What do mailbox disabled bounces indicate about email deliverability and spam traps?

Summary

Mailbox disabled bounces are generally considered soft bounces, but can indicate a variety of issues. While sometimes temporary, they often represent bad or inactive addresses. Major mailbox providers might return this bounce code even for valid addresses, but repeated sending negatively impacts sender reputation, increasing the risk of being flagged as spam. Experts recommend promptly removing these addresses and practicing good list hygiene. A surge in such bounces signals underlying list problems. While often not a spam trap, failing to address them harms your deliverability.

Key findings

  • Reputation Impact: High bounce rates, especially from 'mailbox disabled' bounces, negatively impact sender reputation and can lead to being flagged as spam.
  • List Hygiene Importance: Maintaining a clean email list by regularly removing invalid or inactive addresses is essential for deliverability.
  • Soft Bounce Caveat: While technically soft bounces, 'mailbox disabled' bounces often signify permanent problems and should not be ignored.
  • Not Always Spam: Though not always spam traps, repeatedly sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses increases the chances of deliverability issues.
  • Root Cause Analysis: A sudden increase in 'mailbox disabled' bounces points to underlying problems with data acquisition or list maintenance practices.

Key considerations

  • Prompt Removal: Promptly remove 'mailbox disabled' addresses from your list to protect your sender reputation.
  • Avoid Repeated Sending: Pause sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses temporarily or suppress them to prevent further deliverability issues.
  • Monitor Metrics: Closely monitor bounce rates and investigate increases in 'mailbox disabled' bounces.
  • Validate Email Lists: Use email validation services to proactively identify and remove invalid or inactive addresses.
  • Improve Acquisition: Review and improve email acquisition practices to ensure the collection of valid and engaged email addresses.

What email marketers say
14Marketer opinions

Mailbox disabled bounces can indicate several issues impacting email deliverability. While conceptually soft bounces, they often represent bad addresses. Major mailbox providers may return this for valid addresses that will become invalid. Repeated sending hurts sender reputation, risking spam flags. List validation services help identify and remove these addresses. Best practice involves suppressing these addresses, pausing sends, and practicing good email hygiene by regularly cleaning lists. While not always a spam trap, persistently sending to such addresses can negatively affect your reputation with ISPs.

Key opinions

  • Impact on Reputation: High bounce rates, including 'mailbox disabled' bounces, negatively impact sender reputation, signaling questionable email practices to ISPs.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists and removing invalid addresses, including disabled mailboxes, is crucial for maintaining good deliverability.
  • Soft vs. Hard Bounce: While conceptually soft bounces, 'mailbox disabled' bounces can turn into hard bounces and should be treated seriously.
  • Not Always Spam Traps: Although not always indicative of spam traps, sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses increases the risk of being flagged as spam.
  • Validation Importance: Using list validation services helps identify and remove invalid addresses, preventing 'mailbox disabled' bounces.

Key considerations

  • Suppress Bounces: Suppress 'mailbox disabled' bounces from future sends to improve sender reputation.
  • Pause Sending: Pause sending to addresses that result in 'mailbox disabled' bounces temporarily to avoid deliverability problems.
  • Monitor Metrics: Closely monitor email marketing metrics, including bounce rates, to identify potential issues with list hygiene.
  • Use Validation Services: Employ email list validation services to proactively identify and remove invalid addresses.
  • Address as Bad: Treat mailbox disabled bounces as potentially bad addresses and remove them to minimise harm.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid notes that a 'mailbox disabled' bounce typically indicates that the recipient's email account is no longer active. Continuing to send to these addresses signals to mailbox providers that you’re not maintaining your list, potentially hurting your sender reputation.

August 2022 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet's blog advises regularly cleaning email lists to remove invalid or inactive addresses. They emphasize that sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses repeatedly not only wastes resources but also harms sender reputation and increases the likelihood of being flagged as spam.

January 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains that after receiving soft bounces, including 'mailbox disabled' bounces, you should pause sending to those addresses temporarily. Repeatedly sending to addresses that soft bounce can lead to deliverability problems.

February 2024 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's blog shares that a high bounce rate negatively impacts sender reputation. Repeatedly sending to invalid email addresses, including those that result in 'mailbox disabled' bounces, signals to ISPs that your email practices are questionable, potentially leading to your emails being marked as spam or blocked.

August 2021 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks doesn’t think it’s likely a spam trap, and if it is, it’s not RFC-compliant, so likely isn’t being used by reputable blacklists.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks notes major mailbox providers return "mailbox disabled" for valid addresses, but they will largely become bad addresses. Brad warns repeated sending to these hurts sender reputation.

July 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from an Email Marketing Forum shares personal experience, stating that a 'mailbox disabled' bounce can sometimes indicate a temporary issue, like the user being on vacation. However, they strongly recommend removing such addresses from your list if the bounce persists after a few attempts to avoid damaging your sender reputation.

November 2021 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot highlights the need to maintain a clean email list for optimal deliverability. They advise segmenting and suppressing 'mailbox disabled' addresses to prevent future sends, improving sender reputation and ensuring higher email engagement rates.

April 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Moosend stresses that high bounce rates, including 'mailbox disabled' bounces, are a major red flag for ISPs. They recommend regularly validating email lists and removing invalid addresses to protect sender reputation and improve email marketing performance.

