What are the pros and cons of DMARC, and is it worth implementing for email authentication and reporting?

Summary

Experts, marketers, and documentation sources offer diverse perspectives on DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance). While DMARC aims to enhance email security, protect against spam, phishing, and spoofing by building on SPF and DKIM, its effectiveness and value are debated. Some experts recommend against using DMARC altogether. Its primary value is seen in reporting, offering insights into mail streams and authentication; however, it has limitations. These include not preventing cousin domain phishing attacks, only protecting the 'From' address, and not being a complete authentication solution. DMARC implementation can be complex, costly, and requires continuous monitoring. It's most beneficial for organizations facing significant financial, reputational, or compliance risks related to email spoofing, particularly in sectors like finance or e-commerce. A gradual enforcement of DMARC policies is recommended, along with carefully considering whether the benefits outweigh the challenges and the specific needs of the organization.

Key findings

  • Mixed Opinions: Experts and marketers have mixed opinions on the overall value and effectiveness of DMARC.
  • Reporting is Key: DMARC's primary value lies in its reporting capabilities, providing insights into mail streams and authentication status.
  • Limited Phishing Protection: DMARC doesn't effectively prevent cousin domain phishing attacks, and only protects the 'From' address.
  • Implementation Challenges: DMARC implementation can be complex, costly, and requires continuous monitoring and expertise.
  • Sector Specific Benefits: DMARC is most beneficial for organizations in sectors with high financial, reputational, or compliance risks.

Key considerations

  • Organizational Need: Carefully assess whether the benefits of DMARC outweigh the challenges and align with the specific needs of the organization.
  • Gradual Enforcement: Enforce DMARC policies gradually, starting with monitoring (p=none) before moving to more restrictive policies.
  • Resource Investment: Be prepared to invest in the resources (time, expertise, and ongoing operational expenses) required for effective DMARC implementation and maintenance.
  • SPF/DKIM Alignment: Ensure proper alignment with SPF and DKIM records as DMARC builds upon these protocols.
  • Comprehensive Security: Recognize that DMARC is only one component of a comprehensive email security strategy and should not be relied upon as a standalone solution.

What email marketers say
14Marketer opinions

DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) aims to protect email senders and recipients from spam, phishing, and spoofing by building on SPF and DKIM protocols. While it offers advantages like increased deliverability, brand protection, and visibility into email channels, implementation can be complex and costly. DMARC is particularly beneficial for organizations facing significant financial, reputational, or compliance risks related to email spoofing. The protocol's value lies in its reporting capabilities, which provide insights into authentication status, unauthorized senders, and potential abuse. However, DMARC has limitations: it only protects the 'From' address, doesn't prevent cousin domain attacks, and requires continuous monitoring. Successful DMARC deployment demands expertise, careful configuration, and a gradual policy enforcement strategy, starting with monitoring (p=none) before moving to quarantine or reject policies. The decision to implement DMARC should be weighed against the potential challenges and the specific needs of the organization.

Key opinions

  • Benefits: DMARC offers improved email deliverability, protection against phishing/spoofing, and enhanced brand reputation.
  • Reporting Value: DMARC reporting provides crucial insights into email authentication status, unauthorized senders, and potential abuse.
  • Specific Use Cases: DMARC is most beneficial for organizations in sectors like finance or e-commerce that face significant financial, reputational, or compliance risks.
  • Limitations: DMARC only protects the 'From' address, doesn't prevent cousin domain attacks, and isn't a complete security solution.
  • Complexity: Implementing and maintaining DMARC requires technical knowledge, careful configuration, and continuous monitoring.

