What does a TempFail suspected spam error mean for email delivery and how to troubleshoot it?

Summary

A TempFail, suspected as spam, represents a temporary email delivery issue with varied causes. These range from recipient server problems (unavailability, overload), greylisting (temporary rejection of unknown senders), exceeding sending limits, to issues with sender reputation and email authentication. Troubleshooting starts with examining actual bounce messages, not just ESP classifications, and implementing retry logic. Key strategies involve verifying sender reputation by checking IP addresses against blacklists, ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), maintaining a clean email list (removing inactive subscribers, validating addresses), and monitoring feedback loops. Messages classified as '[internal]' are suppressed by the MTA, while 'No MX or A' means an invalid domain. Addressing these temporary failures requires a multi-faceted approach to ensure proper delivery and avoid permanent bounces. Soft bounces indicate temporary issues while hard bounces are permanent.

Key findings

  • Transient Errors: TempFails are transient errors indicated by 4xx SMTP codes.
  • Multiple Causes: They arise from various factors, including server issues, greylisting, sending limits, and reputation problems.
  • Authentication Crucial: Proper SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication is vital to avoid being flagged as spam.
  • List Hygiene Important: Maintaining a clean email list reduces the likelihood of hitting spam traps and triggering TempFails.
  • ESP Data Questionable: Relying solely on ESP bounce classifications can be misleading; examine raw bounce data.

Key considerations

  • Examine Bounce Messages: Review actual deferral/bounce messages directly from the ISP, not just ESP summaries.
  • Retry Delivery: Implement retry logic for failed deliveries, as the problem might be temporary.
  • Monitor Feedback Loops: Actively monitor feedback loops to identify and address deliverability issues.
  • Manage Sender Reputation: Proactively manage sender reputation to minimize the risk of being marked as spam.
  • Server Status Check: Ensure the recipient's server is operational and accepting emails.

What email marketers say
8Marketer opinions

A TempFail, or temporary failure, in email delivery often indicates a transient issue such as recipient server unavailability, greylisting (a spam prevention technique), or exceeding sending limits. Troubleshooting involves checking server status, monitoring bounce codes, adjusting sending frequency, ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM), and maintaining a clean email list by removing inactive subscribers and validating email addresses. Maintaining a good sender reputation is crucial to avoid being flagged as spam, which can also lead to TempFails. If the issue persists, contacting the recipient's email provider might be necessary. Proper email authentication prevents emails being marked as spam. Emails with TempFail errors might be categorized as soft bounces

Key opinions

  • Temporary Issue: TempFails indicate temporary issues preventing email delivery, as opposed to permanent failures.
  • Greylisting: Greylisting, a spam prevention technique, commonly causes TempFails.
  • Authentication: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM) is essential to avoid being flagged as spam and encountering TempFails. Emails marked as spam are likely to bounce.
  • Sender Reputation: Maintaining a good sender reputation is crucial to prevent spam flagging and TempFails.
  • Soft Bounces: Emails that result in TempFail errors might be categorized as soft bounces which are temporary issues in email delivery.

Key considerations

  • Troubleshooting: Check server status, monitor bounce codes, and adjust sending frequency to resolve TempFails.
  • Retry Sending: Resend emails after a delay, as the issue might be temporary.
  • List Hygiene: Maintain a clean email list by removing inactive subscribers and validating email addresses.
  • Persistent Issues: If TempFails persist, investigate sender reputation or contact the recipient's email provider.
  • Bounce Categories: Fix bounces, both soft and hard to ensure proper email delivery
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow explains that emails bounce with TempFail because of issues like server overload, greylisting, or recipient mailbox issues. The email server will automatically retry sending the email and if it continues, it can become a permanent error.

May 2024 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from DigitalOcean explains that it is essential to implement SPF and DKIM authentication to prevent emails being marked as spam. Without proper authentication, your emails are more likely to bounce and this includes getting a TempFail error.

May 2023 - DigitalOcean
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a TempFail can result from various issues like recipient server unavailability, greylisting, or exceeding sending limits. Troubleshooting involves checking server status, monitoring bounce codes, adjusting sending frequency, and ensuring proper authentication.

January 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that TempFail usually means there's a problem with the receiving server but it's not permanent. You should try resending the email later and if the problem persists, check your sender reputation or contact the recipient's email provider.

November 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark stresses the importance of maintaining a clean email list to avoid spam traps and subsequently TempFail issues. They advise regularly removing inactive subscribers and validating email addresses to ensure you're sending to real, engaged recipients.

July 2021 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from SMTP2GO explains that greylisting, a common spam prevention technique, causes TempFails by temporarily rejecting emails from unknown senders. Legitimate mail servers will retry sending, eventually succeeding if the sender is not a spammer. They suggest monitoring for persistent TempFails which might indicate other issues.

February 2023 - SMTP2GO
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains that bounced emails result in your emails not being delivered and the bounces are categorized as soft and hard bounces. Soft bounces are temporary while hard bounces are permanent, and you should fix these to ensure proper email delivery

October 2023 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse explains that TempFails are temporary delivery issues. They recommend retrying sending after a delay, monitoring bounce codes for further insights, and confirming that the recipient server is accepting connections. They also advise checking sender reputation to prevent spam flagging.

