Why did my email go to 100% inbox then back to 0% in Gmail?

Summary

Gmail inboxing fluctuations, characterized by a temporary 100% inbox rate followed by a subsequent drop to 0%, arise from a complex interplay of factors influencing sender reputation, authentication, content, user engagement, and adherence to regulations. A single successful campaign is insufficient to guarantee consistent inboxing if underlying issues related to these factors persist. Gmail’s filtering system considers various aspects of the sender, the message, and the recipient interactions. Temporary improvements in deliverability from seed lists can be misleading, and focusing on engaged recipients is critical for maintaining a positive sender reputation. Correctly configuring authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and adhering to CAN-SPAM regulations are essential. Google prioritizes recipient behavior over spam traps. Inconsistent filtering indicates potential problems with content or list segmentation. Poor list hygiene, sudden spikes in sending volume, and the use of shared IPs can negatively impact deliverability. Regular monitoring, testing, and analysis are crucial for identifying and resolving deliverability issues.

Key findings

  • Sender Reputation Dominance: A low or inconsistent sender reputation is a primary driver of erratic Gmail inboxing. Past engagement or deliverability issues can outweigh temporary successes.
  • Authentication Integrity: Missing or improperly configured authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) make it harder for mailbox providers to verify sender identity and affect deliverability.
  • List Hygiene Importance: Poor list hygiene, including sending to inactive or unengaged subscribers, negatively impacts sender reputation.
  • Gradual Sending Volume: Drastic increases in sending volume without warming up the IP address trigger spam filters.
  • Seed List Unreliability: Seed list results may be unreliable; temporary positive results may not reflect real-world deliverability.
  • Content Vulnerability: Spam trigger words or poorly formatted HTML can cause emails to be filtered.
  • Engagement-Driven Filtering: Recipient behavior and engagement significantly influence Gmail filtering decisions.
  • CAN-SPAM Adherence: Adherence to CAN-SPAM regulations, including including a physical postal address, is critical for avoiding being flagged as spam.
  • Harvested List Detriment: Sending to harvested email addresses hurts sender reputation.
  • Audience Based Filters: Gmail might be filtering based on the recipient audience, with the fact that the email was delivered when fewer Gmail addresses were included suggesting stringent targeting is needed.

Key considerations

  • Consistent Reputation Monitoring: Regularly monitor sender reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • Proactive List Cleaning: Implement a process for removing inactive subscribers and managing bounces to improve list hygiene.
  • Cautious IP Warm-up: If using a new IP address, gradually increase sending volume to build trust and avoid triggering spam filters.
  • Robust Authentication: Properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records to authenticate your sending domain effectively.
  • Scrutinize Email Content: Use spam checkers to identify and remove spam trigger words and improve HTML formatting before sending emails.
  • Dedicated IP Consideration: Consider using a dedicated IP address to avoid deliverability issues caused by other senders on a shared IP.
  • Compliance Vigilance: Ensure strict compliance with all aspects of CAN-SPAM regulations, including including a physical postal address, and an easy to use opt-out mechanism.
  • Engagement-based Segmentation: Segment list based on engagement levels to help improve deliverability by sending relevant content to active users.
  • Continuous Testing: Regularly test email deliverability and analyze campaigns to identify potential issues.
  • Review Targeting: Ensure your email targeting is stringent.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

