What are the steps to troubleshoot DMARC reject policy causing low email delivery rates after implementation?

Summary

When encountering low email delivery rates after implementing a DMARC 'reject' policy, the consensus is to immediately revert the policy to 'p=none' to prevent further rejection of legitimate emails. A thorough investigation into email authentication is then required. This involves analyzing DMARC aggregate reports to identify sources failing SPF and DKIM checks, correcting SPF and DKIM records to ensure all authorized sending sources are properly authenticated, and using tools like aboutmy.email and DMARC analyzers to pinpoint authentication issues. Before implementing a 'reject' policy, experts and documentation emphasize the importance of solid DMARC reporting, weeks/months of report analysis, and avoiding a 'reject' policy until authentication is confirmed and monitoring processes are in place. Additionally, one must consider the impact of a 'reject' policy on sending reputation and proactively monitor it, and check if your domain or sending IPs are on any blocklists, as DMARC 'reject' can amplify the impact of being blocklisted. It is crucial to gradually increase the DMARC policy back to 'quarantine' and then 'reject' only after confirming all legitimate email sources are correctly authenticated.

Key findings

  • Immediate Reversal: Revert to 'p=none' immediately to stop rejecting legitimate emails.
  • Authentication is Key: Ensure correct SPF/DKIM setup and alignment for all sending sources.
  • Report Analysis is Crucial: Analyze DMARC reports to pinpoint authentication failures.
  • Gradual Implementation: Gradually increase policy from 'none' to 'quarantine' to 'reject'.
  • Monitor Reputation: DMARC 'reject' can impact sending reputation; monitor proactively.
  • Check Blocklists: Verify if domain/IPs are on blocklists, as 'reject' amplifies impact.

Key considerations

  • Prior Authentication: Confirm authentication for all sources before 'reject' policy.
  • Reporting & Monitoring: Implement solid DMARC reporting and analysis processes.
  • Tools & Services: Utilize DMARC analyzers, monitoring services, and SPF/DKIM checkers.
  • Impact on Reputation: Consider how 'reject' affects sender reputation.
  • Careful Planning: Implement DMARC with careful planning, testing, and monitoring.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

When facing email delivery issues after implementing a DMARC reject policy, the primary step is to immediately revert the policy to 'p=none' to prevent further rejection of legitimate emails. Then, thoroughly analyze DMARC aggregate reports to identify the sources failing authentication. Verify and correct SPF and DKIM records for all authorized sending sources, ensuring they are properly configured and aligned. Utilize DMARC monitoring services or tools to simplify report analysis. It's also crucial to check if your domain or sending IPs are on any blocklists, as DMARC reject can amplify the impact of being blocklisted. Gradually increase the DMARC policy back to 'quarantine' and then 'reject' only after confirming all legitimate email sources are correctly authenticated.

Key opinions

  • Immediate Action: Revert DMARC policy to 'p=none' to stop rejecting legitimate emails.
  • Authentication Analysis: Analyze DMARC reports to identify sources failing authentication (SPF/DKIM).
  • Record Verification: Verify and correct SPF and DKIM records for all authorized sending sources.
  • Monitoring Tools: Utilize DMARC monitoring services for easier report analysis and actionable insights.
  • Blocklist Check: Check if your domain or sending IPs are on any blocklists.

Key considerations

  • Policy Gradual Increase: Gradually increase DMARC policy to 'quarantine' and then 'reject' only after proper authentication.
  • Source Authentication: Ensure all legitimate email sources are correctly authenticated before enforcing a 'reject' policy.
  • Report Interpretation: Understand and interpret DMARC aggregate reports to identify and address authentication failures.
  • SPF/DKIM Validation: Regularly validate SPF and DKIM configurations to maintain email deliverability.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Implement proactive monitoring of sending reputation after implementing DMARC.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stackoverflow advises validating your SPF and DKIM configurations. He suggests using online tools to check if SPF records are correctly listing all authorized sending sources, and to confirm DKIM signatures are valid for outgoing emails. Errors in either can cause DMARC failures.

May 2023 - Stackoverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks advises against implementing a full reject policy before authenticating all sources sending as the root domain.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Spamhaus shares that if you're still facing delivery issues after correcting SPF and DKIM, check if your domain or sending IPs are on any blocklists. DMARC 'reject' can amplify the impact of blocklisting, so addressing any blocklist issues is crucial.

October 2024 - Spamhaus
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC shares that you should analyze DMARC aggregate reports to understand why emails are failing authentication. These reports will show which IPs are sending emails on your domain's behalf and whether those emails are passing SPF and DKIM checks. Identify any unauthorized sending sources.

January 2022 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeekForum recommends setting up a dedicated email address for receiving DMARC aggregate reports (rua). Analyze these reports using a tool like DMARC analyzer to identify any discrepancies between your sending practices and your DMARC policy.

November 2022 - EmailGeekForum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that the first step is to revert the DMARC policy to 'p=none' to stop rejecting legitimate emails. Then, review DMARC reports to identify which sources are failing authentication and correct SPF/DKIM records for those sources. Finally, move to 'quarantine' and then 'reject' policies once confident.

November 2021 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark explains that checking your SPF and DKIM records is crucial. Ensure that all sending sources are included in your SPF record and that DKIM signatures are valid. Use a DMARC record checker to validate your record's syntax.