June 2021 - Moosend
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains a “mailbox disabled” bounce is conceptually a soft bounce but often turns out to be a bad address. Zack suggests suppressing it until the next send, rather than retrying in the same send. Zack also adds most ESPs will give up and hard bounce after a few tries.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that using a list validation service helps identify and remove invalid email addresses, including those that are disabled. This reduces bounce rates and protects sender reputation. They emphasize that preventing 'mailbox disabled' bounces is crucial for maintaining good deliverability.

August 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks agrees with Zack that it's probably not a spam trap. Brad says If the address shows as valid now, it's likely okay to mail it, but you should use other metrics with the list validation service data. Brad added if it is at a institutional domain there is a chance the mailbox was disabled for a time but now accepts mail as a catchall, but this is also not someone who is actively seeking your mail.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor's blog emphasizes the importance of practicing good email hygiene, including promptly removing bounced email addresses from your list. Repeatedly sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses can lead to your email campaigns being flagged as spam, reducing overall engagement and hurting your sender reputation.

April 2022 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus advocates for closely monitoring email marketing metrics, including bounce rates. They suggest that an increase in 'mailbox disabled' bounces indicates a potential issue with your list hygiene and warrants immediate action to prevent further damage to your sender reputation.

May 2022 - Litmus

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Experts emphasize that properly handling mailbox disabled bounces is crucial for maintaining good deliverability. These bounces indicate potentially invalid addresses, and promptly removing them from your list improves sender reputation and reduces the risk of being flagged as a spammer. A sudden increase in hard bounces, including mailbox disabled errors after repeated attempts, signals underlying problems with your email list, such as stale data or poor acquisition practices.

Key opinions

  • Bounce Handling Critical: Properly handling bounces, particularly mailbox disabled bounces, is essential for maintaining good email deliverability.
  • Indication of Invalid Addresses: Mailbox disabled bounces serve as indicators of potentially invalid email addresses.
  • Impact on Sender Reputation: Failing to address mailbox disabled bounces can negatively impact your sender reputation, increasing the risk of being flagged as a spammer.
  • Sign of Underlying Problems: A sudden spike in hard bounces, including mailbox disabled errors, suggests underlying problems with your email list, such as stale data.

Key considerations

  • Prompt Removal: Remove mailbox disabled email addresses from your list promptly to improve sender reputation.
  • Investigate Bounce Spikes: Investigate the cause of sudden spikes in hard bounces, including mailbox disabled errors, to identify and rectify underlying issues with your email list.
  • Review Acquisition Practices: Review your email acquisition practices to ensure you are not inadvertently collecting invalid email addresses.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise (Laura Atkins) explains that a sudden increase in hard bounces, which can include 'mailbox disabled' errors after repeated attempts, indicates underlying problems with your email list, such as stale data or acquisition practices leading to invalid addresses. This increases your risk of being flagged as a spammer.

November 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that properly handling bounces is critical for maintaining good deliverability. Treating 'mailbox disabled' bounces as indicators of potentially invalid addresses and removing them from your list promptly will improve your sender reputation and prevent being seen as a spammer.

November 2022 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Documentation indicates that 'mailbox disabled' bounces can arise from various reasons, including the recipient's address not existing (Microsoft), the user's account being suspended, the mailbox being full, or the domain no longer existing (SendGrid). Though generally considered soft bounces (SparkPost), repeated soft bounces can be treated as hard bounces, negatively impacting deliverability. Sending to these addresses repeatedly can hurt your sender reputation with ISPs (Microsoft, SendGrid) and may even contribute to spam scores if the address is a spam trap (RFC Editor).

Key findings

  • Recipient Address Issue: 'Mailbox disabled' bounces often indicate an issue with the recipient's email address.
  • Soft vs. Hard Bounce: Although typically considered soft bounces, repeated bounces can be treated as hard bounces with negative consequences.
  • Sender Reputation: Repeatedly sending to 'mailbox disabled' addresses damages your sender reputation with ISPs.
  • Potential Spam Traps: Mailbox disabled bounces can potentially indicate spam traps if the address was once valid.

Key considerations

  • Monitor and Remove: Regularly monitor and remove 'mailbox disabled' email addresses from your sending list.
  • Handle Appropriately: Handle soft bounces carefully, avoiding repeated sending to the same address.
  • Review List Hygiene: Review email list hygiene practices to prevent sending to invalid or disabled mailboxes.
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains the difference between hard and soft bounces. A 'mailbox disabled' bounce is generally considered a soft bounce, indicating a temporary issue. However, repeated soft bounces to the same address can be treated as a hard bounce, signaling a permanent problem with the address and negatively impacting deliverability.

September 2021 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid explains that 'mailbox disabled' bounces can arise from various reasons, including the user's account being suspended, the mailbox being full, or the domain no longer existing. Continually sending to these addresses will hurt your sender reputation with ISPs.

June 2023 - SendGrid
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn explains that a 5.1.10 NDR (Non-Delivery Report) in Exchange Online indicates that the recipient's email address doesn't exist. This can occur if the recipient's mailbox has been disabled or removed, or if there's a typo in the email address. Sending to such addresses repeatedly can negatively impact your sender reputation.

April 2022 - Microsoft Learn
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor notes Spam traps are set up to receive email at addresses that were once valid but are not valid anymore. Mailbox disabled bounces should be permanent after 6 months and these would count towards your spam score if still sent to.

July 2023 - RFC-Editor