Why is there a sudden increase in Gmail spam filtering?

Summary

A sudden surge in Gmail spam filtering can arise from multiple interconnected factors. Gmail's continuously evolving algorithms, designed to combat new spam tactics, play a significant role, potentially impacting previously compliant senders. User-reported spam and phishing attempts trigger these algorithm changes. Reduced email reputation due to poor list hygiene (sending to unengaged addresses or using purchased lists), problematic content, or low engagement (opens, clicks) can increase filtering. Technical issues like incorrect DKIM setup, changes in DMARC policies, or being on a blocklisted IP/domain contribute. Spikes in email volume and temporary glitches in Gmail's infrastructure also play a part. Using shared IPs is another cause.

Key findings

  • Evolving Algorithms: Gmail's spam filtering algorithms are constantly evolving to adapt to new spamming techniques.
  • User Feedback: User-reported spam and phishing attempts drive changes in Gmail's algorithms.
  • Sender Reputation Matters: A negative sender reputation, influenced by spam complaints, low engagement, or blocklisting, increases filtering.
  • List Hygiene is Crucial: Poor list hygiene (unengaged addresses, purchased lists) triggers stricter filtering.
  • Content Impacts: Problematic keywords or phrases in email content can trigger spam filters.
  • Authentication is Key: Incorrect SPF, DKIM, and DMARC setup makes emails vulnerable to spoofing and increases spam filtering.
  • Email Volume: Email volume increases can be interpreted as spam behavior.
  • Shared IPs pose risk: Using a shared IP means the actions of other senders impacts your deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Deliverability: Actively monitor deliverability metrics, including bounce rates, spam complaints, and inbox placement.
  • Maintain List Hygiene: Regularly clean and segment email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses.
  • Review Content: Review email content for potentially problematic keywords or phrases.
  • Implement Strong Authentication: Ensure correct SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configurations.
  • Gradual Volume Increase: Gradually increase email sending volume to establish a positive sender reputation.
  • Avoid Purchased Lists: Never use purchased email lists, as they severely damage sender reputation.
  • Monitor Reputation: Check IP and domain reputation regularly and address any blocklisting promptly.
  • Focus on Engagement: Encourage engagement with content, and remove users who do not engage.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

A sudden increase in Gmail spam filtering can be attributed to a variety of factors, including changes in Gmail's spam filtering algorithms, often triggered by user-reported spam or phishing attempts. Issues with sender reputation, poor list hygiene, problematic email content, or even temporary glitches within Gmail's infrastructure can also lead to increased filtering. Furthermore, shared IP addresses can impact deliverability if other senders on the same IP engage in spam-like activities, and using purchased email lists can severely damage sender reputation. Newly rolled out features and reduced email engagement metrics such as opens and clicks can also lead to aggressive filtering.

Key opinions

  • Algorithm Updates: Gmail's spam filters are continuously updated, leading to fluctuations in filtering effectiveness.
  • Sender Reputation: A negative sender reputation, influenced by spam complaints or low engagement, significantly increases the likelihood of spam filtering.
  • List Hygiene: Poor list hygiene, including sending to unengaged or invalid addresses, triggers stricter spam filters.
  • Content Issues: Problematic keywords or phrases in email content can trigger spam filters.
  • Email Volume Spikes: Sudden increases in email volume can be interpreted as spam-like behavior and lead to increased filtering.
  • Shared IPs: Using a shared IP address makes you vulnerable to the sending practices of other users on that IP.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Deliverability: Actively monitor email deliverability metrics, including bounce rates and spam complaints.
  • Clean Email Lists: Regularly clean and segment email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses.
  • Review Content: Review email content for potentially problematic keywords or phrases.
  • Authenticate Email: Ensure proper email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are in place.
  • Gradual Volume Increase: Gradually increase email sending volume to establish a positive sender reputation.
  • Avoid Purchased Lists: Refrain from using purchased email lists, as they can severely damage sender reputation.
  • Track Engagement: Monitor engagement metrics (opens, clicks) and address any declines promptly.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's Blog shares that sudden increases in spam filtering can be due to changes in Gmail's algorithm, triggered by a high volume of user-reported spam or phishing attempts. He suggests checking your sender reputation and ensuring proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).

November 2022 - Neil Patel's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sender explains that temporary issues with Gmail's infrastructure could lead to incorrect filtering of emails. While rare, these glitches can cause a temporary spike in spam filtering.

February 2023 - Sender
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange shares that poor list hygiene (sending to old or unengaged email addresses) can lead to higher spam complaints, triggering stricter filtering. They recommend regularly cleaning your email list to remove inactive subscribers.

