Why am I receiving DMARC failure reports when my email authentication seems correct?

Summary

DMARC failure reports, despite proper email authentication, often result from a combination of factors. The most prominent cause is email forwarding, which invalidates SPF as the forwarding server isn't authorized to send on behalf of the original domain. Other contributing factors include misconfigured SPF records, failing DKIM signatures (often due to DKIM key rotation issues), and alignment problems between the 'From:' domain and the domains used for SPF/DKIM. Furthermore, issues with hosted ESP configurations, incomplete DNS propagation, and stringent regional email provider rules can also trigger DMARC failures. Finally, recipient mail server policy settings, even when basic SPF/DKIM passes, can cause a DMARC failure if strict alignment is expected. Thorough auditing of sending sources, ensuring proper SPF/DKIM alignment, regularly checking DKIM signatures, and understanding recipient policy requirements are essential to address these issues.

Key findings

  • Forwarding: Email forwarding remains the primary culprit, as it breaks SPF by using an unauthorized sending server.
  • Alignment Problems: Misalignment between the 'From:' domain and SPF/DKIM domains is a key source of DMARC failure.
  • Configuration Errors: Misconfigured SPF records or failing DKIM signatures (including key rotation problems) contribute significantly.
  • Infrastructure Issues: Hosted ESP configurations with shared IPs and varying practices, along with DNS propagation delays, can trigger failures.
  • Policy Enforcement: Recipient server policies (strict vs. relaxed) and regional email regulations impact DMARC compliance.

Key considerations

  • Audit Sending Sources: Regularly audit all email sending sources to ensure accurate SPF/DKIM configuration.
  • Ensure Alignment: Verify that SPF and DKIM domains align correctly with the 'From:' domain.
  • Check DKIM: Regularly verify that DKIM signatures are valid, and keys are correctly rotated.
  • Review Policy: Review and adapt DMARC policy based on recipient requirements (strict vs. relaxed).
  • Monitor DNS: Utilize online tools to check DNS record propagation and ensure consistency.
  • Address Forwarding: Find ways to properly handle or avoid forwarding that breaks SPF, perhaps with authenticated forwarding mechanisms.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

DMARC failures, despite seemingly correct email authentication (SPF and DKIM), often stem from forwarding, which invalidates SPF by changing the sending server. Other causes include SPF and DKIM alignment issues, DKIM key rotation problems, multiple sending sources without proper configuration, incorrect DNS settings, hosted ESP configurations with shared IP addresses, non-propagated DNS records, and stricter regional email provider rules. Thorough auditing of sending sources, ensuring proper SPF/DKIM alignment, and reviewing DMARC policies are recommended.

Key opinions

  • Forwarding: Email forwarding is a primary cause of DMARC failures because it alters the sending server, invalidating SPF.
  • Alignment Issues: DMARC failures occur when the 'Return-Path' domain (for SPF) or the DKIM signature domain doesn't align with the 'From' domain.
  • ESP Configuration: Hosted ESP configurations with shared IP addresses and varying authentication practices can trigger DMARC failures.
  • DNS Propagation: Incomplete DNS record propagation can lead to DMARC failures despite correct configurations.
  • Regional Rules: Stricter email authentication rules from regional providers (e.g., in Europe or Asia) can cause DMARC failures.
  • Multiple Sending Sources: Using multiple email sending sources without proper SPF/DKIM configuration for each source can lead to DMARC failures.

Key considerations

  • Audit Sending Sources: Regularly audit all email sending sources and ensure they are properly configured with SPF and DKIM.
  • Ensure SPF/DKIM Alignment: Verify that SPF and DKIM are properly aligned with the 'From' domain to ensure DMARC compliance.
  • Review DMARC Policy: Periodically review your DMARC policy and authentication configurations to align with recipient server requirements.
  • Check DNS Records: Use online DMARC checkers to verify that DNS records are properly propagated across multiple locations.
  • Hosted ESP: Ensure your ESP properly supports DMARC and consider dedicated IP options.
  • Regional Compliance: Research and comply with specific regional email authentication requirements.
  • DKIM Keys: Monitor and properly rotate DKIM keys to prevent authentication failures.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains that the DMARC failure report may be a typical case of forwarding and if the email originated from the MS IP, it can be ignored.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ReturnPath shares that issues with hosted ESP configurations can trigger DMARC failures. This is often due to shared IP addresses and varying authentication practices among different senders on the same platform. They suggest ensuring your ESP properly supports DMARC and offers dedicated IP options.

March 2023 - ReturnPath
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow answers that DMARC failures can happen when email is forwarded, because the forwarding server is not authorized to send emails on behalf of your domain. As a result, the SPF record check will fail, and the DMARC policy will be triggered, generating a failure report.

February 2024 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from AuthSMTP shares that receiving DMARC failure reports despite correct authentication configurations could be because your configuration isn't fully propagated across all DNS servers. They suggest using online DMARC checkers to verify DNS records from multiple locations.

November 2024 - AuthSMTP
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that even with a valid SPF record, DMARC can fail if the 'Return-Path' domain (used for SPF checks) doesn't match the 'From' domain. They recommend ensuring SPF alignment by using a 'Return-Path' domain that matches the 'From' domain, often requiring a custom 'Return-Path' configuration.

