How do MX records impact email bounces and sender reputation?

Summary

MX records are DNS records that tell sending mail servers where to deliver emails for a specific domain. Improperly configured, missing, or incorrect MX records lead to email bounces and delivery failures, which negatively impact sender reputation. A high volume of bounces can cause ISPs to view a sender as untrustworthy, potentially leading to blacklisting and emails being marked as spam. Maintaining correct MX record setups, managing bounces, and ensuring a working return path are crucial for ensuring email deliverability and protecting sender reputation. Delegate MX control to ESPs, and always use high-quality email lists.

Key findings

  • MX Record Purpose: MX records direct email flow to the appropriate mail servers for a domain.
  • Bounce Impact: Misconfigured MX records cause email bounces and delivery failures.
  • Reputation Damage: High bounce rates due to MX issues negatively affect sender reputation, potentially leading to blacklisting.
  • List Quality: High bounce volumes indicate poor list quality and mailing practices.
  • Return Path: A working return path is essential for handling bounces and maintaining sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Correct Configuration: Ensure MX records are correctly configured to avoid delivery issues and reputation damage.
  • Bounce Management: Manage bounces from domain configuration problems to maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • Delegate Control: Consider delegating subdomain management to ESPs for optimal MX record handling.
  • List Hygiene: Maintain high-quality email lists to minimize hard bounces and protect sender reputation.
  • Monitor Deliverability: Regularly monitor email deliverability and bounce rates to identify and address any MX record-related issues.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

MX records play a vital role in email deliverability and sender reputation. They direct email flow, and misconfigured or missing records lead to bounces, which ISPs interpret as signs of an unreliable sender. High bounce rates negatively impact sender reputation, potentially causing emails to be marked as spam or blocked. Properly configuring MX records is crucial for ensuring emails reach their intended destination and maintaining a positive sender reputation. Managing bounces resulting from MX record issues is also essential to prevent deliverability problems.

Key opinions

  • MX Record Function: MX records instruct sending servers where to deliver emails for a specific domain.
  • Bounce Impact: Incorrect MX records cause email bounces, leading ISPs to view senders as untrustworthy.
  • Reputation Damage: High bounce rates due to MX issues negatively affect sender reputation, resulting in emails being marked as spam or blocked.
  • Domain Setup: MX misconfiguration suggests a domain is improperly set up, impacting email deliverability.
  • Blocklisting Risk: MX-related bounces can lead to domains or IPs being blocklisted, harming deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Correct Configuration: Ensure MX records are correctly configured to avoid deliverability issues.
  • Bounce Management: Manage bounces from domain configuration problems to maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • ESP Delegation: Consider delegating subdomain management to ESPs for optimal MX record handling.
  • Return Path Setup: Ensure a working return path is set up; improperly handled bounces negatively influence your sender reputation.
  • Domain Legitimacy: Ensure MX records are precise so ISPs recognise the sender as legitimate, avoiding being labelled as spam.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that MX records tell a sending server where to send emails for a specific domain, which is used when bounce emails are generated. Bounces can occur during the SMTP dialog or later, and the MX record is consulted when generating a bounce email.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet states that MX record issues can lead to higher bounce rates, causing a negative impact on sender reputation. Mailjet highlights the necessity of precise MX record configuration to ensure ISPs recognize the sender as legitimate, thus avoiding being labeled as spam.

January 2025 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's blog shares that correct MX record setup is essential for email deliverability. If your MX records are not properly configured, emails may bounce, and your sender reputation could be damaged because ISPs may view you as an untrustworthy sender.

December 2022 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sender Score shares that excessive bounce rates directly influence sender reputation. Bounces due to MX record issues suggest that the sender hasn't properly configured their domain, leading to ISPs viewing them negatively. This can result in emails being marked as spam or blocked entirely.

October 2023 - Sender Score
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that MX record misconfiguration leads to emails bouncing, making it seem like your domain isn't properly set up to receive emails. If your bounce rate is high because of DNS issues, your sender reputation will suffer and emails will start landing in spam folders.

December 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that the ownership of the bounce domain and its MX records is up to the sender and the ESP, clarifying that the subdomain can be delegated to the ESP for managing bounces.

May 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks clarifies that vacation notices are not bounces but go to the same destination as out-of-band bounces. He also provides an example of a forward to an invalid domain generating a bounce notice.

