What are best practices for managing bounced, unsubscribed, and spam-complaint users in email marketing?

Summary

Managing bounced, unsubscribed, and spam-complaint users in email marketing involves a multi-faceted approach to ensure optimal deliverability, legal compliance, and positive user experience. Hard bounces should be immediately removed from the mailing list, while soft bounces can be retried. Unsubscribed users and those who have marked emails as spam should be immediately suppressed, with permanent records kept to avoid legal repercussions. Email providers prioritize user happiness, so consent is critical. Techniques like double opt-in, preference centers, and segmentation help reduce unsubscribes and spam complaints. Regular list cleaning and sunset policies for inactive users further improve deliverability. Technical implementations include accurate bounce messages, List-Unsubscribe headers, and feedback loops. PII should be minimized in suppression lists, and companies should consult legal teams regarding data retention policies.

Key findings

  • Bounce Management: Hard bounces should be immediately removed, soft bounces can be retried.
  • Suppression & Consent: Unsubscribes and spam complaints require immediate suppression, with documented consent being critical.
  • List Hygiene: Regular list cleaning, including sunset policies, improves engagement and deliverability.
  • Technical Implementation: Accurate bounce messages, List-Unsubscribe headers, and feedback loops are crucial.
  • PII Minimization: Minimizing Personally Identifiable Information in suppression lists reduces risk.
  • Proactive Measures: Double opt-in, preference centers, and segmentation proactively reduce unsubscribes and complaints.

Key considerations

  • Legal Compliance: Maintaining permanent unsubscribe records is essential to avoid legal repercussions, and companies should consult legal counsel on data retention policies.
  • Data Security: Implement secure data formats for suppression lists to prevent accidental mailing and minimize PII exposure.
  • User Experience: Providing easy unsubscribe options and respecting user preferences enhances overall email marketing effectiveness.
  • Platform Consistency: Ensure suppression lists are consistently updated across all platforms and systems.
  • Email Provider Guidelines: Monitor and adhere to email provider guidelines regarding spam complaints and deliverability.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

Managing bounced, unsubscribed, and spam-complaint users in email marketing involves several key practices to maintain a healthy sender reputation, comply with regulations, and improve deliverability. Hard bounces should be immediately removed, while soft bounces can be retried. Unsubscribes and spam complaints necessitate immediate suppression from future mailings. Maintaining records of suppressed users is crucial, but PII risks need consideration. Double opt-in, preference centers, and segmentation help reduce unsubscribes and complaints. Regular list cleaning and sunset policies for inactive users further enhance deliverability. Legal consultation may be necessary regarding data retention policies.

Key opinions

  • Bounce Handling: Hard bounces should be immediately removed; soft bounces can be retried.
  • Suppression Lists: Unsubscribes and spam complaints require immediate suppression.
  • Double Opt-in: Double opt-in reduces bounces and spam complaints.
  • Preference Centers: Preference centers allow users to manage email types, reducing unsubscribes.
  • Segmentation: Segmentation improves engagement and reduces complaints.
  • List Cleaning: Regular list cleaning is essential for deliverability.
  • Sunset Policies: Sunset policies improve engagement by removing inactive users.

Key considerations

  • Data Retention: Maintaining records of suppressed users is vital but consider PII risks.
  • Legal Compliance: Consult legal teams regarding data retention policies.
  • Re-subscription: Handle re-subscribing users carefully, honoring double opt-in.
  • Platform Migration: Ensure suppression lists are updated across platforms.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sinch Email (formerly Email on Acid) shares that using double opt-in can reduce bounce rates and spam complaints, as it ensures that subscribers genuinely want to receive your emails.

January 2025 - Sinch Email
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus responds that implementing a sunset policy to stop emailing inactive subscribers after a certain period can improve engagement metrics and overall deliverability.

January 2025 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email Marketer from Email Geeks supports keeping bounced/spam reported/unsubscribed users to prevent re-subscription issues when switching platforms if source data isn't updated.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum shares that maintaining a suppression list of unsubscribed users and those who have marked emails as spam is critical to avoid sending unwanted emails and potential legal issues.

December 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares to suppress users who bounced or complained about spam, and if they re-subscribe via double opt-in, honor it. Maintaining a record is a good practice and may be legally required, so consulting a legal team is advised.

March 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign explains that using segmentation to send targeted and relevant emails to specific groups of subscribers can reduce unsubscribes and spam complaints by improving engagement.

April 2023 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue shares that unsubscribed users should be automatically suppressed from future mailings to comply with regulations and maintain a good sender reputation.

October 2022 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot responds that spam complaints should be immediately removed from your mailing list to avoid damaging your sender reputation and potential blacklisting.

