Why is my spam complaint rate so high during email warm-up?

Summary

High spam complaint rates during email warm-up are a complex issue stemming from various factors. Initial low sending volumes can skew the spam rate calculations, making even a few complaints appear significant. Poor list quality, irrelevant or poorly targeted content, and a lack of recognition from recipients contribute to increased spam reports. Inconsistent sending volumes, the use of spam trigger words, and failure to properly authenticate emails can also raise red flags with email providers. Actively engaging with feedback loops, focusing on relevant content, and only sending to engaged users is crucial for establishing a positive sending reputation during the warm-up phase. Always check the IP reputation before warming up the IP. Using double-opt ensures recipients want to receive emails.

Key findings

  • Low Volume Amplification: Small send volumes make spam complaints appear proportionally higher.
  • List Quality Matters: Poor list quality leads to more spam complaints.
  • Content Relevance is Key: Irrelevant or untargeted content contributes to higher spam rates.
  • Recognizability is Essential: Unfamiliar senders face higher spam reporting.
  • Inconsistent Sending Hurts: Inconsistent volumes are viewed with suspicion.
  • Spam Triggers are Risky: Using spam trigger words leads to complaints.
  • Authentication is Crucial: Without proper authentication, emails appear suspicious.
  • Feedback Loops are Valuable: Feedback loops offer insights into recipient reactions.
  • Engagement Matters Most: Sending to engaged users lowers spam complaints.
  • Clean list: Double opt-in keeps your list clean.
  • Check Reputation: Check IP reputation prior to warming up.

Key considerations

  • Ramp-Up Gradually: Increase sending volume slowly and steadily.
  • Clean Your List: Remove inactive or invalid addresses regularly.
  • Target Your Content: Send relevant and engaging content.
  • Authenticate Everything: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication.
  • Monitor Feedback: Actively monitor and respond to feedback loops.
  • Engage Your Audience: Send emails recipients want to receive.
  • Engage Contacts: Send emails to your most engaged contacts first.
  • Check IP: Check IP reputation before warming up.
  • Utilise double opt-in: Use double opt-in.

What email marketers say
14Marketer opinions

High spam complaint rates during email warm-up can be attributed to several factors. Low initial sending volumes can skew complaint rates. Poor list quality, irrelevant content, and lack of recipient familiarity contribute to users marking emails as spam. Inconsistent sending patterns, the use of spam trigger words, and lack of proper email authentication also raise red flags with email providers. Engagement (or lack thereof), double opt-in, and Gmail specific spam algorithms should also be considered.

Key opinions

  • Low Volume Skew: Small initial send volumes amplify the impact of even a single spam complaint.
  • List Quality: Outdated or purchased email lists lead to unengaged recipients and increased spam reports.
  • Content Relevance: Irrelevant or untargeted content prompts users to mark emails as spam.
  • Sender Recognition: Unfamiliar senders are more likely to be marked as spam, especially during initial warm-up.
  • Inconsistent Sending: Erratic sending patterns raise suspicion with email providers.
  • Spam Trigger Words: Use of spam-related words in subject lines increases the likelihood of complaints.
  • Lack of Engagement: Low engagement (opens, clicks) from initial recipients signals potential issues.
  • Denominator calculations: Gmail only includes emails that landed in the inbox in their denominator, which can skew spam rates if emails don't inbox that day.

Key considerations

  • Gradual Volume Increase: Ramp up sending volume slowly and consistently to establish a positive sender reputation.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list to remove invalid or unengaged addresses.
  • Targeted Content: Ensure your content is relevant and engaging to your target audience.
  • Sender Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to verify your identity and build trust.
  • Double Opt-In: Use double opt-in to ensure recipients want to receive emails from you.
  • Monitor Feedback Loops: Monitor feedback loops to identify and address spam complaints promptly.
  • Engage Contacts: Engage your most engaged contacts first.
  • IP Reputation: Check the IP reputation to ensure the IP is not on any blocklists before warm-up.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum shares that using spam trigger words in your subject lines during warm-up can significantly increase spam complaints. Avoiding these words and focusing on clear, concise messaging is crucial for maintaining a positive sending reputation.

September 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that Counting today’s marks against today’s mail is just to get an idea of the scale of the issue. If the scale is very small, a high rate isn’t really a cause for concern.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Expert from Email Geeks quotes Google stating that the spam rate reported is based on spam complaints from active users for inboxed emails. The spam rates are reported for the day of the send, so high or low send volume on any given day doesn't affect the spam rate of the previous day. The spam report is attributed to when the email was received, not when the report happens.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid details that inconsistent sending volumes during warm-up can raise red flags with email providers. Gradually increasing your sending volume in a consistent manner helps establish a predictable sending pattern and improves deliverability.

September 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that irrelevant or poorly targeted content during warm-up can lead to higher spam complaint rates. Ensuring that your content is engaging and relevant to your audience is crucial for building a positive sending reputation.

March 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that a couple of complaints on a previous day’s email, and none of the emails inboxed the day the complaints were launched, or only a very small number can cause the high spam rate, as they only count emails in the denominator if they landed in the inbox.

