What filtering methods do Optimum, Windstream, and CenturyLink use for email, and how can I troubleshoot content-related blocks?

Summary

ISPs like Optimum, Windstream, and CenturyLink utilize a mix of home-grown filtering, Spamhaus, Spamcop, internal blacklists, and SpamAssassin with custom rules. Content-related blocks are often triggered by specific words, problematic attachments, aggressive messaging, or poor sender reputation. Troubleshooting involves checking blacklists, analyzing content and headers for triggers, understanding SMTP error codes, authenticating email with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, warming up new IPs and domains, managing sending volumes, and adhering to acceptable use policies.

Key findings

  • Filtering Variety: ISPs employ a variety of filtering methods, including home-grown systems and third-party blacklists.
  • Content Sensitivity: Content, including specific words, links, and attachments, significantly impacts filtering.
  • Reputation Matters: Sender reputation is crucial; a poor reputation leads to blocks and deliverability issues.
  • Authentication is Key: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential for improving deliverability.
  • Email Warmup Required: Email Warmup has become a requirement to ensure deliverability on new IP addresses and new sending domains.

Key considerations

  • Blacklist Monitoring: Regularly check your IP against known blacklists and take steps to delist if necessary.
  • Content Optimization: Use spam checker tools to identify and remove problematic content before sending.
  • Authentication Implementation: Implement and properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your email and establish trust.
  • Sending Volume Awareness: Manage sending volumes to prevent blocks, especially when using new IPs or domains.
  • Policy Compliance: Adhere to ISP acceptable use policies to avoid account penalties.
  • Error Code Analysis: Pay attention to SMTP error codes for troubleshooting email delivery problems.
  • Domain and IP Warmup: Warmup your domain and IP slowly when starting a new email sending process to ensure a smooth delivery.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

ISPs like Optimum, Windstream, and CenturyLink employ a combination of methods to filter email, including Spamhaus, Spamcop, internal blacklists, and SpamAssassin with customized rules. Content-related blocks often result from trigger words, problematic attachments, or poor sender reputation. Troubleshooting involves checking blacklists, analyzing SMTP error codes, using spam checker tools, authenticating email with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, warming up new IPs/domains, and ensuring consistent sending volumes.

Key opinions

  • Filtering Methods: These ISPs use a mix of Spamhaus, Spamcop, internal blacklists, and SpamAssassin.
  • Content Triggers: Blocks often stem from trigger words, executable attachments, or problematic phrases.
  • Reputation Matters: Sender reputation is crucial; a poor reputation leads to blocks.
  • Authentication: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) helps improve deliverability.
  • Email Warmup: Email Warmup helps prevent blocks and improve deliverability on new IP addresses and new sending domains.

Key considerations

  • Blacklist Checks: Regularly check your IP against known blacklists (Spamhaus, Spamcop).
  • Content Analysis: Use spam checker tools to identify and remove problematic content before sending.
  • Authentication Setup: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your email and improve sender reputation. Properly setup SPF to define all allowed subnets to send email from.
  • Email Warmup Scheduling: Gradually increase sending volumes when using new IPs or domains to establish a positive sending history.
  • Monitor Sending Volumes: Monitor sending volumes to prevent blocks and improve deliverability.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Deliverability Blog shares that improving sender reputation is crucial to avoid blocks. She recommends authenticating your email with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, and consistently sending valuable content to engaged subscribers.

May 2023 - Email Deliverability Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit r/emailmarketing shares that smaller ISPs like Optimum, Windstream, and CenturyLink often use a combination of Spamhaus, Spamcop, and internal blacklists. They recommend checking your IP against these blacklists first.

August 2022 - Reddit r/emailmarketing
Marketer view

Email marketer from indiehackers.com says that another aspect to also consider is email warm up, especially on new IP addresses and new sending domains. ISP's use a metric called sending volume which can be a trigger for their spam filters. He recommends slowly increasing email sending volumes when starting.

March 2023 - indiehackers.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum answers that content-related blocks often stem from trigger words or phrases that these ISPs flag as spam. He suggests using a spam checker tool to identify problematic content before sending.

April 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that if its content filtering he can assist by debugging using IPs and Subject lines.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from quora.com answers that Optimum email blocks can be annoying if sending from different subnets as it can cause spam filters to kick in, this can be mitigated with correct SPF records to define the allowed subnets.

December 2024 - quora.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow explains that if CenturyLink is your email provider and you are getting blocked it would be best to setup SPF and DKIM records. These records are used by receiving mail servers to ensure that a message really came from your domain and wasn't forged or spoofed.

June 2023 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from cyberforum.ru suggests that content with attachments can cause issues if the attachments are executable files, he shares that some ISP's will instantly reject emails with executable file attachments.