November 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that a primary reason for receiving DMARC failure reports is email forwarding. When an email is forwarded, the SPF record check fails because the email is no longer being sent from an authorized server, and DMARC then flags the email as a failure.

August 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost explains that understanding SPF and DKIM alignment modes (strict vs. relaxed) is crucial for DMARC. If either SPF or DKIM is set to strict alignment and fails, DMARC will fail, even if the other passes with relaxed alignment. They suggest reviewing your DMARC policy and authentication configurations.

October 2023 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC explains that common causes for DMARC failure reports despite proper authentication include email forwarding, using multiple email sending sources without proper SPF/DKIM configuration for each, and incorrect DNS settings. They recommend auditing your sending sources and ensuring correct SPF/DKIM alignment.

November 2023 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailMarketingForum.com explains that some regional email providers (like in Europe or Asia) have stricter rules regarding email authentication. Failure to comply with these regional standards can cause DMARC failures, even if your general settings appear correct. They advise researching specific regional compliance requirements.

February 2023 - EmailMarketingForum.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that DMARC failures can happen even with correct SPF and DKIM records due to forwarding, which changes the sending server and invalidates SPF. They also mention issues with DKIM key rotation and alignment problems between the 'From' header and DKIM signature as potential causes.

March 2025 - Mailjet

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

DMARC failure reports, even with seemingly correct email authentication, can arise from several issues. These include outdated or misconfigured SPF records, failing DKIM signatures, and, most commonly, email forwarding. Forwarding breaks SPF because the forwarder is not authorized to send mail on behalf of the original domain. Ensuring correct SPF and DKIM configuration, particularly signing with the same domain as the 'From:' address, is crucial. Addressing forwarding issues or ensuring authorized forwarding setups are also key to resolving these failures.

Key opinions

  • Outdated SPF Records: Outdated or incorrect SPF records can lead to DMARC failures.
  • DKIM Signature Failures: Failing DKIM signatures contribute to DMARC failure reports.
  • Email Forwarding: Email forwarding is a common cause; it invalidates SPF because the forwarder isn't authorized.
  • Domain Alignment: DKIM signatures must align with the 'From:' address domain to pass DMARC checks.

Key considerations

  • Review SPF Records: Regularly review and update SPF records to ensure accuracy.
  • Check DKIM Signatures: Verify that DKIM signatures are valid and correctly configured.
  • Handle Forwarding: Address forwarding issues by authorizing forwarders or advising recipients not to forward emails.
  • Domain Alignment: Ensure the DKIM signing domain matches the domain in the 'From:' address.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that if you are seeing DMARC failures and your mail is forwarded, the issue is that forwarding changes the source IP address and breaks SPF. They also share that with DKIM, it's important to sign with the same domain as your From: address.

September 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains the user should delete the old SPF record and that the TXT record for email.kiusys.com is a broken DKIM entry, and provides the format it should look like.

April 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that the number one reason why DMARC fails even though SPF and DKIM pass is because of mail forwarding. This happens because the forwarder isn't authorized to use your domain.

February 2025 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that DKIM looks to be failing.

June 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

DMARC failure reports, despite seemingly correct email authentication, often point to discrepancies between the sender's claimed identity and the actual sending source. This can be due to forwarding, misconfigurations, or misaligned identifiers, where the domain in the 'From' header doesn't match the domains used for SPF or DKIM authentication. Issues can also arise from policy settings on the recipient's mail server. Reviewing message headers and ensuring consistent domain alignment are crucial for troubleshooting.

Key findings

  • Discrepancies in Identity: DMARC reports highlight discrepancies between the sender's claimed identity and the actual sending source.
  • Misaligned Identifiers: A primary cause is misaligned identifiers, where the 'From' domain doesn't match SPF or DKIM domains.
  • Configuration Issues: Misconfigured SPF records, DKIM signature issues, or non-compliant relay servers lead to failures.
  • Recipient Policy Settings: Recipient mail server policies can trigger failure reports, even with passing SPF/DKIM, if requirements aren't fully met.

Key considerations

  • Review Message Headers: Check the message header for detailed authentication results to pinpoint the failure's cause.
  • Ensure Domain Alignment: Maintain consistent domain alignment between the 'From' header and SPF/DKIM authentication.
  • Address Forwarding: Be mindful of email forwarding and its impact on SPF validation.
  • Adjust DMARC Policy: Consider adjusting your DMARC policy to meet common recipient server requirements.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that receiving DMARC reports indicates that emails are failing DMARC checks. Even if authentication seems correct, the reports highlight discrepancies between the sender's claimed identity and the actual sending source, often due to forwarding or misconfiguration.

August 2023 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org highlights that misaligned identifiers are a primary reason for DMARC failures. This happens when the domain in the 'From' header does not match the domain used for SPF or DKIM authentication. They also emphasize the importance of consistent domain alignment for successful DMARC validation.

June 2024 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that DMARC failures in Office 365 can occur due to various reasons, including misconfigured SPF records, DKIM signature issues, or emails being relayed through non-compliant servers. They advise checking the message header for detailed authentication results to identify the specific cause of the failure.

April 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC outlines that DMARC failure reports can also result from policy settings on the receiving end. If a recipient's mail server has a strict DMARC policy and your email does not fully align with their requirements (even if it passes basic SPF/DKIM), it can trigger failure reports. You may need to adjust your DMARC policy to match common receiving server requirements.

April 2023 - RFC-7489