What is the best IP network configuration and email volume strategy for email service providers to avoid deliverability issues?

Summary

To effectively manage email deliverability for ESPs, a multifaceted approach is essential. A well-structured IP network configuration is paramount, opting for larger IP ranges like a single /22 over multiple smaller ones to reduce maintenance and avoid being flagged as a snowshoe spammer. New IP addresses should undergo gradual warm-up with low initial volumes. Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and accurate reverse DNS configuration are critical. Monitoring IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools is crucial for identifying issues. Sending practices should be refined by segmenting lists for relevant content, separating IP pools for transactional vs. marketing emails, and actively managing complaint rates by removing disengaged subscribers. Engagement based filtering makes engagement levels with emails very important, so maintain good engagement. Volume should be carefully managed, using one or two IPs for large sends (e.g., 500k emails daily), and feedback loops should be implemented to address complaints promptly. The fundamental goal is to maintain a positive sender reputation through consistent, legitimate, and well-managed sending practices.

Key findings

  • IP Range Optimization: Using a larger IP range (e.g., /22) is preferable to multiple smaller ranges to simplify management and avoid spam flagging.
  • Gradual IP Warm-up: New IP addresses must be gradually warmed up to establish a positive sender reputation with ISPs.
  • Email Authentication: Implementing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is critical for email authentication and preventing spoofing.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Monitoring IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools is vital for identifying deliverability issues.
  • List Segmentation: Segmenting email lists and sending relevant content reduces the likelihood of spam complaints.
  • IP Pool Separation: Using separate IP pools for transactional and marketing emails prevents marketing issues from affecting critical transactional deliveries.
  • Complaint Management: Monitoring and managing complaint rates, and engagement with emails is crucial; removing disengaged subscribers is recommended.
  • Right IPs for volumes: Use only a couple of IPs for large volumes

Key considerations

  • Infrastructure Design: Prioritize a well-planned IP network configuration to facilitate efficient email sending and management.
  • Authentication Protocols: Ensure all sending domains and IPs are properly authenticated using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to prevent deliverability issues.
  • Sending Practices: Adopt responsible sending practices by segmenting lists, managing volumes, and providing relevant content to engaged recipients.
  • Monitoring and Analysis: Establish a process for continuously monitoring IP and domain reputation, complaint rates, and engagement metrics to proactively identify and address deliverability issues.
  • IP Volumes: IP volumes should be planned, ramped and increased gradually. Don't use too many IPs
  • Use feedback loops: Ensure you are using feedback loops to track spam complaints.

What email marketers say
7Marketer opinions

To optimize email deliverability, email service providers (ESPs) should prioritize maintaining a positive sender reputation through consistent sending volumes, low complaint rates, and proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). Key strategies include segmenting email lists to send relevant content, separating IP pools for transactional and marketing emails, warming up new IPs gradually with low initial volumes, and using dedicated IPs for greater control over reputation, especially for high-volume senders. Starting with a small range of IPs and expanding as needed is also recommended, alongside monitoring and managing complaint rates to maintain a healthy sender reputation and cleaning email lists regularly to remove disengaged subscribers.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Maintaining a good sender reputation is crucial for deliverability. This includes consistent sending volume and low complaint rates.
  • Email Authentication: Properly authenticating emails with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is essential to prevent spoofing and improve deliverability.
  • List Segmentation: Segmenting email lists ensures relevant content is sent to specific audiences, reducing the likelihood of spam complaints.
  • IP Pools: Using separate IP pools for transactional and marketing emails isolates reputation risks, preventing marketing issues from affecting critical transactional deliveries.
  • IP Warmup: Warming up new IPs gradually with low sending volumes is crucial for establishing a positive sender reputation with ISPs.
  • Dedicated vs. Shared IPs: Dedicated IPs offer more control over sender reputation and are recommended for high-volume ESPs, while shared IPs are suitable for smaller senders.
  • IP Range: Starting with a small IP range (e.g., /24) and expanding as needed provides a controlled approach to infrastructure scaling.
  • Complaint Rates: Monitoring and managing complaint rates are vital, cleaning your email lists regularly to remove disengaged subscribers.

Key considerations

  • Consistency: Ensure consistent sending volumes to establish a predictable sending pattern, aiding in building trust with ISPs.
  • Relevance: Prioritize sending relevant content to engaged subscribers to minimize spam complaints and maximize positive engagement.
  • Scalability: Plan for infrastructure scalability by starting with a manageable IP range and expanding as sending volumes increase.
  • Monitoring: Continuously monitor sender reputation, complaint rates, and blocklist status to proactively address and mitigate deliverability issues.
  • Dedicated vs Shared IPs: Consider your email volume when deciding between shared and dedicated IPs. Dedicated IPs are better for high volume emails.
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow explains that when warming up new IPs, start with very small sending volumes (e.g., a few hundred emails per day) and gradually increase it. Monitor the IPs in blocklist services and ensure you aren't appearing on any blacklists.

April 2023 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid explains list segmentation helps to improve deliverability by sending relevant content to specific audiences. This reduces the likelihood of recipients marking emails as spam.

April 2024 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperUser.com explains that it's better to use a small range of IPs initially and grow as required. Starting with a /24 range and then expanding if needed is a sensible approach.

February 2024 - SuperUser.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that maintaining a good sender reputation is key. This involves sending consistent volume, having low complaint rates, and authenticating emails with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.

December 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps shares the importance of monitoring and managing complaint rates. High complaint rates negatively impact sender reputation. Clean your email lists regularly to remove disengaged subscribers.

