How do I troubleshoot and fix increased bounce rates in Gmail for lead series and transactional emails?

Summary

Troubleshooting increased bounce rates in Gmail for lead series and transactional emails requires a comprehensive approach. Key actions include implementing security measures against bots (CAPTCHA, honeypots), maintaining strict list hygiene (removing unengaged subscribers, correcting typos, double opt-in), and diligently monitoring sender reputation (IP/domain reputation, blocklist checks) via tools like Google Postmaster Tools. Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial, especially for transactional emails. Content should be optimized to avoid spam triggers. Analyzing bounce messages using enhanced SMTP status codes (RFC 5240) and bounce code documentation (SparkPost) aids in pinpointing specific issues. Factors like unsolicited emails, compromised accounts, sudden influxes of invalid addresses, and changes in Gmail's spam filtering can also contribute. Warming up IP addresses and segmenting audiences further enhances deliverability.

Key findings

  • Bot Mitigation: CAPTCHA, hCAPTCHA, and honeypot fields are essential to combat bot signups.
  • List Hygiene Importance: Regularly cleaning email lists through the removal of inactive subscribers and correcting typos greatly enhances deliverability rates.
  • Sender Reputation Critical: Actively monitoring IP and domain reputation, and addressing blocklisting issues, is vital for maintaining trust with Gmail.
  • Authentication Standards: Implementing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for email authentication is crucial, especially for transactional emails, to improve credibility.
  • Spam Trigger Awareness: Avoiding spam trigger words, and optimizing email content and structure, helps bypass spam filters.
  • Postmaster Tools Utility: Leveraging Google Postmaster Tools provides invaluable insights into sender reputation and potential deliverability issues within Gmail.
  • Bounce Message Analysis: Analyzing bounce messages, using enhanced SMTP status codes and specific bounce code documentation, is important for identifying the underlying reasons for delivery failures.
  • Unsolicited Email Harm: Sending unsolicited emails damages sender reputation and can disproportionately impact transactional email deliverability.
  • Signup Suspicion: Treat emails gathered during a purchase process cautiously if the purchase is not completed.
  • Domain Reputation Monitoring: Ensuring your domain aligns with best practices contributes to domain reputation, leading to good deliverability rates.

Key considerations

  • Double Opt-In Strategy: Employ double opt-in mechanisms to verify email addresses and ensure subscriber interest.
  • Email Warm-Up Procedures: Gradually warm up your IP address to establish a strong sending reputation.
  • Segmentation Benefits: Segment your audience for more targeted messaging, which enhances engagement and minimizes bounces.
  • Transactional Email Handling: Prioritize robust authentication and secure infrastructure for transactional emails to maintain high deliverability.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Implement proactive monitoring of email deliverability metrics for early issue detection.
  • Subscriber Engagement Analysis: Analyze subscriber engagement patterns to identify and address any deliverability concerns or list fatigue.
  • Form Hardening Techniques: Harden forms with honeypots, form field renaming, and Javascript requirements to deter bots and protect your mailing list.
  • Address Malicious Agents: Identify and remove email addresses from bad actors.

What email marketers say
13Marketer opinions

Troubleshooting increased bounce rates in Gmail for lead series and transactional emails involves a multi-faceted approach. Key areas to investigate include bot activity (using CAPTCHA and honeypots), list hygiene (removing inactive subscribers, correcting typos, using double opt-in), sender reputation (monitoring IP and domain reputation, checking blocklists), email content (avoiding spam trigger words, ensuring clean HTML), technical setup (SPF, DKIM, DMARC configuration), and monitoring tools (Google Postmaster Tools). A sudden spike in bounce rates can also indicate compromised accounts, recent changes in Gmail's spam filters, or a surge of invalid addresses.

Key opinions

  • Bot Prevention: Implementing CAPTCHA or honeypot fields on forms can help prevent bots from submitting invalid email addresses.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists by removing inactive subscribers, correcting typos, and using double opt-in significantly improves deliverability.
  • Sender Reputation: Monitoring IP and domain reputation is crucial, checking for blocklisting, and aligning email practices with industry best practices.
  • Authentication: Properly configuring SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is essential for ensuring email authentication and improving deliverability, especially for transactional emails.
  • Content: Avoiding spam trigger words, ensuring clean HTML code, and maintaining a healthy text-to-image ratio are important for bypassing spam filters.
  • Monitoring Tools: Google Postmaster Tools provides valuable insights into email deliverability and sender reputation with Gmail.
  • Sudden Spikes: A sudden increase in bounce rates could indicate a compromised email account, recent changes in Gmail spam filters, or a surge of invalid email addresses.

