When a recipient uses Gmail list-unsubscribe, can I control which subscriptions they are opted-out from?

Summary

While Gmail offers a user-friendly List-Unsubscribe option, senders retain significant control over the experience. Experts and marketers emphasize the importance of implementing your own unsubscribe logic, often directing users to a preference center where they can manage subscriptions granularly. The List-Unsubscribe header allows flexibility, enabling senders to offer single or multiple opt-out options. RFC specifications and Google's developer documentation outline the standards and sender responsibilities. Consideration should be given to how Gmail potentially tracks mailstreams after unsubscribe, and how these requests may stem from spam complaints.

Key findings

  • Sender Has Control: The sender ultimately controls the unsubscribe experience through the implementation of the List-Unsubscribe header and server-side handling.
  • Preference Centers are Key: Preference centers are highly recommended for allowing users to manage their subscriptions and avoid complete opt-outs.
  • Technical Flexibility: The List-Unsubscribe header allows for multiple unsubscribe mechanisms and customizable handling.
  • Consent is Paramount: Proper list management should tie each list to a specific consent, so one unsubscribe removes from lists tied to that consent.

Key considerations

  • Server Implementation: Carefully design and implement your server-side handling of unsubscribe requests to provide a positive and compliant user experience.
  • User Expectations: Ensure user expectations are met regarding which subscriptions are affected by a given unsubscribe request.
  • Gmail Reputation: Be aware that Gmail might track mailstreams after an unsubscribe, and continuing to send email could negatively impact your sender reputation.
  • Complaint Handling: Treat Gmail unsubscribes with care as they could be initiated when a recipient marks an email as spam.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

When a recipient uses Gmail's list-unsubscribe feature, you can control the opt-out experience. This is typically achieved by directing users to a preference center where they can manage their subscriptions granularly, instead of a global unsubscribe. The List-Unsubscribe header allows you to link to your own application to handle unsubscribe requests as you wish. It's crucial to honor user preferences for better engagement and to avoid being marked as spam. Implementing these controls requires you to manage the unsubscribe process through your own IT/ESP setup.

Key opinions

  • Control Via Implementation: The level of control over the unsubscribe process depends on your implementation of the List-Unsubscribe header.
  • Preference Centers: Preference centers are vital for allowing users to manage subscriptions and avoid a complete opt-out.
  • Customer Experience: Giving users control over their subscriptions improves customer experience and engagement.
  • Consent Management: Each subscription list should ideally correspond to a separate consent. One unsubscribe request should remove users from all lists associated with that consent.

Key considerations

  • IT/ESP Management: Carefully implement your own unsubscribe logic and preference management through your IT/ESP setup.
  • Expectations: Ensure the user experience aligns with user expectations. A 'list-unsubscribe' should unsubscribe from the specific list in question, but clearly communicate the impact of unsubscribing.
  • Gmail Tracking: Gmail may track mailstreams after an unsubscribe, so avoid sending emails to users who have unsubscribed via Gmail's interface.
  • Treat as Complaint: Treat Gmail unsubscribes as a partial complaint, as some users may select this option after clicking 'report spam'.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that list-unsubscribe is designated for the list in question. It is up to your IT/ESP to implement but recommend being really careful as you have no possibility to set expectations with the recipient who just might think he unsubed from all and could be rather unhappy with the next mail

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that best practice is to always include a List-Unsubscribe header and provide clear options for users to manage their subscriptions. Directing users to a preference center gives you the most control.

February 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Tips shares that from a customer experience perspective it is always better to give your users control to manage their preferences and subscriptions, rather than forcing a complete opt-out.

March 2022 - Email Marketing Tips
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that you can control the subscriptions a user is opted-out of by utilizing a preference center. When setting up List-Unsubscribe headers, link to your preference center rather than the one click unsubscribe option. They can then choose which email marketing preferences they wish to opt out of

September 2021 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid says preference centers will allow users to select which emails they want to receive and which ones they don't. By providing that ability and honoring it, you can retain subscribers longer and increase engagement.

March 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora explains that you control the unsubscribe options by the setup. This means you can manage a single opt-out or multiple options by linking to a well designed preference page.

March 2024 - Quora
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that list-unsubscribe management needs to be handled on the sender's end. They suggest encoding a list ID or mailstream ID in the unsubscribe URL or mailto link and building logic to manage preferences. Some ESPs offer this functionality, but usability varies.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains his company unsubscribes users from all lists the target campaign included. If the user wants to unsubscribe from individual lists, they can use the unsubscribe form to select specific lists.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that the List-Unsubscribe header can contain either a mailto: or an http: link. The linked address on unsubscribe should be your own application to handle the unsubscribe requests as you wish.

