How are email bounce rates calculated and what is considered a good bounce rate?

Summary

Email bounce rate is calculated as the percentage of emails that could not be delivered (Number of Bounced Emails / Number of Emails Sent * 100). There are hard bounces (permanent reasons like invalid addresses) and soft bounces (temporary issues like full inboxes). Definitions can vary across ESPs, impacting benchmarks. Aim for a bounce rate below 2%. Factors increasing bounce rates include sending to old or purchased lists, poor list hygiene, and lack of email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). High bounce rates damage sender reputation and deliverability. Cleaning lists, monitoring bounce rates, and using double opt-in are crucial.

Key findings

  • Bounce Rate Calculation: Bounce rate is calculated as (Number of Bounced Emails / Number of Emails Sent) * 100.
  • Acceptable Bounce Rate: An ideal bounce rate is generally below 2%, though 1-3% can be considered normal.
  • Hard vs. Soft Bounces: Hard bounces are permanent delivery failures (invalid addresses), while soft bounces are temporary issues (full inboxes).
  • Sender Reputation Impact: High bounce rates negatively impact sender reputation and email deliverability.

Key considerations

  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove invalid, inactive, and unengaged subscribers.
  • Email Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate emails and improve deliverability.
  • Bounce Rate Monitoring: Consistently monitor bounce rates to identify and address potential deliverability issues.
  • Double Opt-in: Use double opt-in to ensure subscribers actively want to receive emails.
  • ESP Variations: Be aware that ESPs may calculate and define bounces differently, so understand your ESP's specific methodology.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Email bounce rate is calculated as the percentage of emails that fail to deliver out of the total number sent. Experts recommend keeping bounce rates below 2%. Factors influencing bounce rates include poor list hygiene, sending to outdated or purchased lists, and deliverability issues. Maintaining a clean email list by removing unengaged subscribers and invalid addresses, monitoring bounce rates regularly, using double opt-in, authenticating emails with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, and segmenting lists are crucial for minimizing bounces and protecting sender reputation.

Key opinions

  • Calculation: Bounce rate is calculated by (Number of Bounced Emails / Number of Emails Sent) * 100.
  • Acceptable Rate: An acceptable bounce rate is generally below 2%.
  • Negative Impact: High bounce rates negatively impact sender reputation, leading to decreased deliverability.

Key considerations

  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists by removing unengaged subscribers and invalid addresses.
  • Authentication: Use SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate emails and improve deliverability.
  • Monitoring: Consistently monitor bounce rates to identify and address deliverability issues promptly.
  • Opt-in Practices: Use double opt-in to ensure subscribers actively want to receive emails.
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerQ Blog explains that bounce rate is calculated by dividing the number of bounced emails by the total number of emails sent, then multiplying by 100 to get a percentage. This percentage represents the proportion of emails that were not successfully delivered to recipients.

April 2022 - MailerQ Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel Blog shares that factors such as sending to old or purchased lists, having poor list hygiene, or having deliverability issues can negatively impact bounce rates.

March 2022 - Neil Patel Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that buying email lists almost always leads to higher bounce rates because the addresses are often outdated, invalid, or spam traps.

January 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that an acceptable bounce rate is typically under 2%. Anything above 2% indicates a need to clean up your email lists and improve sending practices.

May 2021 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Moosend answers the question on the importance of removing inactive users. Cleaning your email lists regularly and removing inactive or unengaged subscribers, is key to maintaining a healthy sender reputation.

May 2023 - Moosend
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass forum shares that using double opt-in, authenticating your email with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, and segmenting your list can lead to a lower bounce rate.

October 2021 - Gmass forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus says that consistently monitoring your bounce rates helps you identify and address deliverability issues promptly, preventing long-term damage to your sender reputation.

January 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign shares that regularly cleaning your email lists by removing unengaged subscribers and invalid email addresses is crucial to maintain a low bounce rate.

September 2023 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue explains that a good bounce rate should ideally be below 2%. Bounce rates between 2% and 5% should be investigated and anything above 5% should be addressed immediately.

March 2023 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from ZeroBounce shares that high bounce rates negatively impact sender reputation, leading to more emails being marked as spam and decreasing overall deliverability.

May 2023 - ZeroBounce
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid recommends that the best way to avoid bounces is authenticating your email list with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, which will greatly improve chances of your emails reaching the inbox.

