How do I identify and handle spam bot clicks in email reporting and how can they affect deliverability?

Summary

Identifying and handling spam bot clicks to maintain email deliverability involves a multifaceted approach. Experts and marketers suggest utilizing various methods, including analyzing user-agent data, implementing honeypot links, monitoring click patterns and IP addresses, and employing rate limiting. Double opt-in processes can prevent bot sign-ups. It's essential to go beyond simple open and click metrics and analyze user behavior after the click. Regularly cleaning email lists also removes bots. Automated filters, sender reputation monitoring, and analyzing SMTP errors can also help. ESPs ideally should assist with data and filtering, but marketers must proactively implement their methods. Bot clicks can negatively affect deliverability by skewing engagement metrics and triggering inappropriate automation sequences. Finally, bot and human engagement can coexist, requiring refined analytical approaches.

Key findings

  • User-Agent Analysis: Analyzing user-agent data can help identify bot clicks.
  • Honeypot Links: Implementing honeypot links identifies bot traffic.
  • Click Pattern Analysis: Monitoring click patterns helps detect bot clicks.
  • Rate Limiting: Rate limiting helps mitigate bot activity.
  • Double Opt-In: Double opt-in prevents bot sign-ups.
  • Beyond Clicks: Analyze user behavior beyond clicks to differentiate real users.
  • List Cleaning: Regular list cleaning removes potential bots.
  • Automated Filters: Google Ads' automated filters remove invalid clicks.
  • Sender Reputation: Monitoring sender reputation identifies bot-related deliverability issues.
  • SMTP Errors: High SMTP error rates indicate potential bot activity.

Key considerations

  • ESP Dependence: Don't solely rely on ESPs for bot detection.
  • Human Overlap: Bot clicks and human engagement may coexist.
  • Deliverability Impact: Bot clicks negatively impact deliverability.
  • Data Access: Raw data from ESPs is essential for analysis.
  • Behavioral Patterns: Analyze behavioral patterns and engagement after the click.
  • Proactive Approach: Proactive measures are needed for detection and prevention.

What email marketers say
14Marketer opinions

Identifying and handling spam bot clicks in email reporting is crucial for maintaining accurate engagement metrics and ensuring healthy email deliverability. Experts and marketers suggest using various methods to detect bots, including analyzing user-agent data, click patterns, IP addresses, and implementing honeypot links. It's also important to go beyond simple click metrics and analyze user behavior after the click, implement rate limiting on click tracking, and regularly clean email lists to remove inactive subscribers and potential bots. Double opt-in processes can help prevent bot sign-ups. Bot clicks can negatively impact deliverability by skewing engagement metrics, triggering marketing automation sequences inappropriately, and potentially damaging sender reputation. However, bot clicks may also occur alongside genuine human engagement, so careful analysis is needed.

Key opinions

  • User-Agent Analysis: Analyzing user-agent data helps identify bot clicks, but sometimes real users also trigger bot clicks.
  • Fingerprinting Bot Clicks: Fingerprinting bot clicks based on timing, IPs, and user agents allows for filtering of these events.
  • Honeypot Links: Implementing honeypot links helps identify and segment out bot traffic by attracting bots to invisible links.
  • CTR Monitoring: Monitoring click-through rates and identifying unusual spikes in activity helps detect bot clicks.
  • Double Opt-In: Using double opt-in prevents bot sign-ups and click activity by requiring email confirmation.
  • Rate Limiting: Rate limiting on click tracking identifies and mitigates bot activity by tracking clicks within a timeframe.
  • A/B Testing: A/B testing can identify bot activity if one version consistently receives more bot clicks.
  • List Cleaning: Regularly cleaning email lists removes inactive subscribers and potential bots.
  • Engagement Skewing: Bot clicks can skew engagement metrics, making it harder to identify real subscribers.
  • Automation Triggers: Bot clicks can trigger marketing automation sequences, leading to inappropriate follow-ups.

Key considerations

  • Human vs. Bot Overlap: Bot clicks and human engagement aren't always mutually exclusive; some users may have both.
  • Engagement Beyond Clicks: Analyze user behavior after the click, such as time spent on the landing page, to differentiate bots from humans.
  • ESP Capabilities: Your ESP should ideally handle bot click detection and filtering.
  • Deliverability Impact: Bot clicks can negatively impact deliverability if they trigger spam filters or skew engagement metrics.
  • Security Filters: Security filters following links through can generate bot clicks; be mindful of their behavior.
  • Content Analysis: Certain content elements in emails may trigger bots; A/B test to identify these triggers.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow suggests implementing rate limiting on click tracking to identify and mitigate bot activity. Rate limiting involves tracking the number of clicks from a specific IP address or user agent within a certain timeframe and blocking or filtering out traffic that exceeds a defined threshold.

March 2025 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign notes checking user-agent data is a key method for determining real engagement of a clicker. Look for known bot agents and remove these clicks.

January 2025 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that bot clicks aren’t going to harm deliverability unless they find something they don’t like on the other end, then it will impact the performance at the receiver that’s doing the scanning.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that bot clicks can negatively impact deliverability by skewing engagement metrics, making it harder to identify real subscribers. This can lead to misdirected sending practices and potentially damage sender reputation if bots are consistently engaging with emails without converting.

