How do spam traps and user engagement impact Gmail deliverability, and what list cleaning practices are recommended?

Summary

Maintaining optimal Gmail deliverability requires a multifaceted approach centered on list hygiene, user engagement, and adherence to email best practices. High bounce rates and spam traps negatively impact sender reputation, while poor engagement signals reduce inbox placement. Cleaning lists to remove inactive, invalid, or unengaged subscribers is crucial, with varied timelines suggested for identifying inactive users (e.g., 6 months without opening). Re-engagement campaigns can be considered before permanent removal. While opinions differ on the direct impact of spam traps, maintaining a clean list is universally recommended. Engagement is a key metric for Gmail, necessitating relevant content and active subscriber management. Google's sender guidelines and authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) also play significant roles. Tools for email validation and list cleaning can aid in these efforts. Expert perspectives differ on spam trap impact, some emphasizing the need for list hygeine to avoid hitting them, while others note that Google does not trust or use them. Overall, balancing list hygiene, user engagement, and technical configurations optimizes Gmail deliverability.

Key findings

  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists is essential for avoiding spam traps, reducing bounce rates, and maintaining a healthy sender reputation.
  • User Engagement: Gmail heavily relies on engagement metrics to determine inbox placement; focus on sending relevant content and actively managing subscribers.
  • Spam Traps - varied opinion: While some sources emphasize the need to avoid spam traps, others state Google does not trust or use them - highlighting the importance of list hygiene regardless.
  • Authentication & Compliance: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and adherence to Google's sender guidelines are crucial for deliverability.
  • Inactive Users: Removing inactive users helps avoid spam traps and improves engagement metrics.

Key considerations

  • Cleaning Schedule: Establish a regular list-cleaning schedule to remove inactive or invalid addresses.
  • Segmentation Strategy: Implement a segmentation strategy to target active subscribers and improve engagement.
  • Re-Engagement: Consider implementing re-engagement campaigns before permanently removing subscribers.
  • Validation Tools: Utilize email validation tools to identify and remove invalid addresses.
  • Authentication Setup: Ensure proper configuration of SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.
  • Content Relevance: Focus on providing relevant, engaging content to maintain subscriber interest.

What email marketers say
18Marketer opinions

Maintaining Gmail deliverability hinges on a combination of factors, primarily list hygiene and user engagement. Hitting spam traps and generating high bounce rates can negatively impact sender reputation and lead to emails landing in the spam folder. Conversely, even with perfect delivery, low engagement can result in similar outcomes. Google's guidelines emphasize responsible sending practices, which includes regularly cleaning lists to remove inactive, invalid, or unengaged subscribers. Experts recommend focusing on engaged users, potentially through re-engagement campaigns, and removing those who don't respond. Furthermore, practices like monitoring engagement metrics, segmenting lists, validating email addresses, and employing email validation tools are essential for a healthy sender reputation and improved inbox placement. High bounce rates, spam traps and low engagement are symptoms of 'sick lists' - that should be addressed promptly.

Key opinions

  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning your email list is crucial for avoiding spam traps, reducing bounce rates, and maintaining a healthy sender reputation.
  • User Engagement: Gmail uses engagement metrics to determine inbox placement, making it essential to focus on sending relevant content to engaged subscribers.
  • Spam Traps: Hitting spam traps can severely damage your sender reputation and deliverability. Proactive removal of stale or invalid addresses is necessary.
  • Inactive Users: Removing inactive users is recommended because they can become spam traps or negatively impact engagement metrics.
  • Bounce Rates: High bounce rates damage sender reputation and lead to deliverability issues. Regular list cleaning helps reduce bounce rates.
  • Google Guidelines: Adhering to Google's sender guidelines is vital for ensuring your emails reach the inbox.

Key considerations

  • List Segmentation: Segment your email list based on engagement and target active subscribers to improve inbox placement.
  • Re-Engagement Campaigns: Consider re-engaging cold subscribers before removing them from your list.
  • Email Validation: Use email validation tools to identify and remove invalid email addresses from your list.
  • Monitoring Engagement: Monitor engagement metrics and adjust your sending strategy to target active subscribers.
  • Timeframe for Inactivity: A six-month period of inactivity is a good starting point for identifying users who should be removed.
  • Content Relevance: Ensure your content is relevant and engaging to maintain subscriber interest and improve deliverability.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks finds a lot of customer pushback is based around "well, they MIGHT respond" without them realizing how harmful those unresponsive subscribers are and list validation can be a short-cut to clean out some bad addresses, but it shouldn't be a long-term solution.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum says that removing old, invalid emails is crucial because a lot of them will convert into spam traps. Email service providers will penalize this behaviour.

December 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that the timeframe for converting inactive addresses to spam traps varies, but 6 months is a good starting point for identifying users who haven't opened an email and may need to be removed.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps explains that cleaning your email list will improve deliverability by removing invalid or inactive emails. They suggest using email validation tools and regularly scrubbing your list to maintain a healthy sender reputation.

October 2023 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says spamtraps are a symptom of the disease of a sick list and to think of it like the flu. You should couple that with some Theraflu to also try to hit out at the disease.

July 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that engaging content and consistent sending practices improve inbox placement. They suggest monitoring engagement metrics and adjusting your sending strategy to target active subscribers, which reduces the risk of hitting spam traps.

May 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that hitting a spam trap will get you blacklisted and advises cleaning your list before emailing.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that if your list is dirty and hitting spam traps with high bounce rates, you'll likely go to spam. Conversely, even with perfect delivery rates, lack of engagement can also lead to spam placement.

