Why are email attachments being lost when sending from Java API to G Suite accounts?

Summary

When email attachments are lost when sending from a Java API to G Suite accounts, a multifaceted approach to troubleshooting is required. Potential causes span technical implementation, sender reputation, content filtering, and recipient-side settings. Attachment size limits imposed by Gmail (25 MB) and incorrect MIME type settings in the JavaMail API are common culprits. Encoding issues, improper file handling, and non-adherence to MIME standards can also lead to attachment loss. G Suite performs deep content scanning, and attachments that trigger spam filters (even erroneously) may be removed. Sender reputation is critical; poor reputation increases the likelihood of G Suite scrutinizing and stripping attachments. Recipient-side antivirus software and content filters can further contribute to the problem. Implementing security checks, like TLS encryption, and properly configuring sender authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are essential. Finally, verifying destination account settings and performing tests with different attachment types and sizes help isolate the issue.

Key findings

  • Attachment Size Limits: Gmail has a 25 MB attachment size limit; exceeding it causes attachments to be stripped.
  • MIME Type Issues: Incorrect MIME type settings when creating attachments can lead to loss.
  • Encoding Problems: Improper encoding (e.g., not using Base64) can corrupt or lose attachments.
  • Content Scanning: G Suite performs deep content scanning; triggering spam filters results in attachment removal.
  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation increases G Suite's scrutiny and likelihood of stripping attachments.
  • Recipient Filtering: Recipient-side antivirus software and content filters can remove suspicious attachments.
  • JavaMail Configuration: Improper use of JavaMail API setContent and setDisposition

Key considerations

  • Check Attachment Size: Ensure attachments stay within Gmail's 25 MB limit.
  • Verify MIME Types: Confirm correct MIME types when creating attachments in the Java API.
  • Use Proper Encoding: Ensure attachments are properly encoded (e.g., Base64).
  • Improve Sender Reputation: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for improved sender authentication and reputation.
  • Review Attachment Content: Check attachment content to avoid triggering spam filters.
  • Test Attachments: Send test emails with various attachment types and sizes to isolate issues.
  • Implement TLS: Use TLS encryption to prevent tampering during transmission.
  • Check destination settings: Check settings of the receiving account or domain.
  • Recipient action: Advise recipients to check their spam/quarantine folders for missing attachments.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

When email attachments are lost when sending from a Java API to G Suite accounts, several factors come into play. Recipient-side filtering due to antivirus software or content filters detecting suspicious content, as well as file size limits enforced by G Suite, can cause attachments to be stripped. Technical issues in the sender's configuration also contribute: incorrect MIME type settings, encoding problems, or incorrect filename extensions. Additionally, the sender's reputation and authentication status (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are critical. Using TLS encryption can prevent tampering. Testing different attachment types and sizes helps identify specific issues, while checking recipient spam/quarantine folders is a quick first step. Finally, confirming the correct code and the correct settings of the destination accounts settings helps isolate the issue.

Key opinions

  • Recipient Filtering: Antivirus and content filters at the recipient's end may remove attachments if they are deemed suspicious.
  • Attachment Size Limits: G Suite has file size limits; exceeding them can lead to attachments being stripped.
  • MIME Type Issues: Incorrect MIME type settings during attachment creation can cause problems.
  • Encoding Problems: Encoding issues, if not handled correctly, might lead to attachment corruption or loss.
  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation can cause emails and attachments to be filtered or modified.
  • File Extensions: G Suite can be sensitive to filename extensions; incorrect or unsafe extensions can cause issues.
  • Destination Configuration: The destination account may have configured filters that block attachments.

Key considerations

  • Check Recipient Settings: Advise recipients to check their spam/quarantine folders for missing attachments.
  • Validate MIME Types: Ensure correct MIME types are set when creating attachments.
  • Use Proper Encoding: Verify that attachments are correctly encoded (e.g., Base64).
  • Sender Authentication: Implement and verify SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for improved sender authentication.
  • Test Attachments: Send test emails with various attachment types and sizes to identify potential issues.
  • Implement TLS: Use TLS encryption to prevent tampering with email content.
  • Code Check: Confirm code is working as intended to send the attachments.
Marketer view

Email marketer from SMTPFix Blog explains that some content filters might be triggered by the attachment's file type or content. They may automatically remove attachments that match specific criteria, especially if the content looks like spam.

July 2023 - SMTPFix Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Java Forums points out that encoding issues can sometimes cause attachments to be lost or corrupted. Ensure that the attachment content is properly encoded (e.g., using Base64) before adding it to the email.

July 2024 - Java Forums
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailtrap Blog suggests checking the sender's reputation and ensuring that the sending domain is properly authenticated (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). Poor sender reputation can cause emails to be filtered or modified.

September 2022 - Mailtrap Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange mentions that G Suite can be sensitive to filename extensions. Ensure the extensions are correctly set and safe. Changing filename extensions can prevent some filters from blocking the attachment.

March 2024 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit mentions that G Suite has file size limits for attachments. Check if the combined size of your email and attachments exceeds these limits. Large attachments can be rejected or stripped.

November 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum suggests that some antivirus software or email security filters on the recipient's end might be stripping attachments if they are deemed suspicious. Suggests informing recipients to check their spam/quarantine folders.

