When switching to a new subdomain for email, what warm-up process is required?

Summary

When transitioning to a new email subdomain, a warm-up process is vital to establish a positive sender reputation with ISPs. Although faster than IP warming due to the parent domain's reputation, subdomains possess distinct reputations. This involves gradually increasing sending volume, starting with engaged subscribers, while monitoring key metrics like open rates, bounces, and spam complaints using tools like Return Path or 250ok. Authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), maintaining clean lists, relevant content, and avoiding spam traps are critical. Initially, use 'p=none' in DMARC for data collection before stricter enforcement. The goal is to build domain authority and ensure deliverability to services like Outlook and Hotmail, following guidelines from resources like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft's sending guidelines.

Key findings

  • Independent Subdomain Reputation: Subdomains have distinct reputations from the parent domain and each other.
  • Faster Warmup than IP Warming: Subdomain warmups are generally faster due to the parent domain's established reputation but are still necessary.
  • Gradual Volume Increase is Crucial: Incrementally increase sending volume to engaged subscribers over time.
  • Sender Reputation is Key: A positive sender reputation is crucial for email deliverability.
  • Monitoring and Analysis: Monitoring deliverability metrics like open rates, bounces, and spam complaints is essential for success.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Setup: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for email authentication.
  • List Hygiene: Maintain a clean email list to avoid spam traps and reduce bounce rates.
  • Content Relevance: Create relevant and engaging content to encourage opens and clicks.
  • Monitor sender reputation: Understanding how sender reputation works and how it impacts your deliverability is important and using tools is advised.
  • Tool Utilization: Leverage tools such as Google Postmaster Tools or ReturnPath for detailed deliverability insights.
  • Segmentation: Prioritizing sending to your most engaged subscribers first.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

Warming up a new subdomain for email involves establishing a positive sending reputation with ISPs, similar to IP warming but often faster due to leveraging the main domain's reputation. This process requires a gradual increase in sending volume, starting with highly engaged subscribers, while closely monitoring deliverability metrics. Proper email authentication, avoiding spam traps, and maintaining content relevancy are crucial for success.

Key opinions

  • Faster Warmup: Subdomain warmup is generally faster than IP warmup due to the established reputation of the parent domain.
  • Gradual Volume Increase: Gradually increase sending volume over time, starting with highly engaged users.
  • Monitoring Metrics: Closely monitor key metrics like open rates, click-through rates, bounce rates, and spam complaints to assess warmup progress.
  • Email Authentication: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential to ensure emails are trusted by ISPs.
  • Engagement matters: High engagement indicates the content is valuable to your customers. Focus on content relevancy and timing to increase engagement.

Key considerations

  • Deliverability Tools: Use monitoring tools to track deliverability and adjust the warmup strategy as needed.
  • List Hygiene: Avoid spam traps by ensuring your email lists are clean, permission-based, and regularly maintained.
  • Content Relevancy: Send highly engaging, personalized content to encourage opens and clicks.
  • Domain vs IP: Even with a pre-existing IP reputation, the subdomain needs its own warmup plan.
  • Aggressiveness: Although subdomain warmups can be faster, avoid being too aggressive initially with volumes. Start low and increase slowly.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Woodpecker shares that the goal is to gradually build a positive sending reputation and domain authority.

March 2021 - Woodpecker
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid recommends proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) for your new subdomain as a vital part of the warmup process, ensuring your emails are trusted by ISPs.

March 2022 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that in most cases, domain warmup is much shorter than IP warmup and may take a few days, while IP warmups are more likely to take weeks. Each situation is different.

September 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that a subdomain warmup strategy includes sending to your most engaged subscribers first, gradually increasing volume, and monitoring key metrics like open rates and bounce rates. Segment your lists and tailor content to ensure high engagement during the warmup period.

May 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that content relevancy is essential during subdomain warmup. Send highly engaging, personalized content to encourage opens and clicks, signaling to ISPs that your emails are valuable.

April 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that warming up a subdomain is similar to warming up an IP, but typically faster because you're leveraging the reputation of the main domain. Still, you need to gradually increase volume and monitor deliverability.