Key considerations

  • Double Opt-in: Implement double opt-in to verify email addresses and ensure genuine subscriber interest, preventing typo-related bounces.
  • Email Warm-up: Gradually warm up your email address by slowly increasing sending volume to establish a positive sender reputation.
  • Segmentation: Segment your audience to send more relevant emails, improving engagement and reducing the likelihood of bounces and spam complaints.
  • Transactional vs. Lead Series: Treat transactional emails differently; ensure proper authentication and infrastructure setup to maintain high deliverability.
  • Blacklist Monitoring: Regularly check your IP and domain against blacklists to identify and address any reputation issues promptly.
  • Proactive Approach: Adopt a proactive approach by consistently monitoring and maintaining email deliverability metrics to identify and address potential issues before they escalate.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that maintaining a clean email list is critical. This involves regularly removing inactive subscribers, correcting typos, and using double opt-in to ensure subscribers are genuinely interested in receiving emails. They also advise against purchasing email lists.

August 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks recommends adding reCAPTCHA or hCAPTCHA to forms to prevent bots.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares about the importance of warming up your email address. They advise gradually increasing your sending volume over time to establish a positive sending reputation with email providers like Gmail.

January 2024 - Gmass
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks asks if a honeypot field on the signup form could be used in addition to reCAPTCHA to combat bots.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum explains that a recent increase in bounce rate, especially with Gmail, could indicate your IP address has been flagged as a spam source. They recommend checking your IP's reputation on various blacklists and contacting Gmail support.

January 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Hubspot suggests using double opt-in to confirm subscribers' email addresses and consent to receive emails. This helps prevent typo-related bounces and improves list quality.

April 2021 - Hubspot
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign shares about monitoring your domain reputation, as it affects deliverability. They advise regularly checking your domain against blocklists and ensuring your email practices align with best practices to maintain a good reputation.

October 2022 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailToolTester explains how spam filters can be triggered by certain words, poor HTML code, high image-to-text ratio, and sending from a blacklisted IP. The email marketer recommends testing emails using spam checker tools before sending.

November 2022 - EmailToolTester
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that bounce rates may increase due to outdated email lists, sending to non-existent addresses, or poor sender reputation. Suggests cleaning email lists regularly and monitoring sender reputation.

December 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that a sudden increase in bounce rates can be caused by several factors, including a recent change in Gmail's spam filtering rules, a compromised email account, or a sudden influx of invalid email addresses. They recommend checking Gmail's Postmaster Tools for more information.

May 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse shares that to improve email deliverability, you need to warm up your IP address, segment your audience, personalize emails, remove inactive subscribers, and avoid spam trigger words.

June 2023 - SendPulse
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks recommends setting up Google Postmaster Tools for sending domains to gain insights beyond campaign performance metrics.

September 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow shares for transactional emails, ensure your sending infrastructure is properly configured (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and that you are following best practices for sending email. Also, monitor your IP and domain reputation to ensure you're not being blacklisted.

July 2024 - StackOverflow

What the experts say
7Expert opinions

Addressing increased bounce rates in Gmail for lead series and transactional emails requires examining several factors. Suspicious signup behavior like bot activity or unengaged users needs attention. Techniques like CAPTCHA, honeypot fields, and form hardening can deter bots. Monitoring IP/domain reputation, promptly processing bounce messages, and maintaining clean email lists are crucial for deliverability. If lead series are unsolicited, it can damage sender reputation. Gathering signup metadata enables identifying and removing addresses associated with malicious user agents.

Key opinions

  • Suspicious Signup Behavior: Bot activity at signup is a significant contributor to bounce rates; implement CAPTCHA and honeypot fields.
  • List Hygiene: Regular list cleaning removes unengaged users, improving deliverability; people's roles change or they leave, leading to unengagement.
  • Reputation Monitoring: IP and domain reputation significantly impact Gmail deliverability; monitor blocklists and use reputation assessment tools.
  • Bounce Processing: Prompt bounce processing prevents sending to invalid addresses and protects sender reputation; use automated systems for handling bounces.
  • Form Hardening: Hardening forms using techniques like honeypots, form field renaming, and Javascript requirements deters bots.
  • Unsolicited Mail: Sending unsolicited mail in lead series damages sender reputation and impacts transactional mail deliverability.
  • Suspicious Purchases: Emails captured during a purchase process that do not lead to a purchase should be treated with suspicion.