July 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks warns that sender reputation will suffer if the from/smtp from is unable to receive emails.

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass says that if email messages intended for your domain are bouncing due to problems with your MX records, there is the risk of your domain or IP address being listed on various blocklists, which affects deliverability and sender reputation.

January 2022 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost says that managing bounces due to domain configuration issues is crucial for maintaining a positive sender reputation. Incorrect MX records can result in a high bounce rate, which signals to ISPs that your domain might not be legitimate, potentially leading to deliverability problems and reputation damage.

September 2022 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow shares that if your MX record isn't set up correctly, your server won't be able to receive emails, resulting in bounces. A high bounce rate due to this can flag your server as a spam source, hurting your sender reputation.

August 2023 - Stack Overflow

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Incorrect MX records prevent emails from reaching their destination, resulting in hard bounces. A high volume of hard bounces signals poor list quality and mailing practices. Furthermore, the failure to properly handle bounces from invalid addresses due to incorrect MX records can negatively impact sender reputation with ISPs. Therefore, ensuring correct MX record configuration and bounce handling is essential for maintaining deliverability and a positive sender reputation.

Key opinions

  • MX Record Errors: Incorrect MX records cause permanent email delivery failures (hard bounces).
  • Bounce Volume: High hard bounce volumes indicate poor list quality and mailing practices.
  • Reputation Impact: Improperly handled bounces due to incorrect MX records negatively impact sender reputation.
  • Importance of Return Path: You must have a working return path set up.

Key considerations

  • MX Record Accuracy: Ensure MX records are accurate to prevent hard bounces and delivery failures.
  • List Quality: Maintain high-quality email lists to minimize hard bounces.
  • Bounce Handling: Implement proper bounce handling mechanisms to prevent sender reputation damage.
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource.com explains that if the MX record is wrong it stops mail from reaching the intended destination. This is a permanent failure, or hard bounce. The volume of hard bounces can be a very strong indication of the quality of your list and mailing practices.

October 2023 - Spamresource.com
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise Laura Atkins explains that you must have a working return path set up. If bounces from invalid email addresses are not properly handled because of incorrect MX records, ISPs will negatively view your sender reputation.

April 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

MX records are crucial DNS records that direct email flow to the appropriate mail servers for a domain. Incorrect, missing, or misconfigured MX records cause email delivery failures and bounces, which negatively impact sender reputation. High bounce rates signal to ISPs that a sender is unreliable or has a problematic domain, potentially leading to blacklisting. Correct MX record setup is essential for proper email system function and maintaining a positive sender reputation.

Key findings

  • Email Routing: MX records direct email flow to responsible mail servers.
  • Delivery Failure: Incorrect MX records cause email delivery failures and bounces.
  • Reputation Impact: Bounces due to MX errors negatively impact sender reputation.
  • Blacklisting: High bounce rates can lead to domain blacklisting.
  • SMTP Reliance: SMTP relies on MX records (DNS) for routing emails.

Key considerations

  • Correct Setup: Ensure MX records are correctly set up for proper email function.
  • Avoid Misconfiguration: Prevent missing or misconfigured MX records to avoid delivery issues.
  • Monitor Bounces: Monitor bounce rates to identify and address MX record problems.
  • Domain Validation: Verify domain MX records to ensure emails can be delivered correctly.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that DNS records, including MX records, must be set up correctly for email systems to function. If email intended for your domain is bouncing, it can lead to the blacklisting of your domain. Your sender reputation suffers as other mail servers perceive your domain as problematic.

December 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that MX records specifically direct email flow for your domain. These records tell the internet which mail servers are responsible for accepting emails on behalf of your domain. Incorrect MX records can prevent emails from being delivered, leading to bounces and negatively impacting sender reputation as senders might be seen as unreliable.

April 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 5321 explains that the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) relies on DNS, including MX records, to route email. Incorrectly configured or missing MX records will cause delivery failures, leading to bounces. High bounce rates associated with an SMTP sender can reduce a sender's reputation with ISPs and blacklist providers.

August 2023 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Cloudflare explains that MX records specify which mail servers accept email messages on behalf of your domain. If an MX record is missing or misconfigured, emails may bounce, and the sending server might perceive the domain as invalid, potentially impacting sender reputation.

August 2024 - Cloudflare