How does domain blocking in some countries affect email deliverability and image rendering?

Summary

Domain blocking in specific countries presents a complex challenge to email deliverability and image rendering. While direct deliverability to other regions might not be immediately affected, several factors can lead to negative consequences. DNS-level blocks disrupt authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), leading to delivery failures, spam classifications, or quarantines. Image rendering is compromised if images are hosted on subdomains of the blocked domain or served through blocked CDNs. Reduced engagement and increased complaints from blocked regions can indirectly harm sender reputation. Legal/policy reasons behind the blocks necessitate respecting regional restrictions. Mitigation strategies include robust DNS infrastructure, redundant content hosting, audience segmentation, deliverability testing, and continuous monitoring.

Key findings

  • DNS Blocks Disrupt Authentication: Blocking at the DNS level prevents mail servers from resolving DNS records needed for SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, causing authentication failures and delivery issues.
  • Image Rendering Problems in Blocked Regions: If email images are hosted on a subdomain of the blocked domain or served through a blocked CDN, those images may not display properly for recipients in those locations.
  • Sender Reputation Impact: While localized, domain blocking can indirectly harm sender reputation due to reduced engagement, increased complaints, and potential spam classifications.
  • Tracking and Engagement: DNS Block can prevent authentication and also impact click tracking, where if tracking links rely on the blocked domain, clicks from that region will not be recorded, skewing engagement metrics.
  • Global deliverability is often unaffected: Assuming there are no major commercial services with systems inside the affected country and also bound to obey the country restrictions.

Key considerations

  • Robust DNS Infrastructure: Ensure a robust and globally distributed DNS infrastructure to mitigate the impact of regional DNS blocks.
  • Redundant Content Hosting: Use a CDN with a broad global presence and ensure redundancy in content hosting to minimize image rendering issues.
  • Proper Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured to minimize deliverability issues in unaffected regions.
  • Audience Segmentation: Consider segmenting your audience and using separate sending domains for regions with known domain blocks, if legally permissible, and compliant.
  • Monitoring and Testing: Implement deliverability testing tools and closely monitor open rates and inbox placement in different regions to identify and address issues.
  • Respect Local Laws: Ensure that your email marketing practices comply with the local laws and regulations of each country you are targeting.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Domain blocking in specific countries presents nuanced challenges for email deliverability and image rendering. While a domain block doesn't automatically jeopardize deliverability in unaffected regions (assuming proper email authentication is in place), it can indirectly impact overall sender reputation and engagement metrics. The inability to resolve DNS records in blocked regions can hinder authentication processes, while hosting images on subdomains of blocked domains leads to broken images for recipients in those countries. Legal and policy reasons behind the blocks necessitate respecting regional restrictions and segmenting audiences accordingly. Utilizing separate sending domains, robust CDNs, deliverability testing tools, and consistent monitoring are recommended mitigation strategies.

Key opinions

  • Localized Impact: Domain blocks primarily affect deliverability and rendering within the specific countries where the block is enforced.
  • Authentication Issues: DNS-level blocks can prevent mail servers from resolving DNS records needed for email authentication (SPF, DKIM), leading to delivery failures.
  • Image Rendering Problems: If email images are hosted on a subdomain of the blocked domain, recipients in those countries may not be able to view them.
  • Reputation at Risk: A domain block can indirectly hurt sender reputation due to reduced engagement metrics in the blocked region, as ESPs monitor these metrics.
  • Legal/Policy Compliance: Domain blocking often stems from legal or policy restrictions that must be respected; audience segmentation becomes crucial.
  • Engagement skewing: If the deliverability drops in a specific region there may be an impact on sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Proper Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured to minimize deliverability issues in unaffected regions.
  • Segmented Sending: Consider segmenting your audience and using separate sending domains for regions with known domain blocks, if legally permissible.
  • CDN Strategy: Use a CDN with a broad global presence and redundancy to ensure images are accessible even if some domains are blocked.
  • Monitoring and Testing: Implement deliverability testing tools and closely monitor open rates and inbox placement in different regions to identify and address issues.
  • Tracking Domain: If click tracking is essential, use a dedicated tracking domain, separate from the primary email sending domain, to avoid click-tracking issues due to domain blocks.
  • Respect Local Laws: Ensure that your email marketing practices comply with the local laws and regulations of each country you are targeting.
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange shares that domain blocking can sometimes be due to legal or policy reasons in certain countries. While it might not directly affect deliverability elsewhere, it's crucial to respect these regional restrictions and potentially segment your audience to avoid sending emails where they're not allowed, which can help maintain a positive sender reputation.

March 2022 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that website blocking at a country level is country-specific and should not impact deliverability elsewhere if the sending reputation is good.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that if email images are hosted on a subdomain of the blocked domain, users in those countries may not be able to view the images, even if the email itself is delivered. This can significantly reduce engagement and the effectiveness of the email.

October 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailAnalyticsBlog.com suggests using monitoring tools to look at open rates in various countries and segments. A sudden drop from one country where your domain has been blocked would be a red flag.

August 2022 - EmailAnalyticsBlog.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora suggests that if domain blocking is a recurring issue in some countries, consider using a separate sending domain specifically for those regions (if legally permissible). This can isolate the impact of the block and protect your primary domain's reputation.

June 2023 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum mentions that a DNS block in a country can prevent authentication, but also impact click tracking. If the tracking links rely on the blocked domain, clicks from that region won't be recorded, skewing engagement metrics. They suggest using a separate tracking domain.

December 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid explains that if a domain is blocked and thus emails aren't delivered to a region, there can be an impact on sender reputation. Email Service Providers (ESPs) monitor deliverability rates and engagement metrics, and a significant drop in one region can lead to concerns about the sender's overall quality and legitimacy.

