Why are my emails to Apple iCloud, me.com, or private relay soft bouncing with a 'domain not found' error?

Summary

Emails soft bouncing to Apple domains (iCloud, me.com, private relay) with a 'domain not found' error indicates that the sending mail server is unable to locate the recipient's domain. Contributing factors include: DNS issues (missing/incorrect MX or A records on the 5322.from address or recipient domain, incorrect SPF/DKIM, DNS propagation delays), temporary DNS server problems, typos in the recipient's address, and potentially a poor sender reputation. Bounce messages may also not be accurate. Therefore checking configuration, sender reputation and temporary greylisting issues should be investigated.

Key findings

  • DNS Configuration Issues: Missing or incorrectly configured DNS records (MX, A, SPF, DKIM) on both the sending and recipient domains are major contributors to the error.
  • 5322.from Address Problem: Specific attention should be paid to the 5322.from address, ensuring it has properly configured MX and A records as Apple might be specifically checking this.
  • Temporary DNS Problems: Transient DNS server issues can cause the error; retrying sending the email might resolve it.
  • Typos in Email Addresses: Simple mistakes in the recipient's address (especially the domain part) can lead to 'domain not found' errors.
  • Sender Reputation Impact: A poor sender reputation may cause email to be rejected with this error, even if the recipient domain is valid.
  • DNS Propagation Delays: Recent DNS changes can cause temporary issues until the changes propagate throughout the DNS system.
  • Inaccurate Bounce Messages: Bounce messages are not always accurate and further investigation into the root cause is required.

Key considerations

  • Verify DNS Records: Ensure your domain and 5322.from address have correctly configured MX, A, SPF, and DKIM records. Use email deliverability testing tools to check.
  • Double-Check Email Addresses: Carefully verify the recipient's email address for typos, especially in the domain portion.
  • Retry Sending Later: If temporary DNS issues are suspected, retry sending the email after a short delay.
  • Monitor Sender Reputation: Regularly monitor sender reputation and take action to maintain or improve it. Follow email marketing best practices.
  • Review Bounce Messages: While bounce messages can be helpful, don't always take them at face value and investigate other possible reasons.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Emails soft bouncing with a 'domain not found' error when sending to Apple domains (iCloud, me.com, private relay) can stem from several issues. The core problem is that the sending mail server is unable to locate the recipient's domain. Common causes include DNS misconfigurations (missing or incorrect MX records, SPF, or DKIM settings), temporary DNS server issues, typos in the recipient's email address, DNS propagation delays after recent changes, poor sender reputation, or sending to old/invalid email addresses.

Key opinions

  • DNS Configuration: Missing or incorrect DNS records (MX, SPF, DKIM) are a primary cause of 'domain not found' errors. This prevents the sender's server from routing the email.
  • Temporary DNS Issues: Transient DNS server problems can lead to temporary 'domain not found' errors. Retrying the email send may resolve the issue.
  • Email Address Typos: Simple typos in the recipient's email address (especially the domain part) can result in the error. Verification of the address is essential.
  • DNS Propagation Delays: Recently updated DNS records may experience propagation delays. Wait for the updates to propagate across the internet.
  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation can cause emails to be rejected even if the domain is valid. Maintain a good sender reputation.
  • List Hygiene: Sending emails to old or invalid email addresses can lead to 'domain not found' errors. Regularly clean your email lists.

Key considerations

  • Verify DNS Records: Ensure that your domain has correctly configured MX, SPF, and DKIM records. Use email deliverability testing tools to check your DNS settings.
  • Check for Typos: Double-check the recipient's email address for any typos, especially in the domain part.
  • Retry Sending: If you suspect a temporary DNS issue, retry sending the email after a short delay.
  • Monitor Sender Reputation: Monitor your sender reputation and take steps to improve it if necessary. Follow email best practices to avoid being flagged as spam.
  • Clean Email Lists: Regularly clean your email lists to remove old, invalid, or inactive email addresses.
  • Test Deliverability: Use email deliverability testing tools to identify and address any issues affecting your email deliverability.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow suggests that a 'domain not found' error can occur if the MX records for the recipient's domain are missing or misconfigured. The sender's server can't find where to deliver the email.

March 2022 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperOffice recommends using email deliverability testing tools to check DNS records and configurations. These tests can identify problems that might cause 'domain not found' errors.

September 2024 - SuperOffice
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost explains that temporary DNS server issues can result in transient 'domain not found' errors. Retrying the email send after a short period may resolve the problem.

March 2024 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a 'domain not found' error means the mail server couldn't locate the recipient's domain. Possible causes include DNS issues on the sender's or recipient's side, or the domain may not exist.