December 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says paying attention to what Google says will help you get into Gmail. They also state that Google can use any metric it can get its hands on to help train their filters.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that Google's sender guidelines emphasize sending responsible mail. Cleaning lists eliminates those who don't want your email and recommends slowing down sending and only emailing engaged users who've explicitly agreed to receive emails. They state that Google guidelines are available here: <https://support.google.com/mail/answer/81126?hl=en>

November 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ReturnPath explains that subscriber engagement is a key factor in email deliverability. Low engagement signals that your emails are not valuable to recipients, which can negatively impact your sender reputation and inbox placement.

January 2022 - ReturnPath
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks clarifies that spam traps are a symptom of emailing inactive people for too long and recommends removing inactive users.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ZeroBounce says that high bounce rates damage sender reputation, leading to deliverability issues. Regular list cleaning helps reduce bounce rates, improving deliverability.

June 2024 - ZeroBounce
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that segmenting and re-engaging cold subscribers is a good practice. If they don't respond to a re-engagement campaign, it's better to remove them from the list to protect your sender reputation and avoid spam traps.

March 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks suggests reviewing those who signed up months ago but never opened anything. If someone has been on your list more than 90 days and hasn't opened an email, don't keep emailing them.

July 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue explains that reducing hard bounces enhances your sender reputation. They recommend regularly cleaning your list to remove invalid email addresses that lead to hard bounces, which can negatively impact your deliverability.

February 2024 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that spam traps can severely damage your sender reputation and deliverability. Regularly cleaning your list to remove inactive or invalid addresses helps avoid hitting these traps.

August 2024 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp shares that list cleaning is vital for maintaining good sender reputation. They suggest segmenting based on engagement and removing unengaged subscribers to improve deliverability and avoid spam traps.

December 2023 - Mailchimp

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

The impact of spam traps on Gmail deliverability is a nuanced topic. While some sources emphasize the importance of list hygiene and removing stale addresses to avoid spam traps and protect sender reputation, others suggest that Google does not trust or use spam traps directly for filtering. Engagement is consistently identified as a critical factor, with Gmail using engagement metrics to determine inbox placement. Focusing on relevant content for engaged subscribers and removing unengaged subscribers are recommended practices to improve deliverability.

Key opinions

  • List Hygiene: Maintaining list hygiene by proactively removing stale or invalid addresses is crucial to mitigate risks associated with spam traps.
  • Engagement as Key: Engagement is a critical factor for Gmail deliverability, influencing inbox placement through engagement metrics.
  • Content Relevance: Sending relevant content to engaged subscribers is essential to improve deliverability.
  • Spam Trap Impact: The direct impact of spam traps on Gmail deliverability is debated, with some sources emphasizing its significance and others suggesting Google's non-reliance on them.

Key considerations

  • Proactive Removal: Implement proactive measures to remove stale or invalid addresses from your email list.
  • Engagement Focus: Prioritize sending relevant content to engaged subscribers to improve Gmail deliverability.
  • Unengaged Subscriber Strategy: Develop a strategy for identifying and removing unengaged subscribers to boost engagement metrics.
  • Source Evaluation: Acknowledge conflicting perspectives on the direct impact of spam traps and evaluate sources critically.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that email is not being blocked or bulked because of spamtraps and that you shouldn't expect any long term benefits if you pay shysters to strip all the spamtraps from your list.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that Google has stated publicly that they do not trust nor use spamtraps.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that list hygiene is essential and that sending to known spamtrap addresses will damage your reputation and deliverability, advising proactive removal of stale or invalid addresses to mitigate risks.

August 2022 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that engagement is a critical factor for Gmail deliverability, noting that Gmail uses engagement metrics to determine inbox placement. They recommend focusing on sending relevant content to engaged subscribers and removing unengaged subscribers from your list to improve deliverability.

September 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Email deliverability, particularly with Gmail, is significantly impacted by maintaining an up-to-date and clean email list. Official documentation from Google, RFC-Editor, Microsoft, and Spamhaus emphasizes the importance of regularly removing inactive or invalid email addresses to reduce bounce rates, avoid being marked as a spammer, and prevent spam listings. Additionally, proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and confirmed opt-in processes contribute to improved deliverability.

Key findings

  • List Hygiene Impact: Regularly cleaning email lists improves deliverability and reduces the risk of being flagged as a spammer.
  • Inactive Recipients: Removing inactive recipients is a key practice for maintaining a healthy email list.
  • Authentication Importance: Properly configured email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for deliverability.
  • Confirmed Opt-in: Using confirmed opt-in processes is recommended to improve email deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Regular List Cleaning: Implement a process for regularly cleaning your email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses.
  • Authentication Setup: Ensure that your email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is properly configured.
  • Opt-in Process: Use a confirmed opt-in process to ensure that subscribers actively want to receive your emails.
  • Bounce Monitoring: Monitor bounce rates and investigate high bounce rates to identify and address deliverability issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that keeping your email list up-to-date and removing inactive recipients can improve deliverability. They recommend regularly cleaning your list to reduce the number of bounced messages and avoid being marked as a spammer.

January 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus states that maintaining a clean email list is critical for avoiding spam listings. Removing invalid or inactive email addresses reduces the risk of being flagged as a spammer, thus improving your deliverability.

May 2021 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from RFC-Editor shares that email authentication and list hygiene are crucial for deliverability. Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records, combined with regular list cleaning, improve your chances of reaching the inbox.

February 2025 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft outlines various best practices for improving email deliverability, including using confirmed opt-in, providing clear unsubscribe options, and regularly cleaning your email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses.

November 2021 - Microsoft