June 2024 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue shares that using double opt-in can help prevent bot sign-ups and click activity. This process requires new subscribers to confirm their email address before being added to the list, reducing the likelihood of bots engaging with your emails.

July 2024 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that you should implement honeypot links in emails (links invisible to humans but easily followed by bots) to identify and segment out bot traffic. They also suggest analyzing IP addresses and user agents for suspicious patterns to further refine bot detection.

December 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks thinks bot clicks could start to negatively affect deliverability because they can trigger marketing automation sequences, making bots appear as engaged subscribers and skewing engagement metrics.

May 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that bot clicks and human engagement are not mutually exclusive and suggests fingerprinting bot clicks based on timing, user agents, IPs, etc., and filtering those specific events. He also mentions the ESP should ideally handle this.

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks wonders if the bot clicks are spam checkers from internally forwarded emails.

September 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that monitoring click-through rates (CTR) and identifying unusual spikes in activity can help detect bot clicks. They recommend comparing CTRs across different campaigns and segments to identify anomalies that may indicate bot traffic.

July 2021 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot shares that A/B testing email subject lines and content can help identify bot activity. If one version consistently receives a higher rate of bot clicks, it may indicate that bots are being triggered by specific keywords or elements in the email.

March 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that identifying bot clicks involves looking for patterns like unusually high click rates, clicks happening immediately after sending, and non-human user agent strings. They suggest using tools to filter out bot traffic from reports to get a more accurate picture of engagement.

June 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains the importance of regularly cleaning email lists to remove inactive subscribers and potential bots. Removing bots helps maintain a healthy sender reputation and improves deliverability rates by reducing bounce rates and spam complaints.

October 2021 - GMass
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they recently got access to user-agent data for clickers and was surprised by how many people who had bot clicks also had a real click.

November 2024 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Identifying and handling spam bot clicks requires a multi-faceted approach. ESPs should provide raw data for analysis, but marketers must also implement their own detection methods. Honeypots can effectively trap bots, while analyzing user behavior beyond simple clicks (like time on page and conversions) provides a more accurate assessment of engagement. A key theme is that simply relying on open/click rates is insufficient; deeper behavioral analysis is necessary to differentiate bots from genuine human engagement.

Key opinions

  • ESP Data Access: ESPs ideally should provide raw click data or capture it on request for detailed analysis.
  • Honeypot Effectiveness: Honeypots are effective for detecting bot clicks due to their invisibility to human users.
  • Beyond Clicks: Analyzing user behavior beyond clicks (e.g., time on page, conversions) is crucial for bot differentiation.

Key considerations

  • ESP Reliance: Don't solely rely on your ESP; implement your own bot detection methods.
  • Honeypot Implementation: Carefully implement honeypots to avoid accidentally trapping real users.
  • Behavioral Analysis Complexity: Behavioral analysis requires more sophisticated tracking and analysis tools beyond basic click metrics.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that ESPs should ideally handle bot click data, making the raw data available or capturing it on request.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise emphasizes the importance of going beyond simple open and click metrics. They suggest looking at user behavior after the click, such as time spent on the landing page or whether a conversion occurred. Bots often exhibit superficial engagement without any further interaction, so this deeper analysis can help differentiate between bot and human clicks.

November 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that one method to detect spam bot clicks is to use honeypots. This involves embedding hidden links in the email that are invisible to humans but easily detected by bots. Clicks on these links indicate bot activity and can be used to filter out bot traffic.

May 2022 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Technical documentation highlights that identifying and handling spam bot clicks involves several strategies. Google Ads uses automated filters and manual reviews to filter out invalid clicks. SparkPost emphasizes analyzing engagement tracking, click patterns, and IP addresses to exclude bot traffic. AWS recommends monitoring sender reputation metrics such as bounce rates and complaint rates. Finally, RFC highlights SMTP standards as a way to track deliverability.

Key findings

  • Automated Filters: Google Ads uses automated filters and manual reviews to identify and filter out invalid clicks.
  • Engagement Tracking: SparkPost provides engagement tracking, including click data, for identifying and filtering out bot activity.
  • Sender Reputation: AWS recommends monitoring sender reputation, including bounce and complaint rates, to identify potential bot-related issues.
  • SMTP Standards: RFC standards for SMTP can highlight likely problems.

Key considerations

  • Data availability: Data should be available from vendors.
  • Pattern Analysis: Analyze click patterns, IP addresses, and bounce rates.
  • Metric Monitoring: Monitoring engagement and reputation metrics can help identify and address bot issues.
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that they provide detailed engagement tracking, including click data, which can be used to identify and filter out bot activity. They recommend analyzing click patterns and IP addresses to identify and exclude bot traffic from deliverability metrics.

May 2021 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from AWS explains that monitoring your sender reputation, including bounce rates and complaint rates, can help identify potential issues related to bot activity. High bounce rates from invalid email addresses and complaints triggered by bots can negatively impact deliverability.

September 2024 - Amazon Web Services
Technical article

Documentation from RFC details the standards of SMTP and how deliverability is tracked. High error rates and other bot like activity against the RFC settings indicate likely problems.

October 2021 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Google Ads Help explains that Google uses automated filters and manual reviews to identify and filter out invalid clicks on ads, including those from bots. They refund advertisers for these invalid clicks to maintain the integrity of their ad campaigns and reporting.

May 2024 - Google Ads Help