Key considerations

  • Gradual Enforcement: Enforce DMARC policies gradually, starting with monitoring (p=none) before moving to quarantine or reject policies.
  • Continuous Monitoring: DMARC requires continuous monitoring and adjustment to prevent deliverability issues and ensure effectiveness.
  • Cost & Resources: Consider the costs and resources needed for DMARC deployment, including technical expertise and ongoing operational expenses.
  • Alignment with SPF/DKIM: Ensure proper alignment with SPF and DKIM records for DMARC to function effectively.
  • Organizational Need: Assess the specific needs of your organization and whether the benefits of DMARC outweigh the potential challenges.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Twitter states that one of the main cons of DMARC is its complexity. It's not a set-it-and-forget-it solution; requires ongoing management and expertise to interpret reports and adjust policies effectively to prevent deliverability problems.

October 2024 - Twitter
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks states DMARC has a good chance of working out only for those in financial services or e-commerce, with sorted capex budget and C-level buy-in, who don't mind a 6-9 month project with on-going operational costs, and don't use mailing lists.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that one of the cons is that misconfigured DMARC can cause deliverability issues, leading to legitimate emails being rejected. Setting up and maintaining DMARC requires technical knowledge and constant monitoring to prevent errors.

June 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks provides a list of problems with DMARC. They include: underestimation of time and expense, leading to neglected records and broken mail; DMARC reporting mode isn't as innocuous as believed, oversold benefits leading to adoption for wrong reasons; failure to stop phishing; BIMI creating incentives for aggressive DMARC policies whether appropriate or not.

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains that DMARC policy enforcement should be done gradually to avoid issues. Start with p=none to monitor email traffic. Then move to p=quarantine. After that, if you're happy with your results, you can enforce p=reject, which will ensure non-compliant emails are rejected, but this should only be after careful monitoring and testing.

June 2023 - GMass
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that the criteria for needing DMARC is that there is a significant financial, reputational or compliance risk associated with taking no actions to prevent a forged 5322.From using your corporate domain and can satisfy the "every appropriate measure / every appropriate control" type requirements issued by regulatory bodies.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares DMARC is helpful mostly for the reporting and has helped discover semi legit mail streams, rogue senders, legit sources where authentication wasn’t working right, and flat out domain spoofing.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares DMARC offers increased deliverability, protection against phishing and spoofing, and improved brand reputation. Implementation helps ensure legitimate emails reach the inbox while preventing malicious actors from using your domain to send harmful emails.

February 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC answers DMARC offers visibility into email channels, prevents domain spoofing, and improves email deliverability. Proper configuration allows you to see who is sending emails on behalf of your domain and block unauthorized sources. It helps to prevent phishing attacks and improve customer trust in your brand.

November 2024 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from Proofpoint explains that DMARC implementation challenges include complexity in configuration, potential for blocking legitimate emails if not set up correctly, and the need for continuous monitoring and adjustment. It requires careful analysis of email traffic and alignment with SPF and DKIM records.

September 2022 - Proofpoint
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says there's nothing wrong with using DMARC reports to understand what's sending email using the 5322.From along with the SPF/DKIM alignment but understand you only get reports from DMARC aware mailbox providers. The deployment and operation piece is where many feel there is a large chasm between the claimed benefits of DMARC and reality, and the significant effort and cost associated with using DMARC in a production environment is poorly understood.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange answers DMARC only protects the domain used in the 'From' address, not the entire email. It also does not protect against 'cousin domains' or lookalike domains used in phishing attacks. DMARC is only part of a comprehensive security strategy.

December 2023 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailOnAcid explains that DMARC improves email deliverability and protects brand reputation. It also creates more transparency over who is sending email on behalf of the company and can protect against phishing and spoofing attacks. It is crucial for businesses that rely on email communication.

June 2023 - EmailOnAcid
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost shares that reporting is one of DMARC's most valuable benefits. DMARC reporting offers insights into email authentication status, allowing you to identify and address issues. This assists in identifying legitimate sources of email and spotting potential abuse or spoofing activities.

January 2024 - SparkPost

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Experts present varied perspectives on DMARC. One suggests avoiding it altogether. The value is primarily in reporting for mail stream visibility and authentication insights, but DMARC doesn't effectively combat phishing as it fails to address cousin domain attacks. Additionally, it only protects the 2822.From address, often not displayed by mail clients, and it is not authentication itself. Publishing a DMARC policy statement may increase vulnerability, akin to advertising security measures. Some argue p=none gives minimal extra data beyond SPF.