April 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot shares that the most important factor is that you're sending emails that people actually want. A good way to start is by emailing your most engaged contacts first. These are the people who are most likely to open, click, and reply to your emails.

November 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that during warming, spam rates can go wild simply because the volume is so low. Sending 50 emails and getting one spam complaint results in a 2% spam rate. If only 25 of those are considered active, the rate becomes 4%. While Gmail might be more forgiving in the early stages, exceeding the threshold too many consecutive days can cause issues.

August 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Validity shares that a lack of engagement from initial recipients can lead to higher spam complaint rates during warm-up. If recipients don't recognize the sender or find the content irrelevant, they are more likely to mark the email as spam, affecting your sender reputation.

November 2024 - Validity
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that warming up IP addresses involves gradually increasing email volume to establish a positive sending reputation. A high spam complaint rate during this process can occur because initial recipients are unfamiliar with the sender, leading them to mark emails as spam more readily.

July 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that when you send mail and then nothing for a couple days (weekend or whatever) you will likely see a spike. Gmail only gives you the tip of the iceberg in terms of what they are doing and especially spam rates they don't want senders to be able track specific sends or segments in terms of who's complaining, so while they might say this is how we calculate I imagine there's some more to it

March 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that poor list quality, including outdated or purchased email addresses, can significantly increase spam complaints during warm-up. Sending to unengaged or invalid addresses can damage your sender reputation from the start.

July 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign states that using double opt-in ensures that everyone on your list has confirmed they want to receive emails from you. This is a great way to keep your list clean.

October 2024 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid explains that hitting spam traps during the warm-up phase can significantly inflate your spam complaint rate. Spam traps are email addresses used to identify spammers; hitting them indicates poor list hygiene and can severely damage your sending reputation.

July 2021 - SendGrid

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

High spam complaint rates during email warm-up can be mitigated by focusing on establishing trust and monitoring recipient reactions. Setting up proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) before starting the warm-up process is essential. Additionally, monitoring spam complaints through feedback loops with major ISPs provides valuable data for adjusting sending practices. Sending exclusively to engaged users during warm-up minimizes complaints and builds a positive sender reputation.

Key opinions

  • Authentication Importance: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) establishes trust with mailbox providers.
  • Feedback Loops Value: Feedback loops offer insights into recipient reactions and spam complaints.
  • Engaged Users Matter: Sending only to engaged users reduces spam complaints and builds positive reputation.

Key considerations

  • Implement Authentication: Set up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records before initiating the warm-up process.
  • Establish Feedback Loops: Configure feedback loops with major ISPs to track spam complaints.
  • Segment and Target: Focus sending efforts on users who have recently engaged with your emails or website.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that setting up proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) before beginning your warm-up process is crucial. This helps establish trust with mailbox providers from the start, reducing the likelihood of being marked as spam.

August 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains the importance of only sending to engaged users during the warm-up phase. Targeting recipients who have recently interacted with your emails or website helps minimize spam complaints and build a positive sender reputation.

September 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise recommends setting up feedback loops with major ISPs to monitor spam complaints. This provides valuable insight into how recipients are reacting to your emails during warm-up, allowing you to make adjustments to your sending practices.

July 2023 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

High spam complaint rates during email warm-up have a significant impact on sender reputation and deliverability. Spam reports directly impact sender reputation and trigger filters (Google). Feedback loops provide data on complaints to adjust sending (Microsoft). Proper sender authentication is crucial (RFC). Pre-warming IP reputation checks are recommended (Spamhaus) to avoid blocklists. Sending relevant email to only those who want it and awareness of sending limits are important factors (AWS).

Key findings

  • Direct Reputation Impact: Spam reports directly harm sender reputation, triggering filters.
  • Feedback Loop Importance: Feedback loops provide crucial data for adjusting sending practices.
  • Authentication as Key: Proper sender authentication is vital for establishing trust.
  • IP reputation is important: You should ensure your IP is not on any blocklists prior to warm-up.
  • Relevant email: Only send email that your recipients want to receive and be aware of your sending limits.

Key considerations

  • Implement Feedback Loops: Participate in feedback loop programs to monitor complaints.
  • Authenticate Sending: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.
  • Monitor Spam Reports: Actively monitor and address spam complaints.
  • Check reputation: Check IP reputation before warming up.
  • Relevant Email: Send only relevant email to recipients.
Technical article

Documentation from AWS shares that you should only send email that your recipients want to receive. Only send as much email as your recipients want to receive and be aware of your sending limits when warming up.

July 2023 - AWS
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that you should check your IP reputation prior to warming up your ip to ensure your IP is not on any blocklists.

October 2021 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that proper sender authentication, including SPF and DKIM records, is essential for establishing trust with email providers. A lack of authentication can make your emails appear suspicious, leading to higher spam complaint rates during warm-up.

April 2022 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft details that participating in feedback loop programs allows senders to receive data on spam complaints. High complaint rates during warm-up signal that adjustments to sending practices are needed to avoid deliverability issues.

May 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Google Support explains that when users mark emails as spam in Gmail, it directly impacts the sender's reputation. A sudden increase in spam reports, especially during warm-up, can trigger filters and negatively affect deliverability.

May 2024 - Google Support