Why are Yahoo open rates lower compared to Gmail and Outlook for transactional emails?

Summary

The consensus suggests that lower Yahoo open rates for transactional emails compared to Gmail and Outlook result from a multifaceted interplay of factors. These encompass user behavior, technical implementations by Yahoo, and variations in tracking methodologies. Yahoo users exhibit lower engagement, a higher tendency to block images, and distinct demographic traits. Yahoo's stricter spam filtering, aggressive DMARC policy potentially rejecting unauthenticated emails, and different image pre-fetching practices also contribute. Moreover, variations in tracking accuracy across email clients and the user-controlled image settings impact reported open rates. It is also important to consider that comparing open rates across providers can be ineffective due to differences in proxy, cache, prefetch, application, and user behavior.

Key findings

  • User Engagement: Yahoo users demonstrate lower overall engagement with email, impacting interaction with transactional messages.
  • Image Blocking: A higher proportion of Yahoo users actively block image loading, hindering accurate open tracking.
  • Spam Filtering & DMARC: Yahoo employs stricter spam filters and DMARC policies, potentially filtering out legitimate emails if they lack proper authentication.
  • Image Prefetching: Differing image pre-fetching techniques between email providers, especially the aggressive pre-fetching by Gmail, can artificially inflate open rates.
  • Tracking Inconsistencies: Variations in open tracking accuracy across different email clients affect the reliability of open rate data.
  • ISP Variation: Engagement rates differ by ISP and factors like proxy, cache, prefetch, application, and user behavior cause differences in behaviour.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Compliance: Ensure strict adherence to email authentication best practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to mitigate deliverability issues with Yahoo.
  • Targeted Re-Engagement: Implement tailored strategies to re-engage Yahoo users and encourage image viewing.
  • Alternative Metrics: Utilize alternative engagement metrics (e.g., click-through rates, conversions) alongside open rates to gain a more comprehensive understanding of user interaction.
  • Segmentation & Customization: Segment email lists based on domain and engagement levels to improve targeting and content relevance for Yahoo users.
  • Filter Testing: Implement specific testing practices to determine if images need to be optimised.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

The lower open rates for transactional emails on Yahoo compared to Gmail and Outlook can be attributed to a combination of factors. These include stricter spam filtering by Yahoo, different user behaviors (such as higher image blocking rates and lower engagement), variations in email client image pre-fetching, and differing accuracy in open tracking across platforms. The complexity of Yahoo's email filters also contributes, potentially causing deliverability issues. It is also important to note open rates can be skewed across providers due to image pre-fetching.

Key opinions

  • Spam Filtering: Yahoo's spam filters are potentially stricter, leading to some transactional emails being filtered out or placed less prominently.
  • User Behavior: Yahoo users may be less engaged with email in general or more likely to block images by default.
  • Image Prefetching: Gmail’s aggressive image pre-fetching may artificially inflate open rates compared to Yahoo.
  • Tracking Accuracy: Open tracking accuracy varies across email clients, potentially impacting reported rates on Yahoo.
  • Filtering Complexity: Yahoo’s complex email filters mean more emails could be lost than other providers.
  • Open Rate Misinterpretation: Comparing open rates across providers to derive meaningful insight is potentially ineffective due to varying factors like proxy, cache, prefetch, application, and user behavior.

Key considerations

  • Deliverability: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to improve deliverability to Yahoo inboxes.
  • Engagement: Consider strategies to re-engage Yahoo users and encourage them to view images or interact more with emails.
  • Data Analysis: Be cautious when comparing open rates across different email providers without considering their unique characteristics.
  • Testing: Implement specific testing practices to determine if certain images and deliverability need to be optimised for Yahoo email users.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora shares that user behavior varies across platforms. Yahoo users may check their email less frequently or interact with transactional emails differently than Gmail users.

July 2023 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Tips suggests that the demographic using Yahoo might be less engaged with email overall, or less likely to interact with transactional emails.

August 2024 - Email Marketing Tips Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeek Forum explains that Yahoo users may have a higher tendency to block images by default, which directly impacts open rates since opens are often tracked via pixel tracking.

May 2021 - EmailGeek Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that the accuracy of open tracking varies between email clients. Yahoo might have differences in how they handle pixel tracking, impacting the reported open rates.

December 2024 - Litmus Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign says that Yahoo's filters are more complex, which means it can be harder to get emails through to the inbox. Yahoo could be sending emails that end up not being delivered because of a filtering issue.

August 2022 - ActiveCampaign Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains that some email providers prefetch images, artificially inflating open rates. Yahoo might not prefetch as aggressively as Gmail, leading to lower reported opens.