June 2024 - cyberforum.ru
Marketer view

Email marketer from dslreports.com forum mentions that Windstream primarily uses SpamAssassin with customized rules. He advises adjusting your content to lower the SpamAssassin score and testing email content using a spam checker.

September 2024 - dslreports.com

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

ISPs like Optimum, Windstream, and CenturyLink may rely on home-grown filtering systems. Content, links, messaging style, and sender reputation are major factors in email deliverability. Understanding SMTP error codes aids in pinpointing the reason for blocks. Analyzing message content and headers to identify triggers is crucial for troubleshooting. Maintaining a positive sender reputation by building your brand, staying relevant, and being trustworthy is also essential.

Key opinions

  • Filtering Systems: ISPs might use home-grown filtering systems, possibly all similar due to acquisitions.
  • Content Matters: Content, links, and messaging style influence filtering; 'aggressive' messaging can be problematic.
  • SMTP Codes: Understanding SMTP error codes helps diagnose delivery issues.
  • Reputation Impact: IP address and sender reputation are vital for deliverability and avoiding blocks.

Key considerations

  • Content Analysis: Analyze email content and headers to identify potential triggers for spam filters.
  • Reputation Management: Actively manage and improve your sender reputation through brand building, relevance, and trustworthiness.
  • Testing: Use spam filter simulators to test emails before sending.
  • Error Code Review: Pay attention to SMTP error codes for troubleshooting email delivery problems.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that understanding SMTP error codes is important for troubleshooting email delivery issues. He highlights that 5xx errors are permanent failures and 4xx errors are temporary failures. The specific code helps pinpoint the reason for the block, such as content filtering or reputation issues.

July 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that these ISPs mostly use home-grown filtering. She notes that Qwest and Centurylink are the same, and they bought part of Embarq, suggesting they might all be the same now.

February 2025 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that to troubleshoot content filtering, you need to analyze the message content and headers to identify triggers. She recommends using tools that simulate spam filters to test your messages before sending.

November 2023 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that IP address reputation plays a crucial role in email deliverability. He mentions that a poor reputation can result in blocks, and it's essential to monitor your IP's reputation and take steps to improve it, such as following best practices and avoiding spam-like activities.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains managing your sender reputation is the key to email marketing success. He shares that the most impactful way to manage your sending reputation is to build your brand, be relevant, and be trustworthy.

July 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks responds that content is a significant factor in blocks. She suggests the issue could be the links or the fingerprint of the message. She also suggests that 'aggressive messaging' might indicate recipients don't want the mail, and something in the content identifies it as unwanted.

August 2023 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Spamhaus utilizes IP and domain-based blacklists to combat spam. CenturyLink prohibits spam, phishing, and malicious content under its Acceptable Use Policy, with violations leading to account consequences. DKIM is an email authentication method that uses digital signatures to verify sender identity and enhance deliverability. DMARC builds upon SPF and DKIM by providing a policy for handling emails failing authentication checks, instructing recipient servers on how to manage unauthenticated messages.

Key findings

  • Spamhaus Blacklists: Spamhaus employs IP and domain-based blacklists to identify and block spam sources.
  • CenturyLink Policy: CenturyLink prohibits spamming, phishing, and the transmission of malicious content, leading to account suspension if violated.
  • DKIM Authentication: DKIM uses digital signatures to verify sender identity, preventing spoofing and improving deliverability.
  • DMARC Policy: DMARC provides a policy based on SPF and DKIM for handling unauthenticated emails, guiding recipient servers on how to process them.

Key considerations

  • Blacklist Awareness: Understand Spamhaus's criteria for blacklisting and the delisting process.
  • Policy Compliance: Adhere to CenturyLink's Acceptable Use Policy to avoid account penalties.
  • DKIM Implementation: Implement DKIM to authenticate your emails and prevent spoofing.
  • DMARC Configuration: Configure DMARC to establish a policy for handling unauthenticated emails and protect your domain.
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM.org details that DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) is an email authentication method that uses a digital signature to verify the sender's identity. It helps prevent spoofing and improves deliverability.

July 2023 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org details that DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is an email authentication protocol that builds upon SPF and DKIM to provide a policy for handling emails that fail authentication checks. It allows domain owners to specify how recipient mail servers should handle unauthenticated messages.

April 2023 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus.org explains that Spamhaus uses a combination of IP and domain-based blacklists to identify and block spam sources. They detail the criteria for inclusion on their lists and the process for delisting.

January 2022 - Spamhaus.org
Technical article

Documentation from CenturyLink answers that CenturyLink's Acceptable Use Policy outlines prohibited email practices, including spamming, phishing, and the transmission of malicious content. Violations can result in account suspension or termination.

September 2024 - CenturyLink.com