July 2022 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit answers that using separate IP pools for transactional and marketing emails is a good strategy. If the marketing emails get a lot of spam complaints it wont affect transactional emails.

April 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailDeliverabilityForum.com shares that using dedicated IPs gives you more control over your sender reputation, it can improve deliverability. Shared IPs are fine if you are just getting started or don't send a lot of mail, but dedicated IPs are better for ESPs with high volumes.

October 2024 - EmailDeliverabilityForum.com

What the experts say
8Expert opinions

To optimize email deliverability, ESPs should prioritize a clean IP network configuration, including using a single /22 IP range instead of numerous smaller ranges to avoid being flagged as a snowshoe spammer. High email volumes (e.g., 500k daily) should be sent from a limited number of IPs (one or two). It is critical to address the underlying causes of complaints and unwanted mail as identified through feedback loops, as backoff modes indicate blocking for unwanted content. Engagement based filtering highlights the importance of maintaining good engagement and removing unengaged subscribers. Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and infrastructure setup are also paramount to avoid deliverability issues.

Key opinions

  • IP Range Configuration: A single /22 IP range is preferable to numerous smaller ranges (e.g., /27s) for better manageability and to avoid being perceived as a snowshoe spammer.
  • Email Volume per IP: High email volumes (e.g., 500k daily) should be sent from a limited number of IPs (one or two) to avoid deliverability issues.
  • Complaint Resolution: Addressing the root causes of complaints, such as content issues, is crucial for improving deliverability and avoiding backoff modes.
  • Engagement Matters: Engagement based filtering means you need to remove unengaged subscribers to improve placement.
  • Proper Authentication: Utilizing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is paramount in avoiding deliverability issues.

Key considerations

  • Maintenance Overhead: Opt for larger IP ranges to reduce maintenance overhead and the likelihood of configuration errors.
  • Snowshoe Spamming: Avoid using multiple scattered IP ranges that might mimic snowshoe spamming tactics.
  • Content Quality: Ensure email content, links, and sending domains are not contributing to high complaint rates.
  • Feedback Loop Monitoring: Implement feedback loops to identify and address complaints, improving sender reputation.
  • IP reputation: Good engagement helps improve placement and means fewer spam complaints will occur.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks answers that for sending 500k emails daily to Yahoo/AOL, one or two IPs should be used, not 10 or 50.

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that engagement-based filtering at mailbox providers greatly affects deliverability. Maintaining good engagement with your audience and removing unengaged subscribers helps improve placement in inboxes rather than spam folders.

August 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource recommends utilizing feedback loops to track complaints. They share that using feedback loops you'll know which recipients marked your messages as spam. Addressing these complaints is vital for maintaining a good sender reputation.

November 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that a single /22 IP range is better than 32 /27s for ESPs because it reduces maintenance overhead. A single /22 is marginally better than four /24s because less likely to break something.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that being in back off mode means the sender has been blocked for sending unwanted mail and that stopping sending unwanted mail is the solution.

December 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that using multiple scattered /27 IP ranges can make traffic look like a snowshoe spammer.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource emphasizes that proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and correct infrastructure setup are critical. They explain that failing to authenticate your email properly will result in deliverability issues, especially with major mailbox providers.

February 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains complaint rates may be about the content of the message, the links in the message or the sending domains and that fixing the reason why people are reporting mail as unwanted is key. They also stated Yahoo isn’t going to accept mail any faster if sender tries to snowshoe.

January 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

To ensure optimal email deliverability, documentation from various sources emphasizes key technical configurations. Gradual IP warm-up is essential for new IP addresses, building sender reputation over time. Setting up SPF records correctly authorizes IP addresses to send emails on behalf of a domain, preventing spoofing. Monitoring IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools provides valuable insights into deliverability issues. Matching reverse DNS entries to the sending domain and using forward confirmed reverse DNS helps avoid blocks.

Key findings

  • IP Warm-up: Gradual IP warm-up over several weeks is crucial for building a positive sender reputation.
  • SPF Records: Correctly configuring SPF records is vital for authorizing sending IP addresses and preventing email spoofing.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Using Google Postmaster Tools helps monitor IP and domain reputation, providing insights into deliverability issues.
  • Reverse DNS: Matching reverse DNS entries to the sending domain and using forward confirmed reverse DNS is important to avoid being blocked.

Key considerations

  • Ramping: Implement a gradual ramp up of email volume of new IPs
  • Authentication Standards: Ensure all sending domains and IPs are properly authenticated using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to prevent deliverability issues.
  • Reputation Tracking: Establish a process for continuously monitoring IP and domain reputation to identify and address deliverability issues proactively.
  • Technical Accuracy: Verify that reverse DNS entries are accurately configured and match the sending domain to avoid deliverability blocks.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that it's very important to make sure reverse DNS entries match the sending domain and that forward confirmed reverse DNS is used. Make sure the hostname in the banner matches what the reverse DNS shows or your emails will be blocked.

May 2022 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools explains the value of using Google Postmaster Tools to monitor IP reputation and domain reputation. This provides insights into deliverability issues with Gmail users.

March 2024 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains how to set up SPF (Sender Policy Framework) records correctly. SPF records authorize specific IP addresses to send emails on behalf of a domain, which helps prevent spoofing and improves deliverability.

August 2022 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that a gradual IP warmup is crucial for new IP addresses. Starting with low volumes and gradually increasing it over several weeks helps build a positive reputation with ISPs.

December 2022 - SparkPost