Why am I seeing more Gmail hard bounces today?

Summary

The causes of increased Gmail hard bounces are multi-faceted. Several factors contribute to this issue, with many experts and documentation sources emphasizing the importance of list hygiene, suggesting that invalid email addresses (due to typos, inactivity, or changes), spam traps, and unengaged users are major culprits. Proper sending practices are equally crucial, including respecting Gmail's sending limits, authenticating emails via SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, and monitoring sender reputation. External factors also play a role, such as changes in Gmail's spam filtering algorithms, temporary server issues, or updated sending guidelines. Moreover, the presence of spammy keywords and poor HTML can also cause deliverability issues. Monitoring bounce codes (specifically 5xx and 4xx errors) and actively managing feedback loops are important for diagnosing and addressing deliverability problems. Some users report not experiencing any issues, which could indicate the issue is isolated.

Key findings

  • List Hygiene: Poor list quality, including invalid addresses, spam traps, and unengaged users, leads to higher bounce rates.
  • Sending Practices: Exceeding sending limits, failing authentication, and ignoring sender reputation damage deliverability.
  • Gmail's Algorithms/Policies: Changes in Gmail's filtering and sending guidelines can impact bounce rates.
  • Temporary Outages: Gmail outages and server issues can cause spikes in hard bounces.
  • Email Content: Spammy keywords and poor HTML coding trigger spam filters and increase bounce rates.
  • Bounce Codes: 5xx errors indicate permanent failures, while 4xx errors indicate temporary problems.
  • Feedback Loops: Ignoring feedback loops leads to increased spam filtering and higher bounce rates.
  • Inconsistent Impact: Some senders may not be experiencing increased bounces, indicating the problem isn't necessarily widespread.

Key considerations

  • Clean Email Lists: Regularly remove invalid addresses, spam traps, and unengaged subscribers.
  • Authenticate Emails: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication to prove sender legitimacy.
  • Respect Sending Limits: Stay within Gmail's daily sending limits to avoid blocks and bounces.
  • Monitor Sender Reputation: Track your IP reputation and warm up new IPs gradually.
  • Review Content: Eliminate spammy keywords, improve HTML coding, and preview emails on Gmail.
  • Monitor Bounce Codes: Analyze bounce codes to identify the underlying reasons for failures.
  • Process Feedback Loops: Actively monitor and address complaints from feedback loops.
  • Check Gmail Status: Monitor Gmail's service status page for known issues or disruptions.
  • Ensure Compliance: Comply with Gmail's sending policies and guidelines.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

Several factors can contribute to increased Gmail hard bounces. Some users report not seeing an increase, suggesting the issue may not be universal. Potential causes include Gmail algorithm changes, stricter spam filtering, temporary outages, spam traps, blacklisted IPs, problematic email content, exceeding sending limits, poor list hygiene, and new sending infrastructure requiring warm-up. Monitoring bounce codes, engaging with Gmail support, and ensuring compliance with Gmail's policies are recommended.

Key opinions

  • Gmail Changes: Gmail's spam filtering algorithms or policies may have changed, leading to stricter enforcement and more bounces.
  • List Quality: Poor list hygiene, including spam traps, invalid addresses, and unengaged users, can significantly impact bounce rates.
  • IP Reputation: A blacklisted IP address due to sending volume or spam complaints can result in increased bounces.
  • Content Issues: Email content that triggers spam filters can cause higher bounce rates.
  • Sending Limits: Exceeding Gmail's daily sending limits can lead to temporary blocks and bounces.
  • Infrastructure Warm-up: New sending domains or IPs need to be warmed up to build a positive reputation and avoid bounces.
  • Inconsistent Experience: Some senders are experiencing increased bounces while others are not, implying a targeted or localized issue.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Bounce Codes: Analyze bounce codes to identify the specific reasons for delivery failures.
  • Contact Gmail Support: Engage with Gmail support if you suspect an issue with their filtering or a broader deliverability problem.
  • Segment Lists: Segment your email list based on engagement and send to the most active subscribers first.
  • Clean Email List: Regularly clean your email list to remove inactive subscribers, unsubscribes, and role-based email addresses.
  • Check IP Reputation: Monitor your IP address's reputation and warm up your IP address gradually if necessary.
  • Review Email Content: Review your email content for spam-like keywords, excessive links, and poor HTML code.
  • Stay Compliant: Ensure your email practices comply with Gmail's sending policies and guidelines.
  • Check Service Status: Monitor Gmail's service status page for known issues or disruptions.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they do not see anything of the like on their end since 17 hours ago.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue notes that poor list hygiene can directly contribute to an increased bounce rate. They advise regularly cleaning your email list by removing inactive subscribers, unsubscribes, and role-based email addresses to improve your sending reputation.

November 2023 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email On Acid explains that deliverability issues, including bounces, might increase if your email content triggers Gmail's spam filters. They advise reviewing your email content for spam-like keywords, excessive links, and poor HTML code. Also preview on Gmail to see how it looks.

August 2022 - Email On Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that Gmail might be experiencing a temporary outage or issue that's impacting email delivery. They recommend checking Gmail's service status page for any known issues or disruptions.

December 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow mentions that if you're using a new sending domain or IP address, Gmail may initially treat your emails with suspicion, leading to increased bounces. Warming up your sending infrastructure gradually and building a positive sending reputation can help to overcome this issue.