July 2022 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that deleting records is generally a bad practice, as archiving is easy and inexpensive, and deleting can allow bad data back in.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that regular list cleaning, including removing bounced addresses and unsubscribed users, is essential for maintaining a healthy sender reputation and improving email deliverability.

February 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor responds that offering a preference center allows subscribers to manage the types of emails they receive, reducing the likelihood of unsubscribes and spam complaints.

March 2024 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp explains that hard bounces should be immediately removed from your list as they indicate an invalid email address, while soft bounces can be retried a few times before removal.

July 2024 - Mailchimp

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Effectively managing bounced, unsubscribed, and spam-complaint users requires careful attention to detail and adherence to best practices. For unsubscribes, maintaining a permanent record is crucial to avoid legal repercussions. When processing bounces, differentiate between hard and soft bounces, removing hard bounces immediately. While a few unsubscribe-resubscribe events are generally inconsequential, prioritize user happiness and consent. Data formats for suppression lists should minimize PII exposure, and operational and legal needs should guide data retention policies.

Key opinions

  • Permanent Unsubscribe Records: Maintaining permanent records of unsubscribed users is critical.
  • Bounce Processing: Distinguish between hard and soft bounces for appropriate handling.
  • User Consent: User happiness and consent are paramount; avoid emailing unsubscribed users.
  • PII Minimization: Minimize Personally Identifiable Information (PII) in suppression lists.

Key considerations

  • Legal Risks: Accidental emailing of unsubscribed users carries significant legal risks.
  • Operational Needs: Balance data retention with operational requirements.
  • Email Provider Policies: Understand email provider policies regarding unsubscribes and resubscribes.
  • Data Format: Employ data formats for suppression lists that prevent accidental use for sending.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds that when processing bounces, make sure you’re handling both hard bounces and soft bounces appropriately. Hard bounces should be immediately removed from the list while soft bounces may warrant a retry or two before permanent removal.

September 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests using a data format for suppression lists that prevents sending emails based on the data and doesn't contain PII, such as hashes, instead of subscriber list-like formats.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares a counter argument that Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is like toxic waste, being risky and expensive to protect, thus minimizing the amount needed is prudent, while considering operational and legal needs.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that a few unsubscribe -> resubscribe instances through DOI are unlikely to be noticed by Gmail unless it's a significant number or they start complaining.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that you need to keep unsubscribe data forever and be careful not to email them again. They share about a case where a company that accidentally emailed unsubscribed users had to pay a fine of $7,000,000.

May 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that email providers like Yahoogle cannot tell if a user resubscribed and primarily focus on user happiness. Sending emails without consent after an unsubscribe can lead to spam reports.

March 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Effectively managing bounces, unsubscribes, and spam complaints involves technical implementations and monitoring. Accurate bounce messages (Delivery Status Notifications) from SMTP servers are essential for automated bounce processing. Monitoring spam rates via Google Postmaster Tools helps identify and address issues affecting deliverability. Implementing List-Unsubscribe headers facilitates easy unsubscribing for recipients. Using feedback loops allows for automatic removal of users who mark emails as spam.

Key findings

  • Accurate Bounce Messages: SMTP servers should provide accurate Delivery Status Notifications.
  • Spam Rate Monitoring: Monitor spam rates using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • List-Unsubscribe Headers: Implement List-Unsubscribe headers (mailto: and HTTP).
  • Feedback Loops: Use feedback loops to automatically remove spam complainers.

Key considerations

  • Automated Processing: Leverage automated systems for bounce and complaint processing.
  • Deliverability Impact: High spam rates negatively impact deliverability.
  • User Experience: Easy unsubscribing improves user experience and sender reputation.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Proactively monitor and address spam complaint issues.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 5321 explains that SMTP servers should provide accurate bounce messages (Delivery Status Notifications) to inform senders of delivery failures, allowing for automated bounce processing.

October 2021 - RFC 5321
Technical article

Documentation from IETF RFC 8058 responds that implementing List-Unsubscribe headers (both mailto: and HTTP) is a best practice to allow recipients to easily unsubscribe from mailing lists, improving user experience and sender reputation.

August 2021 - IETF RFC 8058
Technical article

Documentation from Validity (formerly Return Path) explains the importance of using feedback loops to automatically receive spam complaints from mailbox providers, allowing for immediate removal of complainers from your list.

February 2023 - Validity
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools shares that monitoring spam rates in Postmaster Tools is crucial to identify and address issues leading to spam complaints. High spam rates can negatively impact deliverability to Gmail users.

August 2021 - Google Postmaster Tools