August 2024 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks suggests using Validity's Everest platform for monitoring. They recommend changing to `p=none`, monitoring/fixing issues, and then gradually increasing the policy back to `p=quarantine` or `p=reject`.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that after setting DMARC to reject and experiencing deliverability issues, the immediate action should be switching back to p=none. Afterward, examine the DMARC reports carefully to pinpoint which sending sources are not properly authenticated, and ensure these are corrected.

September 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps recommends utilizing a DMARC monitoring service that provides user-friendly reports. These services process the complex XML data from DMARC reports into actionable insights, making it easier to identify and resolve authentication issues.

September 2024 - GlockApps

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

When a DMARC reject policy leads to low email delivery rates, the primary recommendation is to immediately revert to a 'p=none' policy. This stops legitimate emails from being rejected. Before implementing a 'reject' policy, it's crucial to ensure thorough authentication, solid DMARC reporting, and weeks or months of analyzing these reports. Utilizing tools like aboutmy.email can help diagnose authentication issues. Furthermore, it is vital to consider the impact of 'p=reject' on sending reputation and proactively monitor it due to the potential for widespread failures if authentication isn't perfect.

Key opinions

  • Revert to 'p=none': Immediately change the DMARC policy to 'p=none' to stop rejecting legitimate emails.
  • Authentication Issues: Unauthenticated mail is a likely root cause when DMARC 'reject' is enforced.
  • Monitoring Importance: Solid DMARC reporting and analysis are necessary before implementing 'p=reject'.
  • Reputation Impact: DMARC 'p=reject' impacts sending reputation and requires proactive monitoring.

Key considerations

  • Pre-Implementation Analysis: Conduct thorough authentication checks and DMARC report analysis before using 'p=reject'.
  • Monitoring Tools: Use tools like aboutmy.email to diagnose authentication problems.
  • Gradual Implementation: Consider a gradual implementation, starting with 'p=none' and moving to stricter policies.
  • Reputation Management: Monitor sending reputation proactively due to the potential impact of DMARC 'reject'.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises against implementing `p=reject` without solid DMARC reporting and weeks/months of report analysis.

October 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends changing the DMARC record to `p=none` to alleviate the immediate issue. They further advise analyzing DMARC reports to improve authentication and then reconsidering `p=reject`.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that one should consider how DMARC p=reject impacts reputation. Because a p=reject can cause widespread failures if authentication isn't perfect, proactively monitoring sending reputation is a must.

July 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks asks why Taya Kenny went with a `p=reject` DMARC policy. She advises immediately changing the policy to `p=none` if authentication wasn't checked beforehand, as the current policy is causing mail to fail by instructing recipients to reject it.

December 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests using aboutmy.email to check mail and diagnose authentication issues. She indicates that unauthenticated mail is likely the root cause, exacerbated by the company's recommendation to implement `p=reject` without prior monitoring.

March 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

When troubleshooting low email delivery rates after implementing a DMARC 'reject' policy, the primary focus should be on ensuring proper email authentication through SPF and DKIM. Documentation from Google, Microsoft, DMARC.org, and Cloudflare emphasizes that the 'reject' policy instructs recipient servers to reject unauthenticated messages, causing delivery issues if legitimate emails fail these checks. A key step involves analyzing DMARC reports and mail flow insights to identify authentication failures due to misconfigured SPF and DKIM records. The recommendation is to start with a 'none' policy, thoroughly monitor DMARC reports, and gradually move to stricter policies like 'quarantine' and 'reject' only after verifying proper authentication. It's critical to avoid setting a 'reject' policy without adequate testing and monitoring of DMARC reports and feedback loops.

Key findings

  • DMARC 'Reject' Impact: DMARC 'reject' policy causes recipient servers to reject unauthenticated emails, impacting deliverability.
  • Authentication Importance: Proper SPF and DKIM configuration is crucial for avoiding DMARC failures.
  • Report Analysis: Analyzing DMARC reports and mail flow insights helps identify authentication issues.
  • Gradual Policy Implementation: A gradual implementation, starting with 'none', is recommended before enforcing 'reject'.

Key considerations

  • SPF/DKIM Verification: Verify that SPF and DKIM records are correctly set up and aligned with sending practices.
  • DMARC Report Monitoring: Monitor DMARC reports and feedback loops to pinpoint authentication problems.
  • Testing Before Enforcement: Thoroughly test and monitor DMARC reports before setting a 'reject' policy.
  • Authentication First: Ensure all legitimate emails are properly authenticated before transitioning to stricter DMARC policies.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Defender for Office 365 documentation explains that mail flow insights can help identify DMARC failures due to misconfigured SPF or DKIM records. The documentation details how to analyze the reports and correct the authentication setup.

November 2023 - Microsoft Defender for Office 365 documentation
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that a DMARC policy of 'reject' instructs recipient servers to reject messages that fail DMARC checks, potentially leading to delivery issues if legitimate emails are not properly authenticated. It emphasizes verifying SPF and DKIM records are correctly set up and aligned.

February 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains the importance of monitoring DMARC reports when implementing a 'reject' policy. They recommend starting with a 'none' policy, analyzing the aggregate reports to identify authentication issues, and then gradually moving to 'quarantine' and finally 'reject' after ensuring legitimate mail is properly authenticated.

November 2021 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Cloudflare details that a common mistake is setting a 'reject' policy without thoroughly testing and monitoring DMARC reports. Cloudflare emphasizes reviewing the feedback loop reports to pinpoint issues like missing SPF includes or DKIM misconfigurations.

February 2022 - Cloudflare