October 2024 - Email on Acid Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that Yahoo might have stricter spam filters or different algorithms that affect the placement of transactional emails in the inbox, leading to lower open rates compared to Gmail.

January 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that comparing open rates between different receivers to derive meaning is a waste of time, because it does not mean anything, and factors like proxy, cache, prefetch, application, and user behavior will cause different image load behavior.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares Gmail aggressively prefetches images and could have led to incorrect open rates.

March 2025 - Gmass Blog

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

The lower open rates for transactional emails on Yahoo, compared to Gmail and Outlook, stem from a combination of factors related to user behavior, email authentication policies, and engagement levels. Lower engagement among Yahoo Mail users, coupled with a greater tendency to block images, contributes to fewer automatic image fetches. Yahoo's stringent DMARC policy can also lead to the rejection of emails lacking proper authentication, further diminishing open rates. User demographics and behaviours also play a role in this outcome.

Key opinions

  • User Behavior: Fewer Yahoo users actively interact with their mailboxes compared to Gmail or Outlook users, affecting image fetching and, subsequently, open rates.
  • Image Blocking: A higher proportion of Yahoo users explicitly block image loading, which lowers open rates due to the inability to track opens via pixel tracking.
  • DMARC Policy: Yahoo's strict DMARC enforcement can result in the rejection of unauthenticated transactional emails, preventing them from reaching the inbox and impacting open rates.
  • Engagement Rates: Yahoo Mail has generally lower engagement rates compared to Gmail and Outlook, influencing how users interact with emails.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Ensure emails are properly authenticated using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to comply with Yahoo's policies and avoid rejection.
  • User Engagement: Tailor email content and frequency to improve engagement among Yahoo Mail users.
  • Image Optimization: Consider alternatives to pixel tracking for measuring engagement due to higher image blocking rates among Yahoo users.
  • Segmentation: Segment email lists based on domain and engagement to better target users and improve overall open rates.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that Yahoo users are different from Gmail users and fewer Yahoo users are interacting with their mailboxes, resulting in lower automatic image fetches. Additionally, more Yahoo users have explicitly blocked image loading. Open rates don't accurately reflect how many users are actually seeing the emails.

August 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds by explaining that Yahoo Mail user engagement rates are generally lower than Gmail and Outlook, influenced by diverse user demographics and behavior.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that Yahoo's stricter DMARC policy, especially regarding 'p=reject', may cause some transactional emails to be rejected if they're not properly authenticated (SPF/DKIM aligned). This can affect open rates because the emails never reach the inbox.

December 2024 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Lower Yahoo open rates for transactional emails compared to Gmail and Outlook are attributed to varied engagement rates across ISPs, influenced by user demographics, spam filtering, and inbox placement algorithms. Image blocking, preview pane settings, and email client behavior also play a significant role, as each client handles these factors uniquely. Yahoo's aggressive spam filtering may cause legitimate emails to be filtered out, directly impacting open rates. Furthermore, Outlook's image settings (controlled at the user level) affect open rates since they are often tracked via pixel tracking.

Key findings

  • Engagement Variation: Engagement rates differ substantially across ISPs due to varied demographics and algorithms.
  • Image Blocking Impact: Image blocking and preview pane settings greatly influence open rates.
  • Aggressive Spam Filtering: Yahoo's spam filtering can mistakenly filter legitimate emails, reducing open rates.
  • User-Controlled Settings: Outlook's image settings, adjustable by the user, significantly affect open rate tracking.

Key considerations

  • Targeted Strategies: Tailor email strategies to accommodate different demographics and algorithms of various ISPs.
  • Alternative Tracking: Consider alternative engagement metrics alongside open rates, due to image blocking impacts.
  • Content Optimization: Optimize email content to minimize being flagged as spam by Yahoo's aggressive filters.
  • Image Considerations: Understand and account for the impact of user-controlled image settings when interpreting open rate data.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains the images setting within outlook are controlled at the user level and have changed over time. The image settings being enabled or disabled directly impact open rates as opens are often tracked via pixel tracking.

April 2021 - Microsoft Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from Mailchimp explains that open rates are influenced by many factors, including image blocking, preview pane settings, and email client behavior. Different email clients handle these factors differently, leading to variations in open rates.

December 2021 - Mailchimp Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid states that engagement rates can differ significantly between ISPs (Internet Service Providers) due to varying user demographics, spam filtering techniques, and inbox placement algorithms. This explains why Yahoo's open rates might be lower.

August 2024 - SendGrid Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that Yahoo has aggressive spam filtering, which may result in some legitimate transactional emails being filtered out or placed in less prominent sections of the inbox, thereby impacting open rates.

October 2022 - SparkPost Documentation