The inconsistent inboxing in Gmail, characterized by a temporary 100% inbox rate followed by a drop to 0%, is attributed to a combination of factors influencing sender reputation and email filtering. These include sender reputation, spam traps, list hygiene, sending volume, authentication issues, content triggers, shared IP issues, recipient engagement, and CAN-SPAM compliance. A single successful campaign doesn't guarantee consistent inboxing if other factors are negatively impacting deliverability.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Low or inconsistent sender reputation is a primary driver of deliverability issues. Past poor engagement or deliverability can outweigh temporary success.
  • Spam Traps: Hitting spam traps severely damages sender reputation, leading to deliverability problems.
  • List Hygiene: Poor list hygiene, including inactive subscribers, negatively impacts sender reputation.
  • Sending Volume: Drastic increases in sending volume without proper IP warm-up trigger spam filters.
  • Authentication: Missing or misconfigured authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) hinder email verification.
  • Content Triggers: Spam trigger words or poorly formatted HTML can cause emails to be filtered.
  • Shared IP: Using a shared IP address exposes you to the deliverability issues caused by other users.
  • Seed List: Seed list results may be unreliable. Temporary positive results may not reflect real-world deliverability.
  • Recipient Engagement: Gmail uses recipient engagement to filter emails. A lack of engagement will impact deliverability.
  • CAN-SPAM Compliance: CAN-SPAM Act requires a physical postal address in your emails. Not including it can trigger the spam folder.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly monitor your sender reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • Clean Your List: Implement a process for removing inactive subscribers and managing bounces.
  • Warm-Up IP: If using a new IP address, gradually increase sending volume to build trust.
  • Authenticate Emails: Properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records to authenticate your sending domain.
  • Check Content: Use spam checkers to identify and remove spam trigger words and improve HTML formatting.
  • Consider Dedicated IP: For high-volume sending, consider using a dedicated IP address to avoid issues caused by other senders.
  • Address & Opt-out: Comply with CAN-SPAM by including a physical postal address and an easy opt-out mechanism.
  • Test Deliverability: Test your email deliverability with seed lists or other testing tools.
  • Analyse Recipient Behaviour: Continuously test email deliverability with seed lists and real email addresses.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that seed list results can be unreliable. A small seed list might show temporary positive results that don't reflect real-world deliverability.

January 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark discusses that CAN-SPAM Act requires that you include a physical postal address in your emails. Not including a valid physical postal address can get emails flagged as spam.

November 2022 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse explains that hitting spam traps, even briefly, can drastically lower sender reputation and cause deliverability issues. Once the reputation recovers, inboxing may improve, but hitting spam traps a second time will cause the issues to come back.

February 2025 - SendPulse
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that using spam trigger words or poorly formatted HTML can cause emails to be filtered. Testing email content with spam checkers is crucial before sending.

August 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that missing or improperly configured authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) makes it harder for mailbox providers to verify your sending identity. Ensure to authenticate your emails with industry-standard protocols to improve deliverability.

March 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps mentions that if the IP wasn't properly warmed up, email providers are wary of sudden spikes in volume, as this could indicate spamming activity. Gradual warm-up builds trust and a positive reputation.

October 2021 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel Digital shares that poor list hygiene, including sending to inactive or unengaged subscribers, negatively impacts sender reputation. Cleaning your list regularly is important and improves deliverability.

April 2024 - Neil Patel Digital
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora explains that mailbox providers monitor how users interact with the emails. If users are deleting emails without opening them, marking them as spam, or not engaging, the mailbox provider can begin sending emails to the spam folder.

February 2025 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that using a shared IP address can affect deliverability if other users on the IP engage in spammy behavior. Monitoring the IP's reputation is important.

October 2023 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass explains that drastically increasing sending volume without warming up the IP address can trigger spam filters. Gradual increases are essential for maintaining a good sender reputation.

November 2021 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that a low or inconsistent sender reputation is often the primary cause of erratic Gmail inboxing. A single campaign performing well might not outweigh a history of poor engagement or deliverability.

July 2023 - Mailjet

What the experts say
8Expert opinions

The fluctuations in Gmail inboxing, from 100% to 0%, are attributed to a combination of factors. Focusing on highly engaged recipients can help improve sender reputation, and Gmail's filtering is influenced by the recipient audience and their behaviors. While spam traps aren't a primary focus for Gmail, content variations, sender reputation, and adherence to regulations like CAN-SPAM are crucial. Sending to harvested addresses is detrimental. Inconsistent filtering may point to content or segmentation issues. Continuous testing and monitoring are essential for identifying and resolving deliverability problems.