June 2024 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares insight that aggressive filtering can come about when Gmail rolls out new features which results in low inbox placement rates.

December 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from an Email Marketing Forum warns against using purchased email lists. They explain that these lists often contain invalid or spam trap addresses, leading to high bounce rates and spam complaints, which negatively impact sender reputation.

June 2024 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that changes in email content can trigger spam filters. They advise reviewing recent email campaigns for potentially problematic keywords or phrases that might be associated with spam.

December 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks reports seeing similar spikes with some of the users he interfaces with. He advises noting any actual deliverability impact, bounces, or changes in domain/IP reputation to gauge whether or not further investigation is needed.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they once had a 38% spike for a domain they don’t use in forms.

February 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailToolTester explains that if your are on a shared IP address then you are vulnerable to the sending practises of other email marketers using that same IP. If one of those IP's is spamming, then your emails will also be marked as spam.

February 2023 - EmailToolTester
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a sudden increase in spam filtering could be triggered by a sudden spike in email volume. They recommend gradually increasing email volume to build sender reputation and avoid being flagged as a spammer.

August 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps shares that reduced email reputation leads to higher spam filtering. This can come about from reduced engagement metrics such as opens and clicks.

March 2025 - GlockApps

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Sudden increases in Gmail spam filtering often result from algorithm updates aimed at improving spam detection. These updates can affect previously compliant senders. Additionally, a rise in user complaints or a decline in engagement can cause Gmail to move previously inboxed emails to spam. Maintaining list hygiene and relevant content are crucial.

Key opinions

  • Algorithm Updates: Gmail's spam filtering algorithms are continuously updated to combat evolving spam tactics.
  • User Complaints & Engagement: Increased user complaints or decreased engagement can trigger Gmail to filter emails as spam.

Key considerations

  • Stay Updated: Keep abreast of Gmail's algorithm changes and best practices to maintain deliverability.
  • List Hygiene: Focus on maintaining a clean and engaged email list.
  • Content Relevance: Ensure email content is relevant and engaging to prevent user complaints.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Laura Atkins, responds that Gmail can move previously inboxed emails to spam folders if there is an increase in complaints, or if the user no longer engages with the emails. They suggest focusing on list hygiene, and relevant content.

May 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from SpamResource explains that sudden shifts in Gmail spam filtering often correlate with algorithm updates designed to better identify and filter evolving spam tactics. These updates may impact senders who were previously compliant but now trigger new filters.

February 2024 - SpamResource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Sudden increases in Gmail spam filtering stem from various factors documented by Google, RFC, Spamhaus, and DKIM. Gmail's spam filters are continuously updated to adapt to new spamming techniques, with user reports contributing to filter refinement. Changes in DMARC policies, as outlined by RFC, can also impact deliverability. Spamhaus highlights the importance of IP and domain reputation, indicating that recent additions to blocklists can trigger higher spam filtering rates. DKIM emphasizes that incorrect DKIM setup leaves emails vulnerable to spoofing, increasing the risk of spam classification.

Key findings

  • Algorithm Updates: Gmail's spam filters are constantly updated to adapt to new spamming techniques.
  • DMARC Policy Changes: Frequent changes to DMARC policies can cause previously delivered emails to be filtered.
  • IP/Domain Reputation: A domain or IP being added to a blocklist can lead to a sudden increase in spam filtering.
  • DKIM Setup: Incorrect DKIM setup makes emails vulnerable to spoofing, increasing spam filtering likelihood.

Key considerations

  • Stay Updated: Continuously monitor updates to Gmail's spam filtering practices and email authentication standards.
  • Implement SPF, DKIM, DMARC: Properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to protect against spoofing and improve deliverability.
  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly check IP and domain reputation to ensure they are not on any blocklists.
  • Address Blocklist Issues: If blocklisted, take immediate steps to identify and resolve the underlying issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Support explains that Gmail's spam filters are constantly updated to adapt to new spamming techniques. This can lead to fluctuations in the number of emails filtered as spam. They also mention user reporting of spam helps refine the filters.

February 2025 - Google Support
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM explains that not setting up DKIM correctly will make your emails vulnerable to spoofing. This will result in a higher likelihood of spam filtering.

January 2024 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains the importance of SPF, DKIM and DMARC and how these are updated. DMARC policies in particular are changed frequently which causes emails which were previously delivered to now be filtered.

February 2025 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains the importance of IP and Domain reputation, and how these are used to determine spam filtering levels. If a domain/IP has been added to a blocklist recently this will suddenly cause higher spam filtering

January 2025 - Spamhaus