Does using images instead of text affect email deliverability?

Summary

The consensus among email marketing experts, marketers, and technical documentation is that using images instead of text can negatively impact email deliverability. A poor text-to-image ratio is a common trigger for spam filters, as spammers often use images to hide malicious links or bypass these filters. Emails with excessive images, especially without sufficient text or appropriate alt text, are likely to be flagged as spam and can harm sender reputation. It's crucial to maintain a healthy balance of text and images. Embedding all text as an image is strongly discouraged due to SEO issues and potential blocking by email clients. Using alt text on images is critical for conveying the image's purpose even when images are blocked. Avoid image-only emails and ensure images are hosted on trusted servers. The '80/20 text-to-image ratio' is often misunderstood; thoughtful use is more important than rigid adherence to a specific ratio.

Key findings

  • Poor Ratio = Spam: A poor text-to-image ratio can trigger spam filters.
  • Excessive Images = Flagged: Excessive use of images can lead email clients to flag emails as spam and negatively impact sender reputation.
  • Image-Only = Bad: Image-only emails are likely to be flagged as spam.
  • SEO Impact: Embedding all text as an image is bad for SEO, and search engines are unable to crawl this information.
  • Accessibility Issue: Using images instead of text excludes people who use text readers.

Key considerations

  • Maintain Balance: Maintain a healthy balance of text and images in emails.
  • Use Alt Text: Use descriptive alt text on all images to ensure their purpose is conveyed even when blocked.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid image-only emails; always include sufficient text.
  • Trusted Hosting: Host images on trusted servers to avoid deliverability issues.
  • Consider User Experience: Take user experience into consideration, because phones will display the image much differently than desktop.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

The consensus among email marketers is that using images instead of text can negatively impact email deliverability. A poor text-to-image ratio is a common trigger for spam filters, as spammers often use images to hide malicious links or bypass these filters. While visually appealing emails are encouraged, excessive use of images, especially without sufficient text, can lead email clients to flag the email as spam. Maintaining a healthy balance of text and images is crucial. Embedding all text as an image is also discouraged due to SEO issues and potential blocking of images by email clients. Using alt text on images is critical for conveying the image's purpose, even when images are blocked. The overall recommendation is to strive for a reasonable text-to-image balance and avoid image-only emails.

Key opinions

  • Poor Ratio Triggers Spam: A poor text-to-image ratio can trigger spam filters.
  • Excessive Images Flagged: Excessive use of images can lead email clients to flag emails as spam.
  • Image-Only Emails Discouraged: Image-only emails are likely to be flagged as spam.
  • Images Blocked: Some clients block images by default.
  • SEO Issues: Embedding all text as an image is bad for SEO.

Key considerations

  • Maintain Balance: Maintain a healthy balance of text and images.
  • Use Alt Text: Use alt text on images to convey their purpose when blocked.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid image-only emails.
  • Consider Mobile: Be aware that images will display differently across devices so testing across multiple platforms is important.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that using too many images in a newsletter can lead to deliverability issues. He says that email clients prefer a good balance of text and images, and image-heavy newsletters are often flagged as spam.

February 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus states that using alt text on images is critical for deliverability. They explain that alt text ensures the purpose of the image is conveyed even if the images are blocked.

March 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares that you should strive to include both text and images in your campaigns. Avoid image-only emails, as these are likely to be flagged as spam. This can cause deliverability issues in the future.

November 2023 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot responds that using a healthy balance of both text and images is important to avoid triggering spam filters. Emails with very little text and large images are often seen as spam.

January 2024 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailOnAcid shares that while there's no 'magic' ratio, too many images and too little text can be a problem for deliverability. They recommend using alt text on images and maintaining a reasonable text-to-image balance.

March 2021 - EmailOnAcid
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow responds that embedding all text as an image in an email is a bad practice. Search engines can’t crawl text embedded within images which makes it bad for SEO. Some clients block images by default.

August 2023 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks says to generally avoid images in place of text. She states that images won't help a custom field problem and the user experience could be negatively impacted. It would also require rigorous testing because phones will display the image much differently than desktop.

October 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue answers that while visually appealing emails can enhance engagement, excessive use of images can negatively impact deliverability. Email clients may view emails with a high image-to-text ratio as spam.