December 2024 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that while Gmail's one-click unsubscribe is convenient, you have control over the process if you implement it yourself. They suggest directing users to a preference center where they can manage their subscriptions granularly.

January 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that proper usage of lists is one consent given for each subscription list. Getting one consent, then putting the address in three lists, means that one unsub should remove from all three lists.

July 2022 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

The expert consensus is that senders have a significant degree of control over the Gmail list-unsubscribe experience. You can handle unsubscribes in various ways, directing users to preference centers or managing them as a single opt-out. However, it's crucial to be aware that Gmail might track mailstreams after an unsubscribe, and that some unsubscribes originate from users marking emails as spam. Therefore, handling unsubscribes thoughtfully is vital for maintaining a good sender reputation.

Key opinions

  • Sender Control: The sender ultimately controls how the unsubscribe request is handled.
  • Preference Centers: Preference centers offer a nuanced way to manage user subscriptions instead of a complete opt-out.
  • One-Click vs. In-Body: Without one-click unsubscribes, your in-body unsubscribe link works the same, allowing for more options.
  • Gmail Tracking: Gmail likely tracks mailstreams after a user unsubscribes, so continuing to send emails may negatively impact your reputation.

Key considerations

  • Reputation: Be aware of Gmail's potential tracking of mailstreams and prioritize maintaining a positive sender reputation.
  • Partial Complaint: Treat Gmail unsubscribes as potential complaints, as they may stem from users marking emails as spam.
  • User Experience: Carefully consider the user experience and the legal implications of continuing to send emails after a user has requested to unsubscribe.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suspects Gmail tracks mailstreams after a user has unsubscribed and sees continuing mail after a user has used the - google brokered - unsubscription option that probably won't be a positive for your mail stream reputation.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that the sender controls the subscription management and can handle clicks on the list-unsubscribe header or the mailto: link in any manner they choose.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that list-unsubscribe is more nuanced than a simple binary choice, you can control the experience to some degree. For example, when someone hits the Gmail list-unsubscribe button, you can send them to an email preference center rather than fully unsubscribing them.

May 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains if you're not using one-click unsubscribes then it's just the same as a click on your in-body unsub link, or can be if you so choose, and you can offer them more options.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises clients to treat Gmail unsubscribes as a partial complaint because some come when the user hits “this is spam” and Gmail says “want us to send an unsub request?”

April 2023 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
3Technical articles

The documentation indicates that while Gmail provides a user-friendly List-Unsubscribe option, senders retain control over the handling of these requests. The List-Unsubscribe header, as defined in RFC 2369, allows for multiple unsubscribe mechanisms, offering flexibility. RFC 8058 standardizes one-click unsubscribe, empowering the recipient to initiate the process but leaving server-side handling to the sender's implementation.

Key findings

  • Sender Implementation Matters: The actual handling of the unsubscribe request (single opt-out or preference options) is determined by the sender's server-side implementation.
  • Multiple Mechanisms Allowed: The List-Unsubscribe header supports multiple unsubscribe mechanisms.
  • Recipient-Initiated: RFC 8058's one-click unsubscribe empowers the recipient to initiate the process.

Key considerations

  • Server-Side Handling: Carefully design your server-side implementation to handle unsubscribe requests according to your desired user experience and compliance requirements.
  • Flexibility and Choice: Consider offering multiple unsubscribe options to cater to different user preferences.
  • RFC Compliance: Adhere to the RFC specifications for the List-Unsubscribe header to ensure compatibility and proper functionality.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 2369 explains the format and semantics of the List-Unsubscribe header. It specifies that the header can contain multiple unsubscribe mechanisms, giving the sender flexibility. However, it doesn't dictate the behavior of email clients when multiple options are present.

April 2022 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 8058 describes a method for one-click unsubscribe. This document is aimed at standardizing unsubscribe requests. It gives the recipient/client the power to control the actual unsubscribe action.

April 2023 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google Developers explains that the List-Unsubscribe header allows users to easily unsubscribe from mailing lists. While Gmail provides a one-click unsubscribe option, the actual handling of the unsubscribe request (single opt-out or options) depends on the sender's server-side implementation.

January 2023 - Google Developers