How does Google's Feedback Loop (FBL) work and what are the best practices for implementation?

Summary

Google's Feedback Loop (FBL) is a tool designed to help senders identify and address the causes of spam complaints from Gmail users, with the ultimate goal of improving email quality and sender reputation. FBL relies on DKIM authentication, and the DKIM selector must be published in the Feedback-ID header, structured as `Feedback-ID: a:b:c:SenderId`, where 'a', 'b', and 'c' are sender-defined identifiers, and 'SenderId' uniquely identifies the campaign. A key principle is that FBL data should not be used for list washing (suppressing complaining recipients); instead, senders should focus on improving list quality and terminating problematic customers. Google FBL identifiers should target customers, campaigns, or traffic types rather than individual recipients. High email volumes and consistent spam reporting are needed to generate FBL data. Using broader and narrower categories for identifiers can aid in achieving sufficient data aggregation. Best practices also include monitoring sending reputation and complaint rates, proper list segmentation, regular list cleaning, adherence to email compliance regulations, and ensuring meaningful, consistent Feedback-ID header implementation. Google might not share data with senders lacking a good reputation or if data aggregation isn't sufficient. Proper authentication, including DKIM, SPF, and DMARC, is critical.

Key findings

  • FBL Purpose: Identifies campaigns generating spam complaints to improve email quality.
  • DKIM Requirement: DKIM authentication is fundamental for FBL implementation and function.
  • Header Structure: Feedback-ID header must follow a specific format for proper identification.
  • No List Washing: FBL should not be used for suppressing complaining recipients.
  • Volume Threshold: Sufficient email and spam report volume are necessary for FBL data generation.
  • Segmentation Importance: Effective list segmentation and targeted content reduce spam complaints.
  • Monitoring Relevance: Regularly monitoring sending reputation and complaint rates is crucial.
  • Authentication Significance: Proper email authentication methods ensure deliverability and trust.

Key considerations

  • Data Usage: Avoid using FBL data to simply suppress complaints; address the root causes.
  • Identifier Choice: Choose identifiers that represent customers, campaigns, or traffic types.
  • Data Aggregation: Ensure sufficient volume for identifier categories to achieve meaningful data.
  • Sender Reputation: Maintain a good sender reputation to access FBL data.
  • Compliance Adherence: Adhere to email compliance regulations to maintain a clean and engaged subscriber base.
  • List Hygiene: Practice regular list cleaning to avoid spam complaints.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Google's Feedback Loop (FBL) provides insights into spam complaints, enabling senders to identify and address issues affecting their sender reputation. Effective FBL implementation involves proper email authentication (DKIM, SPF, DMARC), particularly DKIM, which FBL relies on for identification. Monitoring sending reputation and complaint rates through Google Postmaster Tools is crucial. Best practices include list segmentation, regular list cleaning, adherence to email compliance regulations (GDPR, CAN-SPAM), and correct Feedback-ID header implementation with consistent DKIM selectors. Google may not share data if the sender isn't reputable or if complaint volume is insufficient, requiring enough identifiers to report daily.

Key opinions

  • Authentication: Proper email authentication (DKIM, SPF, DMARC) is critical for deliverability and FBL functionality.
  • Segmentation: List segmentation and targeted content reduce spam complaints and improve engagement.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists and removing inactive subscribers improves deliverability.
  • Complaint Monitoring: Monitoring sending reputation and complaint rates is essential for identifying issues.
  • FBL Insights: FBL provides valuable insights into spam complaints, enabling senders to address issues.
  • Header Implementation: Correct Feedback-ID header implementation with consistent DKIM selectors is crucial.
  • Compliance: Adhering to email compliance regulations (GDPR, CAN-SPAM) reduces spam complaints and improves performance.

Key considerations

  • Reputation: Google may not share FBL data if the sender isn't reputable.
  • Volume: Sufficient email volume and complaint volume are required for FBL data generation.
  • Identifier Consistency: Ensure DKIM selectors match in the Feedback-ID header.
  • Complaint Rates: Monitor and address high spam complaint rates to maintain sender reputation.
  • Niche Audiences: Hyper segment audiences for extremely targeted content.
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid Blog explains that list segmentation is vital for sending relevant content, reducing spam complaints, and improving engagement. Proper segmentation ensures that recipients receive emails they are interested in.

February 2024 - SendGrid Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit r/emailmarketing shares that one of the best ways to send targeted content is to really niche down and hyper segment your audiences based on their known characteristics.

October 2024 - Reddit r/emailmarketing
Marketer view

Email marketer from ExpertSender Blog shares that adhering to email compliance regulations such as GDPR and CAN-SPAM helps maintain a clean and engaged subscriber base, reducing spam complaints and improving FBL performance.

July 2022 - ExpertSender Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains that Google may not share data if the sender isn’t reputable, and the spam rate can fluctuate based on when volume hits compared to complaints, requiring enough of the same identifiers to report for that day.

May 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Validity Blog shares that Google's FBL provides valuable insights into spam complaints, allowing senders to identify and address issues with specific campaigns or customer segments. This improves overall sender reputation.

November 2022 - Validity Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow shares that proper implementation of the Feedback-ID header is critical. Ensure that the DKIM selector matches the selector used to sign the email and that the parameters used are consistent and meaningful.

March 2022 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost Blog explains that monitoring your complaint rate (spam complaints) is crucial because exceeding industry averages can negatively impact your sender reputation and FBL data. Implement measures to lower complaint rates, such as improving targeting and list hygiene.