August 2024 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that the issue might be due to incorrect MIME type settings. Suggests ensuring the correct MIME type is set when creating the `MimeBodyPart` for the attachment. For example, for PDF, use `application/pdf`.

November 2023 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Deliverability Forum suggests sending test emails with various types and sizes of attachments to identify if a specific type is causing the issue. This helps isolate the problem.

March 2021 - Email Deliverability Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks mentions that G Suite customers can divert inbound emails to another destination with additional filtering, and suggests confirming that attachments are actually being sent to all recipients and that the mail code is working as intended.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from TechTarget explains that using TLS encryption during email transmission can prevent tampering with email content, which includes attachments. Lack of encryption may lead to unexpected modifications.

August 2024 - TechTarget

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

When email attachments are lost when sending from a Java API to G Suite accounts, the issue often stems from a combination of factors related to content scanning, sender reputation, and recipient-side settings. G Suite itself typically doesn't strip attachments unless they are deemed suspicious after deep content scanning, potentially triggering spam filters even with benign content. A poor sender reputation makes G Suite more likely to scrutinize and block attachments, particularly from unfamiliar senders. Individual inbox settings and domain-level configurations can also lead to attachments being removed. While whitelisting at Google is generally not possible, individual users might be able to whitelist the sender.

Key opinions

  • Content Scanning: G Suite performs deep content scanning of attachments, and triggering spam filters can cause attachments to be removed.
  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation makes G Suite more likely to scrutinize and block attachments.
  • Inbox Settings: Individual inbox settings and domain-level configurations can cause attachments to be removed.
  • Suspicious Content: Gmail typically delivers attachments unless something about the attachment is suspicious.

Key considerations

  • Review Attachment Content: Check attachment content to ensure it doesn't inadvertently trigger spam filters.
  • Improve Sender Reputation: Take steps to improve sender reputation, such as ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and avoiding spam-like sending practices.
  • Request Whitelisting: Advise recipients to whitelist the sender if possible, although whitelisting at Google level isn't usually feasible.
  • Check for Malicious Content: Scan generated files for anything that might make them look potentially malicious.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that G Suite and other email providers perform deep content scanning of attachments. If the attachment's content triggers a spam filter (even if it's not actually spam), the attachment might be removed or the entire email blocked.

April 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource emphasizes that sender reputation heavily influences attachment delivery. If your sending IP or domain has a poor reputation, G Suite is more likely to scrutinize and potentially strip attachments, especially from unfamiliar senders.

January 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that whitelisting at Google is not possible, but individual users might be able to whitelist the sender. Recommends having someone check the generated files for anything that might make them look malicious.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that Gmail typically delivers attachments without issues, so the problem likely stems from something suspicious within the attachments themselves.

July 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests inbox settings as a possible cause and says G Suite does not strip attachments, but individual domains might if attachments seem 'iffy' or unknown.

April 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

When email attachments are lost when sending from a Java API to G Suite accounts, the issue can often be traced back to technical implementation details and platform limitations. Gmail enforces a maximum attachment size limit of 25 MB, beyond which attachments are stripped. Properly using the JavaMail API, particularly setting the correct content type and disposition for attachments, is crucial. Adhering to MIME standards (RFC 2045) is essential for formatting email messages with attachments correctly. Correct file handling is also essential. Implementing security checks to prevent uploading malicious content or formats is also a key consideration.

Key findings

  • Attachment Size Limit: Gmail has a maximum attachment size limit of 25 MB.
  • JavaMail API Usage: Correctly using the JavaMail API, including setting content type and disposition, is important.
  • MIME Standards: Adhering to MIME standards (RFC 2045) is essential for email formatting.
  • File Upload Integrity: Ensure proper handling of file uploads to maintain attachment integrity.
  • Attachment Security: Perform security checks to prevent uploading malicious content as attachments.

Key considerations

  • Check Attachment Size: Ensure attachments do not exceed Gmail's 25 MB limit.
  • Verify JavaMail Settings: Double-check that content type and disposition are correctly set when using the JavaMail API.
  • Follow MIME Standards: Format emails according to MIME standards to ensure proper delivery and display of attachments.
  • Secure File Handling: If applicable, implement robust file handling processes to guarantee attachment integrity.
  • Security Implementations: Add security scans and validation for attachments to ensure they are safe for both the sender and receiver.
Technical article

Documentation from OWASP suggests that when file attachments are involved, security checks need to be performed to prevent malicious content. This includes checking file types, sizes, and contents for known threats.

May 2021 - OWASP
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor describes the standards for MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions). This document explains how to properly format email messages with attachments, including setting content types, encoding, and boundaries.

February 2024 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Apache Commons suggests that correctly handling file uploads (if applicable) is essential to ensure the integrity of attachments. Correctly read and represent the data from the file.

May 2023 - Apache
Technical article

Documentation from Oracle provides information on using the JavaMail API correctly. It emphasizes the importance of setting the correct content type and disposition for attachments using the `setContent` and `setDisposition` methods.

April 2022 - Oracle
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that Gmail has a maximum attachment size limit of 25 MB. If your attachments exceed this limit, they may be stripped or the email may not be delivered.

May 2022 - Google Workspace Admin Help