February 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow explains that during subdomain warmup, it's crucial to avoid spam traps by ensuring your email lists are clean, permission-based, and regularly maintained. Sending to spam traps will damage your reputation.

January 2024 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperOffice shares that high engagement indicates the content is valuable to your customers. Focus on content relevancy and timing to increase engagement.

March 2023 - SuperOffice
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that if the IPs are the same, the warm-up period will likely be shorter, but you still have to warm up the new subdomain.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid shares that domain warmup typically involves several phases, starting with low sending volumes to highly engaged users, gradually increasing volume and broadening the recipient base. Monitor engagement metrics at each phase and adjust your strategy as needed.

November 2021 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass shares that monitoring key metrics like open rates, click-through rates, bounce rates, and spam complaints is essential during subdomain warmup. Use this data to adjust your sending strategy and ensure positive engagement.

April 2023 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that you could be more aggressive with the warm-up speed, but you should use a monitoring tool like Return Path or 250ok to make sure the warm-up is going well and help you make decisions like whether or not you want to speed up or slow down.

September 2022 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

When switching to a new subdomain for email, it's crucial to understand that subdomains possess independent reputations, distinct from each other and the parent domain. While the overall organization's reputation provides a foundation, a new subdomain requires its own warm-up process, akin to IP warming. Therefore, carefully monitoring the subdomain's sender reputation and utilizing appropriate tools is essential for ensuring deliverability.

Key opinions

  • Independent Reputation: Subdomains have their own unique reputations.
  • Similar to IP Warming: The warm-up process for a subdomain is similar to IP warming.
  • Baseline Influence: The overall organization's reputation provides a starting point for the subdomain.

Key considerations

  • Reputation Monitoring: Continuously monitor the subdomain's sender reputation.
  • Tool Utilization: Use tools to track and manage sender reputation.
  • Deliverability Impact: Sender reputation directly affects email deliverability.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that subdomains have different reputations from each other.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that understanding how sender reputation works and how it impacts your deliverability is important. They also suggest using tools to look at your sender reputation.

June 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that warming a subdomain is similar to IP warming but that the overall organization still has a reputation, so you're starting from a slightly different baseline. Also, that one needs to monitor sending reputation.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Warming up a new subdomain requires establishing a positive sender reputation with ISPs through a gradual increase in sending volume, starting with small amounts. Monitoring deliverability metrics and adhering to email authentication best practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are critical, along with maintaining good list hygiene and avoiding spam complaints. Google's Postmaster Tools, Microsoft's sending guidelines, and DMARC policies (starting with 'p=none' for data collection) are important resources.

Key findings

  • Gradual Volume: Warming up involves gradually increasing sending volume over time.
  • Sender Reputation: Domain and sender reputation are crucial for deliverability.
  • Authentication: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential.

Key considerations

  • Deliverability Metrics: Monitor deliverability metrics to track progress.
  • List Hygiene: Maintain good list hygiene to avoid spam complaints.
  • Policy enforcement: Implement and refine DMARC policies to protect against phishing and improve deliverability.
  • Domain Authorisation: Correctly specify which mail servers are authorised to send emails on behalf of your domain in your SPF records.
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that domain reputation is a key factor in deliverability. Monitor your domain's reputation in Postmaster Tools and ensure you're following best practices for email authentication and list hygiene during the warmup process.

November 2023 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that a correct SPF record is essential during a domain/subdomain warmup, explicitly specifying which mail servers are authorized to send emails on behalf of your domain.

October 2021 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that sender reputation is crucial for deliverability to Outlook and Hotmail users. Maintain a good sender reputation by authenticating your email, avoiding spam complaints, and following Microsoft's sending guidelines during the subdomain warmup.

May 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that warming up a subdomain involves gradually increasing sending volume over time to establish a positive reputation with ISPs. Start with small volumes and monitor deliverability metrics.

November 2024 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that using a DMARC policy of 'p=none' allows you to collect data to help improve results. Then set DMARC to quarantine or reject to protect you from phishing.

March 2023 - DMARC.org