April 2021 - SparkPost Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailonAcid Blog shares that proper email authentication, including DKIM, SPF, and DMARC, is critical to ensuring deliverability and trust with mailbox providers like Gmail. FBL relies on DKIM for identification.

June 2023 - EmailonAcid Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus Blog explains that regularly cleaning your email list by removing inactive or disengaged subscribers improves deliverability and reduces the likelihood of spam complaints, which directly impacts FBL data.

May 2022 - Litmus Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks suggests that if a campaign meets the volume threshold and has generic identifiers, aggregation is possible, but complaints coming in over two weeks may not be enough for daily aggregation, leading to no reporting despite many complaints.

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet Blog shares that monitoring your sending reputation is crucial, and Google Postmaster Tools, including FBL, can help identify issues leading to spam complaints, such as sending unwanted content or having poor list hygiene.

April 2023 - Mailjet Blog

What the experts say
7Expert opinions

Google's Feedback Loop (FBL) is designed to help senders improve email quality by identifying campaigns generating spam complaints. FBL data should not be used for list washing; instead, senders should focus on improving list quality and terminating problematic customers. Identifiers in FBL should target customers, campaigns, or traffic types, not individual recipients. Google generates FBL reports only if an identifier is present in a sufficient volume of emails and spam reports. Using a mix of broad and narrow identifier categories can help achieve the necessary volume for aggregation. Proper implementation involves accurate DKIM setup and consistent Feedback-ID headers. Monitoring complaint rates and correctly authenticating mail are essential for effective FBL usage. The number of identifiers shared by Google can be found on the GPT Feedback Loop page.

Key opinions

  • Purpose of FBL: FBL aims to improve email quality, not enable list washing.
  • Identifier Usage: Use identifiers to track customers, campaigns, or traffic types, not recipients.
  • Reporting Threshold: Sufficient email and spam report volume is required for FBL report generation.
  • Identifier Categories: Use a mix of broad and narrow categories for better aggregation.
  • DKIM Importance: Accurate DKIM setup is critical for FBL function.
  • Header Implementation: Consistent Feedback-ID headers are essential.

Key considerations

  • List Washing: Avoid using FBL data to suppress complaining recipients.
  • Identifier Volume: Ensure sufficient volume for each identifier category.
  • Monitoring: Regularly monitor complaint rates.
  • Authentication: Properly authenticate mail using DKIM and other methods.
  • Identifier Information: Consult the GPT Feedback Loop page for information on the number of identifiers shared by Google.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests using broader and narrower categories for identifiers to get aggregates on categories that achieve enough volume.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that under the GPT Feedback Loop page, you should see the number of identifiers Google is willing to share.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that using DKIM selectors in your Feedback-ID headers is important for identifying the source of spam complaints and for properly implementing FBL. Proper DKIM setup is critical for the FBL to function effectively.

October 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that Google does not want senders using FBL data to wash their lists, as they want senders to improve the quality of their lists and terminate bad customers, not suppress complaining recipients.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks quotes Google's policy that FBL reports are only generated if a given Identifier is present in a certain volume of emails and distinct user spam reports for a given day's traffic.

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that understanding Google's Feedback Loop involves knowing how to properly authenticate your mail, monitor complaint rates, and ensure your Feedback-ID headers are correctly implemented to identify and mitigate spam issues effectively.

February 2025 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that Google FBL identifiers should be used to identify customers, campaigns, or traffic types rather than recipients.

August 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Google's Feedback Loop (FBL) is a tool designed to help senders identify campaigns causing spam complaints among Gmail users. Key functionalities include authenticating email, identifying sending sources, and monitoring spam rates. Implementing FBL requires DKIM authentication, with the DKIM selector published in the Feedback-ID header. The Feedback-ID header must be structured as `Feedback-ID: a:b:c:SenderId`, where a, b, and c are sender-defined identifiers, and SenderId uniquely identifies the campaign. DKIM is fundamental to FBL, enabling mail providers to trace spam issues back to the original sender. High email volumes are necessary to generate FBL data.

Key findings

  • FBL Function: Identifies campaigns generating spam complaints.
  • Authentication: Requires DKIM authentication for implementation.
  • Header Structure: Feedback-ID header must follow a specific structure: `Feedback-ID: a:b:c:SenderId`.
  • DKIM Core: DKIM is the core technology enabling FBL.

Key considerations

  • DKIM Selector: Publish the DKIM selector in the Feedback-ID header.
  • High Volume: Requires high email volumes to generate FBL data.
  • Identifier Definition: Define identifiers 'a', 'b', and 'c' in Feedback-ID to track relevant data.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools Help details that to implement FBL, senders must authenticate their email using DKIM. The DKIM selector used to sign the email must be published in the Feedback-ID header. High volumes of email are required to generate FBL data.

July 2021 - Google Postmaster Tools Help
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools Help states that the Feedback-ID header should be structured as Feedback-ID: a:b:c:SenderId, where 'a', 'b', and 'c' are identifiers chosen by the sender, and SenderId is a unique identifier for the campaign.

September 2024 - Google Postmaster Tools Help
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools Help explains that the Feedback Loop (FBL) is a tool for senders to identify campaigns that are generating spam complaints from Gmail users, and allows senders to authenticate email, identify sending sources, and monitor spam rates.

November 2022 - Google Postmaster Tools Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC4871 details that DKIM is the core element on which FBL is predicated. DKIM is used to track the origin of emails to help mail providers trace spam issues to their original sender.

December 2022 - RFC4871