Why was there a sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings?

Summary

A sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings can stem from a variety of factors including new spam campaigns, increased spam activity from particular networks, compromised accounts, a sudden influx of spam reports, compromised sending infrastructure, a spike in spam complaints, aggressive spam campaigns, new botnet activity, compromised email servers, misconfigured mail servers, recent vulnerabilities or exploits in email sending software, or external/internal security breaches. Occasionally, listings can be mistakes. Increased CSS listings are designed to stop spam and usually indicate a larger volume of unsolicited email. Close monitoring of IP and domain reputation is crucial, as is swift action to mitigate the impact on deliverability.

Key findings

  • Multiple Potential Causes: Many factors can trigger a spike in Spamhaus CSS listings, making diagnosis challenging.
  • Spam Volume Increase: The underlying cause is always a rise in the volume of unsolicited email originating from the listed IP addresses.
  • Deliverability Impact: Spamhaus listings can significantly damage email deliverability, requiring prompt action.
  • Mistakes Can Happen: Occasionally, listings can result from errors and may be quickly resolved.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Continuously monitor IP and domain reputation to detect issues promptly.
  • Investigate Sending Practices: Thoroughly investigate recent email activity, feedback loops, and sending practices to pinpoint the source of the problem.
  • Security Audits: Regularly perform security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities in email infrastructure.
  • Software Updates: Keep email sending software updated to patch vulnerabilities that could be exploited.
  • Security Measures: Implement robust security measures to prevent both external attacks and internal security breaches.
  • Swift Delisting: Act quickly to address the underlying issues and work towards delisting from Spamhaus.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

A sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings can stem from various factors, including new spam campaigns, compromised accounts, spam reports, compromised infrastructure, vulnerabilities in email software, or misconfigured servers. Some instances may also be due to mistakes or temporary spikes. Monitoring IP and domain reputation is crucial.

Key opinions

  • Mistakes Happen: Some increases were due to mistakes by Spamhaus and quickly resolved.
  • Spam Campaigns: A new spam campaign or increased spam activity is a common cause.
  • Compromised Accounts: Compromised email accounts sending spam contribute to listings.
  • Infrastructure Issues: Compromised sending infrastructure or misconfigured servers lead to increased spam output.
  • Software Vulnerabilities: Exploits in email sending software can cause spam surges.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Closely monitor IP and domain reputation to detect issues early.
  • Security Audits: Perform security audits to identify and address vulnerabilities.
  • Software Updates: Keep email sending software updated to patch vulnerabilities.
  • Review Sending Practices: Review recent email activity, feedback loops, and sending practices to identify potential issues.
  • Implement Security Measures: Implement security measures to prevent outside attacks and address insider risks.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Spamhaus Forum suggests that a sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings could be due to a new spam campaign or an increase in spam activity from a particular network.

November 2024 - Spamhaus Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange shares that a sudden increase in CSS listings may indicate a compromised email server or a misconfigured mail server, leading to increased spam output. Security audits should be performed.

June 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares a link indicating that the Spamhaus listings appeared to be a mistake and that Mailgun is re-sending impacted messages.

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks indicates an increase in CSS listings with Spamhaus involving random IPs across different subnets.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that an ESPC call mentioned a few ESPs experiencing listbomb listings.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit r/emailmarketing suggests that compromised accounts or a sudden influx of spam reports are potential causes for a surge in Spamhaus CSS listings.

February 2025 - Reddit r/emailmarketing
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailBlog suggests that you consider the idea of an outside attacker, or if there's been an inside security risk that can explain sudden spikes in blacklists. Implement security.

December 2023 - MailBlog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks confirms that the Spamhaus listings were a mistake and that action was taken to reduce the impact after review.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeeks forum suggests a recent vulnerability or exploit in email sending software could cause a surge in spam activity, resulting in a sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings. Update all software.

February 2025 - EmailGeeks forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from MarketingPro talks about the importance of closely monitoring IP and domain reputation. A sudden increase in Spamhaus listings is an indication that action is required immediately to stop the bleeding.

June 2022 - MarketingPro
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Deliverability Blog explains that sudden increases in Spamhaus listings can be attributed to a variety of factors, including compromised sending infrastructure, a sudden spike in spam complaints, or aggressive spam campaigns targeting a specific IP range.

January 2023 - Email Deliverability Blog

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

A sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings is often linked to a spike in spam complaints, potentially stemming from new campaigns or altered sending habits. This can severely impact email deliverability, necessitating close monitoring and swift action to achieve delisting.

Key opinions

  • Spam Complaints: Increased spam complaints are a primary driver of sudden spikes in Spamhaus CSS listings.
  • Deliverability Impact: Spamhaus listings can significantly harm email deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Investigate Sending Practices: Analyze recent email campaigns and sending practices for unusual activity or changes.
  • Review Feedback Loops: Examine feedback loops to identify sources of spam complaints.
  • Monitor Deliverability: Closely monitor email deliverability metrics to detect and respond to listing impacts.
  • Work Towards Delisting: Take proactive steps to address the issues causing the listing and work towards delisting from Spamhaus.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that a sudden increase in Spamhaus listings can significantly impact email deliverability. This expert site suggests monitoring deliverability closely and working to get delisted quickly.

February 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource.com suggests a sudden spike in Spamhaus CSS listings may be due to an increase in spam complaints, potentially triggered by a recent campaign or change in sending practices. They recommend investigating recent email activity and feedback loops.

April 2022 - Spamresource.com

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

A sudden increase in Spamhaus CSS listings signifies a higher volume of spam being sent from listed IP addresses. This increase can be attributed to factors like new botnet activity or a surge in compromised email accounts sending spam. Listings are automatically removed after a period of inactivity.

Key findings

  • Increased Spam Volume: Spamhaus CSS listings increase when a higher volume of spam is detected from specific IPs.
  • Botnet Activity: New botnet activity can cause a sudden increase in spam being sent.
  • Compromised Accounts: A surge in compromised email accounts can significantly increase spam volume.
  • Automatic Removal: CSS listings are automatically removed when the spam source becomes inactive.

Key considerations

  • Review Sending Practices: Carefully examine current sending practices to identify potential sources of increased spam activity.
  • Enhance Security: Implement stronger security measures to prevent botnet activity and compromised email accounts.
  • Identify Spam Source: Quickly identify the source of the increased spam volume to mitigate the issue.
  • Monitor Listings: Closely monitor Spamhaus CSS listings to react promptly to changes in status.
Technical article

Documentation from MultiRBL indicates that listings, especially on Spamhaus, are designed to stop spam. A sudden increase indicates a larger volume of unsolicited email.

November 2024 - MultiRBL
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that the CSS (Composite Spam Score) list is a real-time database of IP addresses that have been detected sending spam. A sudden increase in listings suggests a higher volume of spam being sent from those IPs, triggering the listings.

September 2023 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from MailChannels shares that a sudden increase can be caused by new botnet activity, or a large increase in compromised email accounts being used to send spam. It is important to review sending practices and security to identify the source.

September 2021 - MailChannels
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus FAQ explains that CSS listings are automatically removed after a period of inactivity, indicating that the spam source is no longer active. A sudden increase followed by a decrease often indicates a temporary spike in spam activity.

June 2021 - Spamhaus