August 2021 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a poor text-to-image ratio can trigger spam filters. They share that emails consisting of mostly images and little text are often flagged as spam because spammers often use images to hide malicious links or bypass spam filters.

November 2021 - Mailjet

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Experts generally agree that images in email can affect deliverability, though not always as a direct cause. Overuse of images, especially when text is lacking or used inappropriately (e.g., embedding all text as an image), can increase the likelihood of emails landing in spam folders and harming sender reputation. Images can contribute to deliverability issues if they dominate the message, lack alt text, or are hosted on untrusted servers. The '80/20 text-to-image ratio' rule, often cited, may be a misinterpretation. While images aren't inherently bad, they're a factor considered by spam filters, and their use should be thoughtful.

Key opinions

  • Image Overuse Hurts: Overuse of images can cause emails to land in the spam folder and lower sender reputation.
  • Dominance Issues: Images dominating the message can lead to deliverability problems.
  • Alt Text Matters: Lack of alt text on images can negatively impact deliverability.
  • Trusted Servers: Images hosted on untrusted servers can contribute to deliverability issues.
  • 80/20 Misconception: The 80/20 text-to-image ratio is often misinterpreted and not a strict rule.

Key considerations

  • Avoid Overuse: Avoid overusing images in emails.
  • Provide Alt Text: Ensure all images have descriptive alt text.
  • Host Images Wisely: Host images on trusted servers.
  • Consider Engagement: Lack of engagement (e.g., due to inaccessible content) can have second-order effects on deliverability.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that images in email can contribute to deliverability problems if they dominate the message, lack alt text, or are hosted on untrusted servers. Images aren't inherently bad, but they can be a component of spam filtering decisions.

November 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that using too many images in your email can cause your email to land in the spam folder and lower your sender reputation. However, it's important to note that there are a lot of factors that email providers consider, not just images. So while it won't always be the only reason, it can be a contributing reason.

November 2022 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends against using images with text because it excludes people who use text readers. She hasn't seen any direct effect on deliverability but suggests there may be second-order effects due to the lack of measurable engagement.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says the linked article is a mess and makes no sense. It seems to be taking the wrong '80/20 text to image ratio in an email' recommendation and translating that to 'an image should be no more than 20% text'. She believes the author appears to be making stuff up about delivery.

July 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Technical documentation consistently indicates that using images instead of text can negatively affect email deliverability. Spam filters analyze the ratio of images to text, and emails with high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam. This is partly because spammers use images to hide URLs or bypass text-based spam filters. Furthermore, emails predominantly composed of images can lead to recipients marking them as spam, negatively impacting sender reputation. Bulk emails should avoid the exclusive use of images, as images may be unavailable and text ensures the message can still be interpreted. Mail clients should also notify users when an email contains only images and implement safeguards to protect against undesirable content.

Key findings

  • Image/Text Ratio: Spam filters analyze the ratio of images to text in emails.
  • High Image Content: Emails with high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam.
  • Sender Reputation: Recipients marking emails as spam negatively impacts sender reputation.
  • Image Blocking: Images may be unavailable to the recipient, requiring text for interpretation.

Key considerations

  • Balance Content: Maintain a balance between images and text in emails.
  • Avoid Image-Only: Avoid exclusive use of images in bulk emails.
  • Safeguards: Implement safeguards for emails containing only images.
  • Accessibility: Ensure that text accompanies images so that all recipients can interpret the message.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that mail clients should be capable of notifying users when an email contains only images. It advises to implement safeguards so that users understand that images may contain undesirable content.

February 2025 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that spam filters analyze email content, including the ratio of images to text. Emails with a high image content and low text content are more likely to be flagged as spam because spammers use images to hide URLs and other text-based elements that could be caught by spam filters.

December 2022 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools shares that if a high percentage of your recipients mark your emails as spam, it will negatively impact your sender reputation and cause deliverability problems. This can be triggered by emails containing suspicious content such as those that are predominantly images.

February 2023 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that bulk emails should avoid the exclusive use of images, because images can sometimes be unavailable to the recipient. They recommend including text so that the user is still able to interpret the message.

July 2023 - Microsoft