Are COVID-19 related emails causing deliverability issues?

Summary

Experts, marketers, and documentation generally agree that COVID-19 related emails, in themselves, were not the primary cause of deliverability issues. The problems were mainly linked to factors such as increased email volumes, changes in sending patterns, poor list hygiene, subscriber fatigue, failing to authenticate emails, and the rise of phishing and scam emails exploiting the pandemic. ESPs increased scrutiny on all emails during the start of the pandemic. ML filters consider multiple factors beyond just keywords. Maintaining clean lists, authenticating emails, segmenting audiences, and sending valuable, targeted content are crucial for avoiding deliverability problems.

Key findings

  • Volume Surge & Pattern Changes: The pandemic caused a surge in email volume and changes in sending patterns, triggering spam filters.
  • List Hygiene Impact: Poor list hygiene practices exacerbated deliverability issues.
  • Authentication Importance: Proper email authentication is critical for ensuring deliverability.
  • Subscriber Fatigue: Increased email frequency led to subscriber fatigue and decreased engagement.
  • Keyword sensitivity: Content filters might flag emails containing specific keywords related to current events, including COVID-19
  • ESP scrutiny: ESPs placed increased scrutiny on all emails during the start of the pandemic

Key considerations

  • Maintain List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive or unengaged subscribers.
  • Authenticate Emails: Implement and maintain email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • Segment Audiences: Segment email lists to target specific groups of subscribers with relevant content.
  • Consistent Sending: Maintain consistent sending patterns and avoid sudden spikes in volume.
  • Relevance & Value: Focus on sending valuable and relevant content to avoid subscriber fatigue and spam complaints.

What email marketers say
7Marketer opinions

While there wasn't a widespread block on COVID-19 related emails, various email marketers and platforms observed increased email volumes and changing user behavior during the pandemic. Deliverability issues were primarily linked to factors like sudden shifts in sending patterns, poor list hygiene, subscriber fatigue due to increased frequency, and a greater need for relevant and empathetic messaging. Maintaining clean lists, authenticating emails, segmenting audiences, and sending valuable, targeted content are crucial for avoiding deliverability problems.

Key opinions

  • Increased Volume: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a significant surge in email volumes across various industries.
  • Decreased Engagement: Engagement rates, such as open rates and click-through rates, generally declined as a result of subscriber fatigue.
  • List Hygiene: Poor list management practices, like sending to inactive or unengaged subscribers, exacerbated deliverability issues.
  • Empathy & Relevance: The need for empathetic and relevant messaging became more critical to avoid negative impacts on sender reputation.
  • ESPs scrutiny: Some ESPs increased scrutiny, penalising poorly crafted emails

Key considerations

  • Maintain List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive or unengaged subscribers.
  • Authenticate Emails: Implement email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to improve sender reputation.
  • Segment Audiences: Segment audiences based on engagement and preferences to send targeted content.
  • Relevant Content: Focus on providing valuable and relevant content that addresses subscribers' needs and interests.
  • Monitor Sending Patterns: Avoid sudden spikes in email volume that can trigger spam filters.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that COVID-19 has led to increased email volume and the need for brands to communicate with empathy and relevance. While not directly causing deliverability issues, the need for careful segmentation and messaging is highlighted to avoid negative impacts.

December 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Validity explains that while they didn't see a widespread blanket block on COVID-19 related emails, they emphasized the importance of maintaining good list hygiene and relevance, as increased email volume and changed customer behavior could impact deliverability.

July 2024 - Validity
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow responds that deliverability issues related to COVID-19 messaging were more about increased email volume and poor list management practices than the topic itself. Maintaining a clean list and following authentication best practices are crucial.

October 2024 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares how they saw certain ESPs placing an increased scrutiny on all emails during the start of the pandemic in 2020 - and so any poorly crafted emails were more likely to be penalised.

August 2024 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that they observed a surge in email volumes and a slight decrease in engagement rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. They noted that some industries experienced deliverability challenges due to sudden changes in sending patterns and content.

April 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that COVID-19 related emails initially had higher open rates but quickly led to subscriber fatigue. Sending relevant and valuable content is key to avoiding deliverability issues regardless of the topic.

September 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeeks shares in the forum that sending too many emails, even with relevant COVID-19 updates, can negatively impact deliverability. Segmenting audiences and tailoring messages are important to prevent subscribers from marking emails as spam.