Key opinions

  • Recommendation: Some experts advise against using DMARC.
  • Reporting Value: DMARC's main benefit is in reporting, providing insights into mail streams and authentication.
  • Phishing Protection: DMARC does not prevent cousin domain phishing attacks.
  • Limited Protection: DMARC protects only the 2822.From address, often not visible to users.
  • Not Authentication: DMARC is not an authentication method itself.

Key considerations

  • Overall Value: Assess whether the reporting benefits of DMARC outweigh its limitations.
  • Phishing Strategy: Implement a comprehensive phishing protection strategy that addresses cousin domain attacks.
  • Policy Statement: Consider the security implications before publishing a DMARC policy statement.
  • Alternative Authentication: Explore other authentication methods besides DMARC.
  • Limited Data: Evaluate whether DMARC p=none offers significant additional data compared to SPF alone.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that the only thing DMARC protects is the 2822.From and most mail clients don't display the 2822.From. Claims DMARC is NOT FREAKING AUTHENTICATION. Also DMARC p=none is awesome but doesn't actually give you much more data than you can get from SPF.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares her standard recommendation: 'Don’t use DMARC.'

March 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains why you should not publish a DMARC policy statement, because it is like putting a sign in your yard saying 'I have an alarm system'

September 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that DMARC doesn't fix phishing, because it only protects you from direct domain spoofing. Phishers are able to go around the DMARC security and the consumer can't tell a phish from a legitimate email.

January 2025 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains the real value of DMARC is in the reporting, which allows companies to see mail streams and authentication. There's some value for heavily phished domains, but most phishing uses cousin domains, which DMARC doesn't address.

April 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
3Technical articles

DMARC is presented as a collaborative system that enhances email security by building upon SPF and DKIM, providing protection against spam, phishing, and spoofing. It allows domain owners to control how recipient servers handle unauthenticated emails and provides reporting on authentication results. Major email platforms like Exchange Online use DMARC to validate email based on SPF and DKIM, acting upon messages according to the configured DMARC policy (reject, quarantine, or none).

Key findings

  • Enhanced Security: DMARC enhances email security by protecting against spam, phishing, and spoofing.
  • Builds on Existing Standards: DMARC builds upon SPF and DKIM protocols.
  • Domain Owner Control: DMARC enables domain owners to instruct recipient servers on handling unauthenticated emails.
  • Reporting: DMARC provides reporting on authentication results for better monitoring and improvement.
  • Platform Integration: Major email platforms like Exchange Online integrate DMARC for email validation.

Key considerations

  • SPF & DKIM Setup: Ensure proper SPF and DKIM setup as DMARC relies on these protocols.
  • DMARC Policy: Carefully configure the DMARC policy (reject, quarantine, none) according to your organization's needs.
  • Reporting Analysis: Regularly analyze DMARC reports to identify and address potential security issues.
  • Ongoing Monitoring: Implement ongoing monitoring of DMARC performance for continuous security improvement.
  • Gradual Implementation: Consider a gradual implementation approach to minimize disruptions.
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that DMARC empowers email domain owners to protect their domain from unauthorized use, commonly known as email spoofing. By implementing DMARC, domain owners can instruct recipient mail servers on how to handle messages that fail authentication checks, and request reports on authentication results.

January 2023 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that Exchange Online uses DMARC to examine the From address to detect spoofing. If a domain passes SPF or DKIM and DMARC is enabled, Microsoft validates email and allows the message into the inbox. If the domain fails DMARC, the action depends on how the policy is set (reject, quarantine, none).

February 2025 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that DMARC helps email senders and receivers work together to better protect senders and receivers from spam, phishing, and other email abuse. DMARC builds on the existing SPF and DKIM protocols, adding a reporting function that allows senders and receivers to improve and monitor protection of the domain from abusive email.

February 2025 - Google