August 2024 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeek Community mentions that bounce spikes can sometimes be attributed to changes in Gmail's spam filtering algorithms or stricter enforcement of existing policies. They recommend monitoring your bounce codes and contacting Gmail support if you suspect an issue with their filtering.

August 2023 - EmailGeek Community
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests a potential cause is a sudden influx of spam trap addresses on your list. They advise segmenting your list based on engagement and sending to your most active subscribers first to minimize the impact on your sender reputation.

April 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora suggests that your sending IP address could have been temporarily blacklisted by Gmail due to a sudden spike in sending volume or a history of sending to spam traps. Monitoring your IP reputation and warming up your IP address gradually can help to avoid this issue.

August 2021 - Quora
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they are seeing the same and still experiencing it.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they are not seeing anything like the last few days and that it looks "normal" in terms of Gmail hard bounces today

June 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerLite explains that exceeding Gmail's daily sending limits can lead to temporary blocks and increased bounces. Monitor your sending volume and ensure that you're within Gmail's established limits for your account type.

November 2021 - MailerLite
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks asks if they are 550 responses, or perhaps global suppressions from the ESP and notes that some ESPs will still be globally suppressing any email which hard bounced yesterday

September 2021 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

One expert indicates no deliverability issues with automated sends, suggesting a potentially isolated problem. However, other expert opinions point to poor list hygiene (Spam Resource) and neglecting feedback loops (Word to the Wise) as significant contributing factors to increased Gmail hard bounces. Effectively, while some may not be experiencing issues, list management and feedback monitoring are critical for maintaining deliverability.

Key opinions

  • Inconsistent Impact: Not all senders are experiencing increased bounces, indicating the issue isn't necessarily universal.
  • List Hygiene: Poor list hygiene, including invalid addresses and spam traps, is a primary driver of hard bounces.
  • Feedback Loops: Ignoring feedback loops and complaints can lead to increased spam filtering and bounces.

Key considerations

  • List Cleaning: Regularly clean your email list to remove invalid addresses, spam traps, and unengaged users.
  • Monitor FBLs: Actively monitor and respond to feedback loops (FBLs) to address complaints and improve email practices.
  • Check Sending Reputation: Monitor your sending reputation to proactively address any deliverability issues with Gmail.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise emphasizes the importance of actively monitoring and responding to feedback loops (FBLs). They note that a sudden increase in complaints reported through FBLs could indicate a problem with your email content, targeting, or sending practices, potentially leading to increased bounces and spam filtering by Gmail. Ensure you are processing FBLs.

April 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that they are not seeing any deliverability impact today on any of their automated sends.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that a primary cause of increased Gmail hard bounces is poor list hygiene. They suggest regularly cleaning your list of invalid addresses, spam traps, and unengaged users to maintain a good sender reputation and improve deliverability.

May 2023 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Increased Gmail hard bounces can stem from several factors. Google Support highlights invalid email addresses due to typos, inactivity, or changes. Mailjet points to poor sending practices like sending to unengaged recipients, recommending list hygiene and authentication checks. SparkPost suggests temporary Gmail server issues and emphasizes reviewing bounce codes. Microsoft proposes updated Gmail spam filters or guidelines, advising compliance checks. RFC explains the difference between permanent (5xx) and temporary (4xx) error codes for diagnosis. Taken together, the documentation suggests focusing on list quality, authentication, compliance, and understanding bounce codes, but also acknowledging potential temporary Gmail-side issues.

Key findings

  • Invalid Addresses: Typos, inactive accounts, and changed email addresses contribute to hard bounces.
  • Poor Sending Practices: Sending to unengaged or invalid recipients increases bounces.
  • Temporary Gmail Issues: Transient problems with Gmail servers can cause temporary bounce surges.
  • Policy Changes: Updated Gmail spam filters or sending guidelines can lead to more bounces.
  • Error Code Significance: 5xx codes indicate permanent failures, while 4xx codes suggest temporary issues.

Key considerations

  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list to remove invalid and unengaged addresses.
  • Authentication: Check your SPF, DKIM, and DMARC settings to ensure proper authentication.
  • Compliance: Stay updated on and comply with Gmail's sending policies and guidelines.
  • Bounce Code Analysis: Review bounce codes to understand the specific reasons for delivery failures.
  • Sender Reputation: Monitor your sender reputation to identify and address potential problems.
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost notes that a temporary issue with Gmail's servers could cause a surge in bounces. Reviewing the bounce codes provided in the error messages will help you differentiate between permanent and temporary failures. Temporary failures may resolve themselves in time.

September 2022 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft shares that a sudden spike in hard bounces from Gmail could mean Google has updated its spam filters or implemented new sending guidelines. You should check for the latest updates to Gmail's policies to ensure your emails comply.

October 2022 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that a 5xx error code indicates a permanent delivery failure (hard bounce). A 4xx error code indicates a temporary failure (soft bounce) which could be a configuration issue on the recipient server that resolves itself. Understanding these error codes help in diagnosing the bounce.

October 2021 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Mailjet explains that a sudden increase in hard bounces can indicate a problem with your sending practices, such as sending to a large number of unengaged or invalid recipients. They suggest checking your list hygiene, authentication settings (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and sender reputation to identify the cause.

September 2022 - Mailjet
Technical article

Documentation from Google Support explains that increased hard bounces can occur due to invalid email addresses, which may be a result of typos, inactive accounts, or changes in email addresses. Google recommends regularly cleaning email lists to remove these invalid addresses and improve sending reputation.

February 2022 - Google Support