July 2024 - EmailGeeks

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Experts generally agree that COVID-19 related emails themselves are not the primary cause of deliverability issues. While some filters may be more sensitive to COVID-19 related keywords, problems are more often linked to factors such as reactivating old email addresses, changes in sending volume, poor list hygiene, failing to authenticate emails, and the rise of phishing and scam emails exploiting the pandemic. Machine learning filters consider multiple factors beyond just keywords, and blocking based on a single word/phrase is considered too broad and ineffective.

Key opinions

  • No Blanket Block: Experts are not seeing evidence of a widespread blocking of legitimate emails containing COVID-19 related content.
  • Focus on Sender Practices: Deliverability issues are primarily attributed to changes in sending volume, poor list hygiene, and lack of email authentication.
  • ML Filter Complexity: Machine learning filters consider multiple factors beyond just the presence of COVID-19 related keywords.
  • Phishing and Scams: The surge in phishing and scam emails exploiting the pandemic can indirectly damage the overall reputation of emails surrounding that topic.
  • Reactivating old data: Sending to reactivated old email addresses, can cause deliverability issues.

Key considerations

  • Prioritize List Hygiene: Maintain a clean email list by removing inactive or unengaged subscribers.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to improve sender reputation.
  • Monitor Sending Volume: Avoid sudden spikes in email volume that can trigger spam filters.
  • Combat Phishing and Scams: Be vigilant in identifying and reporting phishing and scam emails related to COVID-19.
  • Consider the broader context: Be aware that even legitimate emails could be affected if sent alongside phishing and scams
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that while legitimate COVID-19 related emails may not directly cause deliverability problems, there's a surge in phishing and scam emails exploiting the pandemic which may damage the overall reputation of emails surrounding that topic.

February 2025 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that ML filters don’t work on single pieces of information, so even if there’s a trend of COVID-19 emails being spam, there’s also a high volume of legitimate COVID-19 emails so it doesn’t work. Also the filter must apply 'non-spam doesn't' test

January 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds that while some filters may be more sensitive to COVID-19 related keywords, the primary cause of deliverability issues is more likely due to changes in sending volume, poor list hygiene, and failing to authenticate your email.

November 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that marking an irrelevant email as spam considers the domain, source IP, authentication, message stream, and from address, not just the presence of 'COVID-19'.

September 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that blocking based on a single word/phrase like COVID-19 is too broad, because there is as much legitimate COVID-19 email as there is spam. Most providers also reject for non-existent email addresses before content is seen.

November 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares she isn't seeing evidence that clients mailing about COVID-19 are being blocked. However, companies reactivating old addresses are experiencing issues, which is not related to COVID-19 content.

April 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
3Technical articles

Technical documentation from Gmail, Microsoft, and RFC emphasizes that while content related to trending topics like COVID-19 can trigger spam filters, the primary focus for ensuring deliverability is maintaining consistent sending patterns, properly authenticating emails, and targeting engaged recipients. Properly formatted and well-authenticated emails will not be penalized based solely on content.

Key findings

  • Sending Pattern Sensitivity: Sudden changes in sending patterns can trigger spam filters, particularly when related to trending topics.
  • Content Filtering: Content filters may flag emails containing specific keywords related to current events, including COVID-19.
  • Authentication Importance: Proper email authentication is crucial for ensuring deliverability and avoiding penalties based on content.
  • Targeted Recipients: Targeting engaged recipients is important for maintaining a positive sender reputation.
  • Message formatting: Accurate message formatting is key to ensure email validity

Key considerations

  • Maintain Consistency: Maintain a consistent sending volume and avoid sudden spikes.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • Target Engagement: Focus on sending emails to engaged recipients.
  • Monitor Content: Be mindful of keywords related to current events that may trigger spam filters.
  • Accurate formatting: Ensure accurate message formatting and authentication
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft shares that content filters might flag emails containing specific keywords related to current events, including COVID-19. Senders should ensure emails are properly authenticated and targeted to engaged recipients.

July 2022 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains the need for accurately formatted emails, it explains that emails that are crafted correctly and are well authenticated will not be penalised based on content alone.

May 2022 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Gmail Help explains that sudden changes in sending patterns, including content related to trending topics like COVID-19, can trigger spam filters. It is important to maintain a consistent sending volume and positive sender reputation.

October 2023 - Gmail Help