May 2021 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus states that poor sender reputation can sometimes lead to emails being rejected with a 'domain not found' type of error, even if the domain is valid. Maintaining a good sender reputation is key.

August 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains that incorrect or missing DNS records, especially MX records, are a primary reason for 'domain not found' errors. The sending server relies on these records to route emails correctly.

March 2024 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum suggests that simple typos in the recipient's email address (particularly the domain part) can cause 'domain not found' errors. Double-checking the address is crucial.

November 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid explains that recently updated DNS records can experience propagation delays. If changes to MX, SPF, or DKIM records have been made, it can take time for the updates to be reflected across the internet, leading to temporary 'domain not found' issues.

December 2024 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests verifying that the sender's domain has proper SPF and DKIM records set up. Problems with these configurations can lead to deliverability issues and bouncebacks, particularly with stricter email providers.

May 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass advises that sending emails to old or invalid email addresses (which might no longer have valid domains) can lead to 'domain not found' errors. Cleaning email lists regularly is crucial.

March 2024 - GMass

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Emails soft bouncing to Apple domains with a 'domain not found' error can be attributed to issues with the sender's email configuration, specifically the absence of MX and A records for the 5322.from address, which Apple may be checking. Furthermore, bounce messages are not always accurate and other issues such as greylisting, temporary rejections, domain typos and sender reputation can play a role.

Key opinions

  • Missing MX/A Records: Apple may be rejecting emails if the 5322.from address lacks MX and A records. This lack of DNS records prevents mail servers from properly routing messages to the sending domain.
  • Inaccurate Bounce Messages: Bounce messages are not always accurate and further investigation into the root cause is required.
  • Other factors: Greylisting, temporary rejections, domain typos, and sender reputation can contribute to email bounces.

Key considerations

  • Check DNS Records: Verify that your 5322.from address has properly configured MX and A records. Ensure these records are correctly set up with your email service provider (e.g., Sendgrid).
  • Investigate Bounce Reasons: Don't rely solely on bounce messages, investigate bounce reasons thoroughly.
  • Sender Reputation: Monitor sender reputation as poor reputation can contribute to email bounces.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks confirms that the lack of A/MX records on the sending domain is the likely cause of the delivery failures to Apple.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that Apple might be rejecting emails because the 5322.from address (likely a CNAME to Sendgrid) lacks MX and A records, which is also a recommended practice to refuse mail.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Laura Atkins, explains that bounce messages might not always be accurate, and to investigate bounce reasons thoroughly. They also mention that greylisting, temporary rejections, and domain typos can lead to bounces and that sender reputation plays a crucial role.

August 2021 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

The documentation suggests that a 'domain not found' error when sending emails points to problems with the recipient's domain setup or temporary DNS resolution failures. This can range from simple typos to more complex DNS configuration issues. It is recommended to verify the recipient's email address and retry sending the message, acknowledging the error might also indicate a permanent failure if the domain does not exist or if DNS lookup consistently fails.

Key findings

  • Recipient Domain Issue: The primary cause is that the recipient's domain is not properly set up.
  • DNS Resolution Failure: The sender's mail server is unable to resolve the domain name to an IP address due to DNS configuration issues.
  • Permanent vs. Temporary: The error can indicate either a permanent failure (domain doesn't exist or DNS lookup consistently fails) or a temporary issue with the recipient's mail server.
  • SMTP Error Code: The 'domain not found' error is often represented by a 5xx SMTP code, indicating a permanent failure.
  • DNS Structure Dependency: The DNS system is hierarchical and relies on properly configured DNS records. Incorrect or missing configurations lead to resolution failures.

Key considerations

  • Verify Email Address: Double-check the recipient's email address for any typos.
  • Retry Sending: If the issue is suspected to be temporary, retry sending the message after a short delay.
  • Check Recipient Domain DNS: If the problem persists, investigate the recipient's domain's DNS configuration to ensure proper setup.
Technical article

Documentation from IANA details the DNS structure, explaining that the system is hierarchical and depends on properly configured DNS records for domains to be found. Incorrect or missing configurations will lead to resolution failures.

March 2024 - IANA
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor defines SMTP error codes. A 'domain not found' error, represented by a 5xx SMTP code, indicates a permanent failure because the domain does not exist or DNS lookup failed.

July 2022 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help states that a 'domain not found' error suggests issues with the recipient domain's DNS configuration. The sender's mail server can't resolve the domain name to an IP address.

December 2021 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Support suggests the error could be due to a temporary issue with the recipient's mail server. It recommends resending the message after a short delay.

March 2023 - Microsoft Support
Technical article

Documentation from Apple Support suggests a 'domain not found' error indicates the recipient's domain isn't properly set up. The sender should verify the recipient's email address and try again.

April 2024 - Apple Support