What words and practices should be avoided in email subject lines?

Summary

To optimize email deliverability and engagement, avoid spam trigger words ('free,' 'urgent'), misleading subject lines, lack of personalization, excessive capitalization/punctuation, false promises, clickbait tactics, and URL shorteners. Adhere to email standards, avoiding specific characters that cause parsing issues. Use concise subject lines (around 50 characters), A/B test, use supported characters and preheader text. Proper authentication is key. Be wary of outdated advice like the pink background/AOL myth.

Key findings

  • Spam Triggers: Spam trigger words and excessive punctuation negatively impact deliverability.
  • Misleading Subjects: Misleading subject lines damage sender reputation and lead to unsubscribes.
  • Character Issues: Certain characters and encoding issues can cause parsing problems.
  • All Caps: All caps and excessive punctuation make emails look like spam.
  • URL Shorteners: URL shorteners are viewed suspiciously by spam filters.
  • Conciseness: Concise subject lines (around 50 characters) are best for mobile.

Key considerations

  • Personalization: Personalize greetings to improve engagement.
  • False Promises: Avoid false promises to maintain trust.
  • Authentication: Ensure proper authentication to bypass spam filters.
  • A/B Testing: A/B test subject lines for optimal open rates.
  • Preheader Text: Utilize preheader text to supplement the subject line.
  • Character Support: Use supported characters to ensure proper rendering.
  • Outdated Advice: Be aware of outdated advice that is no longer valid.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Email subject lines should avoid spam trigger words, misleading content, lack of personalization, excessive capitalization/punctuation, false promises, and clickbait tactics. Concise subject lines (around 50 characters) are best for mobile readability. A/B testing, proper character usage, and utilizing preheader text are recommended for optimization.

Key opinions

  • Spam Triggers: Using spam trigger words negatively impacts deliverability.
  • Misleading Content: Misleading subject lines damage sender reputation.
  • Excessive Caps/Punctuation: All caps and excessive punctuation can look like spam.
  • Conciseness: Subject lines should be concise (around 50 characters).

Key considerations

  • Personalization: Personalize greetings to increase engagement.
  • False Promises: Avoid making false promises to maintain trust.
  • A/B Testing: A/B test subject lines to optimize open rates.
  • Preheader Text: Utilize preheader text to supplement the subject line.
  • Character Usage: Use supported characters to ensure correct rendering.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains that neglecting preheader text is a missed opportunity; use it to supplement the subject line.

July 2023 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum explains that making false promises or exaggerating claims in subject lines can lead to distrust and unsubscribes.

September 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Moosend advises that avoiding clickbait tactics and being transparent about the email's content is key for building trust.

December 2022 - Moosend
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's Blog explains that using spam trigger words like 'free,' 'urgent,' and excessive punctuation can negatively impact deliverability.

December 2021 - Neil Patel's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp explains that misleading subject lines that don't accurately reflect the email's content can damage sender reputation and lead to unsubscribes.

February 2022 - Mailchimp
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue explains that keeping subject lines concise (around 50 characters) is important for readability on mobile devices.

January 2025 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot Blog shares that avoiding personalization or using generic greetings can reduce engagement and make emails appear less relevant.

December 2022 - HubSpot Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that using unsupported characters can cause subject lines to render incorrectly, so stick to common characters.

May 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that using all caps or excessive exclamation points in subject lines can make emails look like spam and reduce open rates.

April 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor suggests that A/B testing different subject lines is helpful for identifying what resonates with your audience and improves open rates.

August 2022 - Campaign Monitor

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Email subject lines should avoid spammy words like 'FREE' and excessive punctuation (!!!). Misleading subject lines are harmful. Using all caps can trigger spam filters. URL shorteners are suspicious. A/B testing is useful. Old advice about pink backgrounds and AOL blocking is no longer valid.

Key opinions

  • Spam Words: Avoid using words like 'FREE' and excessive punctuation.
  • Misleading Subjects: Misleading subject lines damage sender reputation.
  • All Caps: Using all caps can trigger spam filters.
  • URL Shorteners: URL shorteners in subject lines are suspicious.

Key considerations

  • A/B Testing: A/B test subject lines to optimize results.
  • Outdated Advice: Avoid outdated advice, such as the AOL pink background myth.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that you shouldn’t use FREE or !!! in the subject line, based on something read on the internet.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that using all caps in subject lines is generally seen as shouting and can trigger spam filters.

August 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares not to use a pink background and that AOL blocks mail with a pink background is old folklore that's wrong.

February 2025 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds by sharing that using URL shorteners in subject lines or the email body can be seen as suspicious and should be avoided.

November 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds by sharing A/B testing to discover what subject lines are best to improve your metrics and results.

March 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that using intentionally misleading subject lines to entice opens is a harmful practice and can damage your sender reputation.

June 2021 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
3Technical articles

Email subject lines should adhere to email standards and avoid certain characters and formatting practices that could cause parsing or display issues. Avoiding spam triggers and ensuring proper authentication also helps improve deliverability.

Key findings

  • Email Standards: Adhering to email standards improves deliverability.
  • Character Issues: Certain characters and formatting can cause parsing problems.
  • Spam Triggers: Avoiding spam triggers is essential for deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Ensure proper authentication to avoid spam filters.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Documentation explains that adhering to email standards (like avoiding certain characters and encoding issues) is important for deliverability.

January 2023 - Microsoft Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that certain characters and formatting practices should be avoided as they could cause issues with email parsing and display in some systems.

April 2023 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools shares that avoiding spam triggers and ensuring proper authentication can help avoid spam filters.

June 2024 - Google Postmaster Tools