November 2023 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests using deliverability testing tools to monitor inbox placement in different regions. This can help detect if domain blocking is causing issues in specific countries and provide insights into potential solutions.

February 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a domain being blocked in specific countries shouldn't directly impact deliverability in other regions, assuming your sending infrastructure and authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are properly configured. However, they caution that if a substantial number of recipients are affected, it could skew engagement metrics.

April 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost mentions that if images are served from a Content Delivery Network (CDN) that uses a subdomain of the blocked domain, users in those countries will experience broken images. They recommend using a CDN with global reach and resilience to regional blocks.

March 2024 - SparkPost

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Domain blocking in certain countries creates deliverability issues, primarily when the block occurs at the DNS level, preventing authentication protocols like SPF and DKIM from working. While deliverability outside of the blocked countries is generally unaffected, image rendering issues may arise if images are hosted on subdomains of the blocked domain or delivered through a blocked CDN. Redundancy in content hosting and robust global DNS infrastructure are crucial to mitigate these problems.

Key opinions

  • DNS Blocking Impacts Authentication: If a domain is blocked at the DNS level, authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM) fail, leading to deliverability problems.
  • Localized Image Rendering Issues: Images hosted on subdomains of blocked domains or served through blocked CDNs won't render for recipients in those countries.
  • Limited Impact Outside Blocked Regions: Deliverability outside the blocked regions is typically unaffected, assuming no major commercial services are impacted.

Key considerations

  • Robust DNS Infrastructure: Maintain a robust and globally distributed DNS infrastructure to minimize the impact of regional DNS blocks.
  • Redundant Content Hosting: Use a CDN with a broad global presence and ensure redundancy in content hosting to avoid image rendering issues.
  • Assess Blocking Methods: Understand how the blocking is handled to determine the specific impact on deliverability and rendering.
  • Monitor Deliverability: Continuously monitor deliverability rates to identify any drops, especially in regions where domain blocking is known to occur.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that if you use a content delivery network (CDN) to host images or other content in your email and the CDN's domain is blocked in certain countries, those images may not display properly for recipients in those locations. They advise using a CDN with a broad global presence and ensuring redundancy in your content hosting strategy.

June 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks confirms it depends on how the blocking is handled, but it’s a distinct possibility that the images won't render.

March 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares some ways domains can be blocked that can affect deliverability to those countries. For instance, if there’s a block at the DNS level and lookups can’t be done, then all of the authentication for the mail doesn’t work.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that if a domain is blocked at the DNS level in certain countries, it will create significant problems with email delivery to those regions. It disrupts the ability of mail servers to properly look up the sending domain's records, such as SPF and DKIM, causing authentication to fail and emails to be blocked or sent to spam.

May 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests if your email's images are served from a subdomain of the blocked domain, your email might not render.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares she wouldn’t expect it to affect deliverability to anywhere outside those countries - assuming that there are no major commercial services with systems inside said country and bound to obey the country restrictions.

December 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Domain blocking in certain countries, particularly when implemented at the DNS level, significantly impairs email deliverability. This is due to the disruption of DNS lookups required for verifying email authentication protocols like SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, leading to delivery failures, emails being marked as spam, or outright rejection. Even if the direct impact on global deliverability is limited, a drop in engagement and an increase in complaints from blocked regions can negatively influence overall sender reputation and potentially trigger spam filters.

Key findings

  • DNS Blocking Cripples Authentication: Domain blocking at the DNS level prevents mail servers from resolving DNS records needed for SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, causing authentication to fail.
  • DMARC Failure: If blocking impacts DNS, then DMARC fails as it relies on DNS to validate both SPF and DKIM, which leads to email being rejected or quarantined.
  • Reputation Impact: Although a localized block might not globally affect deliverability directly, decreased engagement and increased complaints from blocked regions can negatively influence sender reputation.
  • Reduced Engagement: Domain reputation is influenced by engagement rates. Blocking a domain can lower engagement and result in potential spam classification.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Sender Reputation: Closely monitor sender reputation metrics, especially after a domain block, to identify and address any negative impacts.
  • Implement Robust Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are properly configured to mitigate the effects of DNS blocking and maintain deliverability where possible.
  • Analyze Regional Engagement: Analyze engagement metrics (open rates, click-through rates) by region to identify potential issues related to domain blocking.
  • Audience Segmentation: Consider segmenting your audience and tailoring sending practices based on regional policies and restrictions to minimize the impact of domain blocking.
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM.org clarifies that if a domain is DNS blocked, the receiving server will not be able to retrieve the DKIM record to authenticate the email. This will probably cause issues with deliverability.

February 2023 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org shares that DMARC relies on DNS to validate both SPF and DKIM. If a blocking is impacting DNS in any way, DMARC fails, which leads to email being rejected or quarantined.

June 2024 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from ietf.org details that if a domain is blocked at the DNS level within a country, it can prevent mail servers in that country from resolving DNS records required for email authentication (SPF, DKIM). This can lead to delivery failures or messages being marked as spam within that country.

June 2023 - ietf.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that domain reputation is crucial for deliverability. Blocking a domain in some countries can indirectly affect overall reputation if a significant portion of your audience is located there, leading to lower engagement rates and potential spam classification.

June 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that while a domain being blocked in a specific country shouldn't globally affect deliverability, Microsoft's SmartScreen filter considers user feedback and engagement metrics from different regions. A high volume of complaints or low engagement from a blocked region could negatively influence your overall sender reputation.

June 2022 - Microsoft