Key considerations

  • Unsolicited Opt-ins: Re-evaluate the sources of your lead series sign-ups. Are they truly opt-in, or are they being added without explicit consent?
  • Automated Bounce Handling: Implement automated systems to process bounces and immediately remove non-existent emails to prevent future sending.
  • Data Trail Analysis: Maintain detailed signup metadata to identify and remove addresses from malicious user agents efficiently.
  • Spamhaus: Leverage available services to identify compromised accounts and prevent the spread of bot activity.
  • Signup Verification: Incorporate robust signup verification methods and monitor your reputation metrics to identify and remove suspicious signups, prevent bots, and maintain a healthy sender reputation.
  • Reputation: Remember to use tools to measure your IP/Domain reputation and ensure it is positive - it needs to be constantly maintained to be effective.
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that one of the top reasons for deliverability issues at Gmail and other large providers relates to IP and domain reputation. Suggests monitoring blocklists and using tools to assess sender reputation.

August 2023 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains about the importance of list hygiene. Suggests cleaning out old unengaged addresses to improve deliverability. It also explains why some people won't engage, eg: job role change, left company, etc.

May 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains the importance of processing bounce messages promptly and accurately. They advise setting up automated systems to handle bounces and suppress invalid addresses from future mailings, maintaining a healthy list and sender reputation.

June 2021 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says to also watch for the same IP address or email address signing up for multiple customers as a red flag. Keeping an audit trail of all signup metadata so that when a user agent with a distinctive feature has been doing Bad Things you can go back and see what else they’ve signed up, and remove those addresses.

September 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests if the lead series is unsolicited mail, it might damage the sender's reputation and impact transactional mail. Additionally, if emails are gathered during a purchase process, those that don't result in a purchase should be treated with suspicion.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains approaches to harden forms, like honeypot fields and changing form field names. Also mentions silently requiring JavaScript, using third-party IP reputation services, and watching for multiple signups from the same IP or email address.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks refers to a Spamhaus suggestion to use CAPTCHA and recommends investigating the data being POSTed if it's easily captured. <https://www.spamhaus.org/resource-hub/threat-intelligence/subscription-bombing-coi-captcha-and-the-next-generation-of-mail-bombs/>

January 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Troubleshooting increased bounce rates in Gmail involves authentication, identifying bounce reasons, and monitoring sender reputation. Google recommends using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC and avoiding unwanted email. RFC 5240 provides SMTP Enhanced Status Codes for detailed bounce diagnostics. Microsoft explains that bounces occur for reasons like full mailboxes or spam filtering. SparkPost details different bounce codes and their meanings.

Key findings

  • Email Authentication: Google emphasizes the importance of implementing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for email authentication to improve deliverability.
  • Enhanced Status Codes: RFC 5240 offers SMTP Enhanced Status Codes, providing granular detail for diagnosing specific bounce reasons, surpassing standard SMTP codes.
  • Bounce Message Details: Microsoft Support highlights that bounce messages contain information about why an email couldn't be delivered, such as a full mailbox or spam filtering.
  • Bounce Code Reference: SparkPost provides a comprehensive reference detailing various bounce codes and their meanings, enabling targeted troubleshooting.

Key considerations

  • Postmaster Tools Monitoring: Google suggests monitoring sender reputation through Postmaster Tools to identify potential deliverability issues.
  • Unwanted Email Prevention: Actively avoid sending unwanted or unsolicited emails to maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • Examine Enhanced Codes: Analyze the enhanced status codes provided in bounce messages to gain a deeper understanding of delivery failures.
  • Investigate Bounce Reasons: Thoroughly investigate the reasons for undeliverable emails, as highlighted in bounce messages.
  • Bounce Code Action: Use bounce code explanations to take appropriate actions, such as updating email lists or addressing server issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that senders should authenticate their email using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. They should also avoid sending unwanted email, and monitor their sender reputation using Postmaster Tools.

February 2025 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Support explains that undeliverable email messages, also known as bounce messages, are sent when an email cannot be delivered. This can be due to a number of reasons, including the recipient's mailbox being full, the recipient's server being unavailable, or the email being blocked by a spam filter. Suggests checking the bounce message for more information.

July 2023 - Microsoft Support
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 5240 provides information on SMTP Enhanced Status Codes which helps in diagnosing email delivery issues, including bounce reasons. Enhanced codes offer granular detail that are better than standard SMTP codes.

August 2021 - RFC 5240
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost details different bounce codes and what they mean. It provides a comprehensive reference for understanding the different types of email bounces and how to address each one.

July 2022 - SparkPost