Key opinions

  • Recipient Engagement: Focusing sends on highly engaged recipients improves sender reputation and overall deliverability.
  • Recipient Audience: Gmail filters based on the recipient audience. Stringent targeting and avoiding harvested addresses are crucial.
  • Spam Traps (Gmail): Gmail prioritizes recipient behavior and engagement over traditional spam traps.
  • Content Variation: Inconsistent filtering can arise from variations in email content triggering different filters.
  • Sender Reputation: Deliverability is significantly impacted by sender reputation, which needs continuous monitoring.
  • CAN-SPAM Compliance: Compliance with CAN-SPAM, including accurate headers, a physical address, and an opt-out mechanism, is critical.
  • Harvested Addresses: Sending to harvested email addresses is detrimental and damages sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Targeted Sending: Prioritize sending to segments of your list that demonstrate high engagement (opens, clicks).
  • Audience Analysis: Analyze your recipient audience to identify and remove problematic addresses and ensure relevant targeting.
  • Content Review: Regularly review your email content for potential spam triggers or inconsistencies.
  • CAN-SPAM Compliance: Ensure strict compliance with all aspects of CAN-SPAM regulations.
  • Continuous Monitoring: Continuously monitor your sender reputation and deliverability metrics to identify and address issues promptly.
  • Testing and Analysis: Regularly test and analyze your email campaigns to help identify the root cause of deliverability issues.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that Google doesn't rely on spam traps. Recipient behavior and engagement are more important factors.

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from SpamResource explains that inconsistent filtering can occur if only a specific segment of your list is experiencing the issue, or if variations in your email content are triggering different filters. Review the content of the emails that are being filtered to identify potential issues.

December 2022 - SpamResource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that compliance with the CAN-SPAM act, which requires accurate headers, a physical address, and an opt-out mechanism, is critical for maintaining inbox placement. Failure to comply can lead to penalties and damage to your sending reputation.

July 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that experiencing a single email achieving 100% inboxing is unusual, although they note that Google is currently making many changes.

January 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from SpamResource explains that deliverability can be impacted by factors such as sender reputation, the content of the email, and recipient engagement. They recommend to test and monitor your email campaigns to identify any issues.

September 2022 - SpamResource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that Gmail may be filtering based on the recipient audience. The fact that an email was delivered when fewer Gmail addresses were included suggests the importance of stringent targeting.

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests focusing sends to the 6% of Google addresses showing opens/clicks until reputation improves. A key part of boosting reputation is avoiding the spam folder. Once reputation improves, the remaining addresses can be re-warmed.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that sending to harvested addresses is detrimental for inbox placement. Spam filtering systems exist, however, using email addresses obtained without consent is a practice that significantly damages sender reputation and deliverability rates.

July 2021 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Gmail inboxing fluctuations, characterized by a sudden drop from 100% inbox to 0%, stem from Gmail's complex filtering system. This system evaluates sender reputation, email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), content quality, and user engagement. Incorrectly configured or temporarily broken SPF, DKIM, or DMARC records, or a DMARC policy set to 'reject' or 'quarantine', can also lead to deliverability issues.

Key findings

  • Gmail Filtering Factors: Gmail considers sender reputation, authentication, content, and user engagement when filtering emails.
  • Sudden Shifts: Sudden shifts in sender reputation, authentication configuration, or other factors cause inboxing fluctuations.
  • SPF Impact: Incorrect or incomplete SPF records cause authentication failures and spam filtering.
  • DMARC Impact: A DMARC policy set to 'reject' or 'quarantine' prevents unauthenticated emails from reaching the inbox.
  • DKIM Impact: Invalid, modified, or missing DKIM signatures flag emails as spam.

Key considerations

  • Evaluate Sender Factors: Regularly evaluate sender reputation, authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), content quality, and user engagement.
  • Authentication Verification: Verify that SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are properly configured and valid.
  • DMARC Policy Review: Review DMARC policies to ensure that they are not inadvertently blocking legitimate emails.
  • DKIM Signature Check: Ensure DKIM signatures are valid and the emails are not modified during transit.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 4871 shares that if the DKIM signature is invalid, modified during transit, or not present, the email may be flagged as spam. Check the DKIM signature and record validity.

June 2022 - RFC 4871
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that a DMARC policy set to "reject" or "quarantine" can prevent unauthenticated emails from reaching the inbox. Incorrectly configured DMARC can cause deliverability problems.

December 2022 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that Gmail filters consider various factors, including the sender's reputation, authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), content quality, and user engagement. Sudden shifts in these factors can cause inboxing fluctuations.

July 2021 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 4408 explains that incorrect or incomplete SPF records can cause authentication failures, leading Gmail to filter emails as spam. Even a temporary SPF misconfiguration can affect deliverability.

September 2023 - RFC 4408

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