July 2022 - Email on Acid

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Email bounce rates are calculated differently depending on the ESP, with some counting all bounces and others only hard bounces. A true bounce indicates a delivery failure within the retry period or an outright rejection by the receiving MTA. ISPs use attempted deliveries to non-existent addresses as a spam signal, contributing to bounce rates. Defining 'hard bounce' and 'soft bounce' is essential, as definitions vary across ESPs, making industry benchmarks potentially misleading. Monitoring bounce rates is crucial for identifying sending practice problems and maintaining sender reputation. Hard bounces typically result from invalid addresses, while soft bounces are due to temporary issues. The acceptable bounce rate is normally between 1-3%.

Key opinions

  • Bounce Definition: A bounce signifies a failure to deliver within the retry period or outright rejection by the receiving MTA, not merely delivery to spam.
  • Calculation Variance: ESPs calculate bounce rates differently, counting either all bounces or only hard bounces.
  • Impact of Non-Existent Addresses: ISPs use attempted deliveries to non-existent addresses as a spam signal, influencing bounce rates.
  • Accepted Bounce Rate: A bounce rate between 1-3% is accepted as normal.

Key considerations

  • Define Bounce Types: Clearly define 'hard bounce' and 'soft bounce' due to varying ESP definitions.
  • Monitor Bounce Rates: Regularly monitor bounce rates to identify sending practice problems and preserve sender reputation.
  • Address Invalid Addresses: Actively manage and remove invalid email addresses to reduce hard bounces.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that monitoring your bounce rate is crucial for identifying potential problems with your email sending practices and maintaining a healthy sender reputation. Regular review of bounce codes can help pinpoint issues.

April 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that unless you define "hard bounce" and "soft bounce" the conversation is pointless, implying that industry benchmarks based on them are also pointless, as ESPs define them differently.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that ISPs use attempted deliveries to non-existent addresses as a spam signal, which is where a lot of the 1-3% bounce rate comes from. They add that a well-run program should not see temporary or soft failures, or mail sitting in the queue.

June 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains bounce rates usually line up with the method that the ESP writing it uses to calculate delivered rates - some use `total sent - all bounces` others use `total sent - hard bounces only`. It's important to know the method they use. They see 1-3% bounce rate as inline with normal churn numbers.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that if an email ultimately delivers, it is not a bounce. A bounce means the email could not be delivered in the allotted retry period or was rejected outright by the receiving MTA.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that hard bounces are typically caused by invalid email addresses, while soft bounces are due to temporary issues like full inboxes or server problems. A high bounce rate can negatively impact your sender reputation.

November 2023 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Email bounce rate is calculated as the percentage of emails that could not be delivered, determined by dividing the number of bounced emails by the total number of emails sent and multiplying by 100. Hard bounces signify permanent delivery failures, often due to invalid email addresses. Soft bounces indicate temporary issues like full inboxes or server problems. High bounce rates negatively impact sender reputation. SMTP reply codes provide insights into the reasons for delivery failures.

Key findings

  • Calculation: Bounce Rate = (Number of Bounced Emails / Number of Emails Sent) * 100
  • Hard Bounce: Hard bounces indicate permanent delivery failures, such as invalid email addresses.
  • Soft Bounce: Soft bounces indicate temporary delivery issues, such as full inboxes or server problems.
  • Reputation Impact: High bounce rates can damage sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Bounces: Regularly monitor bounce rates to identify and address delivery issues.
  • Address Hard Bounces: Actively manage and remove invalid email addresses to reduce hard bounces.
  • Understand SMTP Codes: Familiarize yourself with SMTP reply codes to better understand the reasons for email delivery failures.
Technical article

Documentation from Mailgun explains that a hard bounce indicates a permanent reason an email cannot be delivered (e.g., invalid email address), while a soft bounce indicates a temporary issue (e.g., full inbox).

February 2023 - Mailgun Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that bounce rate is the percentage of emails that could not be delivered. It is calculated as (Number of Bounced Emails / Number of Emails Sent) * 100.

December 2024 - SparkPost Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor describes SMTP reply codes, including those indicating permanent and transient delivery failures, providing the basis for understanding bounce codes.

February 2025 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Amazon SES notes that permanent bounces (hard bounces) are due to invalid email addresses, and transient bounces (soft bounces) are due to temporary issues. High bounce rates can damage sender reputation.

June 2022 - Amazon SES Documentation