December 2021 - SendPulse

What the experts say
7Expert opinions

A TempFail, often flagged as suspected spam, can stem from several underlying issues. It's crucial to examine the actual deferral messages from the ISP, rather than relying solely on ESP classifications, which can be inaccurate. Issues can range from bad email addresses and poor sender reputation to greylisting, where receiving servers temporarily reject emails from unknown senders. Messages marked '[internal]' indicate suppression by the MTA, while 'No MX or A' suggests an invalid domain. Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and monitoring feedback loops are vital for maintaining a good reputation. Additionally, some '[internal]' messages are escalations from repeated 4xx deferrals, leading to synthetic 5xx rejections.

Key opinions

  • ESP Inaccuracy: ESPs' classification of bounce messages can be inaccurate; obtaining the actual deferral messages is crucial.
  • Bad Email Addresses: TempFails can indicate bad email addresses, necessitating review of acquisition sources and bounce management processes.
  • Internal Messages: Messages marked '[internal]' signify suppression by the MTA, while 'No MX or A' means an invalid domain.
  • Greylisting Cause: Greylisting is a common cause of temporary failures, especially from unknown senders.
  • Reputation Impact: Poor sender reputation can lead to TempFails, emphasizing the importance of proper authentication and avoiding unsolicited emails.

Key considerations

  • Message Examination: Examine actual deferral messages from the ISP to accurately diagnose the issue.
  • Source Verification: Verify the source of recently acquired email addresses and review bounce management processes.
  • Authentication: Ensure proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • Feedback Monitoring: Monitor feedback loops to identify and address issues affecting sender reputation.
  • Differentiate Issues: Differentiate greylisting from other issues through careful monitoring of delivery attempts and bounce messages.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that messages containing '[internal]' indicate suppression by the MTA without attempted delivery, while 'No MX or A' signifies an invalid domain.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends obtaining the actual deferral messages from the ESP to understand the issue, as the ESP's classification may be inaccurate. He suggests the deferrals might be temporary and the deliveries will be retried, but it could also be an early warning sign.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that the provided bounces aren't soft bounces but indicate bad email addresses. He suggests checking the source if they're recently acquired or reviewing bounce management processes if they're not. He also mentions that the ESP's bounce classification and management may be faulty.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that temporary failures related to suspected spam can be linked to poor sender reputation. Ensure proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), avoid sending unsolicited emails, and monitor feedback loops to maintain a positive reputation and reduce TempFails.

June 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that greylisting is a common cause of temporary failures (TempFails). This is a spam prevention technique where the receiving server temporarily rejects emails from unknown senders. A legitimate server retries, eventually succeeding. Monitoring is crucial to differentiate greylisting from other issues.

January 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that some '[internal]' messages are escalations from repeated 4xx deferrals, leading to synthetic 5xx rejections after the ESP retries delivery for a while.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that without the full, unedited bounce message directly from the ISP, it's difficult to diagnose the problem, as ESPs modify and classify bounce messages differently, obscuring the actual issue.

November 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

A TempFail, also known as a transient error, signifies a temporary obstacle to email delivery. These errors are typically indicated by 4xx SMTP error codes and suggest that the sending system may be able to resend the message with success. Common causes include server overload, temporary unavailability, or greylisting. Troubleshooting involves verifying sender reputation, ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), checking IP address against blacklists, and confirming the recipient's server is operational. Implementing retry logic in applications is necessary to handle these transient errors, as repeated failures may lead to the email being treated as a bounce.

Key findings

  • Transient Nature: TempFails are transient errors, indicating temporary issues rather than permanent delivery failures.
  • SMTP Codes: 4xx SMTP error codes commonly signify TempFails.
  • Retry Logic: Applications must implement retry logic to handle transient errors effectively.

Key considerations

  • Reputation: Verify sender reputation to ensure it is not the cause of delivery issues.
  • Authentication: Ensure proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is in place to prevent emails from being flagged as spam.
  • Blacklist Check: Check IP addresses against blacklists to identify potential reputation problems.
  • Server Status: Confirm the recipient's server is operational and accepting mail.
  • Error Logs: Check server logs for detailed error messages to understand the specific cause of the TempFail.
Technical article

Documentation from Amazon Web Services explains that transient email delivery errors require you to implement logic in your applications to retry sending those emails. If the same email encounters repeat transient errors, it may be treated as a bounce.

February 2023 - Amazon Web Services
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that a 4xx SMTP error code typically indicates a temporary failure. This can be due to server overload, temporary unavailability, or greylisting. They recommend checking server logs for detailed error messages and retrying sending the email after a delay.

August 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn explains that a TempFail, or transient error, indicates a temporary problem preventing message delivery in Exchange Online. Troubleshooting involves verifying sender reputation, ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), checking IP address against blacklists, and confirming that the recipient's server is operational and accepting mail.

February 2022 - Microsoft Learn
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that enhanced status codes starting with '4' are used for Temporary Failures. These suggest that the message was not delivered but that the error is transient in nature, and the sending system may be able to resend the message with success

September 2021 - RFC Editor