Why is my transactional email spam rate high, and how can I troubleshoot it?

Summary

High spam rates for transactional emails stem from various factors, requiring a multi-faceted troubleshooting approach. Gmail's unique feedback mechanisms necessitate using Postmaster Tools. Distinguishing mail streams with separate DKIM domains aids issue isolation. Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial, alongside maintaining a low spam rate (below 0.1%). Engagement significantly affects deliverability; irrelevant content leads to filtering. Protection against negative SEO attacks and list bombing is essential. Technical aspects like reverse DNS (rDNS) configuration and avoiding URL shorteners improve legitimacy. Monitoring sender reputation, cleaning email lists, testing emails, and managing email frequency are vital. Engagement level, or a lack of, negatively affects your deliverability.

Key findings

  • Gmail Data: Complaint data with Gmail is unique and only found via Postmaster Tools
  • Separate DKIM: Seperate DKIM records allow for segmenting and isolating deliverability issues
  • Authentication: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC setup must be checked and maintained
  • Sender Reputation: Monitoring your sender reputation directly impacts deliverability and needs to be checked
  • Content Relevance: Crafting valuable content and avoiding spammy keywords helps with deliverability
  • Email List Hygiene: Removing invalid emails and performing regular list cleaning boosts deliverability
  • Engagement: Engagement, or lack of, can affect deliverability
  • Negative SEO: Negative SEO attacks and list bombing can cause high complaint rates

Key considerations

  • Monitor Gmail via GPT: Ensure proper monitoring with Google Postmaster Tools
  • Use Separate DKIM: Using seperate DKIM's will help isolate the issues
  • Content is Key: Good, well written and engaging content is a must
  • Authenticate Your Emails: Configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC protocols to ensure legitimacy.
  • Dedicated IP: Consider using a dedicated IP address to build a strong sender reputation.
  • Feedback Loops: Set up feedback loops to track spam complaints proactively.
  • rDNS Configuration: Ensure a properly configured rDNS record maps your IP address to your domain.
  • Test Email: Use testing tools before sending emails
  • Protect against attacks: Implement measures like rate limiting and CAPTCHAs to defend against negative SEO attacks and list bombing.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Several factors can contribute to high spam rates for transactional emails. Monitoring sender reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Sender Score is crucial. The content should be relevant and valuable, avoiding spam trigger words. Maintaining list hygiene by removing inactive addresses and implementing double opt-in can reduce complaints. Testing emails before sending helps identify deliverability issues. Using a dedicated IP address can improve sender reputation. Managing email frequency and segmenting audiences is important to prevent recipient fatigue. Avoid URL shorteners and use full, transparent URLs. Review bounce logs to troubleshoot issues and set up feedback loops to track spam complaints. Also, engagement, or the lack of, affects your deliverability.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Monitoring sender reputation is essential for identifying and addressing deliverability issues.
  • Content Relevance: Irrelevant or poorly crafted content increases spam rates.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists reduces bounce rates and spam complaints.
  • Email Testing: Testing emails before sending helps identify and resolve deliverability issues.
  • Engagement: Engagement, or lack of, can negatively affect deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Tools & Metrics: Utilize tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Sender Score to monitor sender reputation and spam rates.
  • Content Optimization: Focus on providing valuable and relevant content while avoiding spam trigger words.
  • List Management: Implement double opt-in and regularly clean your email lists to maintain list hygiene.
  • Technical Setup: Consider using a dedicated IP address and properly configuring authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • Email Structure: Avoid URL shorteners and use full, transparent URLs in your transactional emails.
  • Feedback Loops: Set up feedback loops to track complaints and improve deliverability proactively.
  • Analysis of Failures: Review bounce logs to identify and resolve specific deliverability issues.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that using a dedicated IP address for transactional emails can improve sender reputation. It isolates your email traffic from other senders, allowing you to build a positive reputation over time.

February 2022 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares Neil Kumaran's statement about Gmail spam reporting being based on complaints from active users for inboxed emails, attributing the spam report to when the email was received. However, Alison notes that this doesn't always align with observed behavior.

July 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that sending too many emails can lead to recipient fatigue and increased spam complaints. They advise carefully managing email frequency and segmenting your audience to send relevant content at appropriate intervals.

February 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that irrelevant or poorly crafted content can significantly increase spam rates. They advise focusing on providing value to recipients and avoiding spam trigger words to improve deliverability.

September 2021 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum explains the need to review your bounce logs to troubleshoot reasons your transactional emails may have been marked as spam, also to clean the list.

July 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that regularly cleaning your email lists by removing inactive or invalid addresses can reduce bounce rates and spam complaints. They advise implementing a double opt-in process to ensure recipients genuinely want to receive your emails.

January 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass explains that using URL shorteners in transactional emails can trigger spam filters. They recommend using full, transparent URLs to improve deliverability.

June 2024 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that monitoring your sender reputation is crucial. They advise using tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Sender Score to identify potential issues and maintain a good sender reputation, which directly impacts deliverability.

November 2021 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that setting up feedback loops can help track complaints, if they are not already visable through the ESP

July 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains testing your emails before sending them can help identify potential deliverability issues. They recommend using email testing tools to check for spam triggers and ensure proper rendering across different email clients.

August 2023 - Email on Acid

What the experts say
8Expert opinions

Troubleshooting high transactional email spam rates involves understanding Gmail's unique feedback mechanisms (no traditional FBL, Postmaster Tools only) and ensuring proper DKIM setup to differentiate mail streams. Delayed complaint reporting and the potential for Google Workspace spam tracking add complexity. Engagement levels significantly impact deliverability; irrelevant emails may be filtered. Negative SEO attacks and list bombing can also drastically increase spam complaints, requiring protective measures like rate limiting and CAPTCHAs.

Key opinions

  • Gmail Feedback: Gmail uses Postmaster Tools for complaint data, not a traditional FBL.
  • DKIM Separation: Using separate DKIM domains for different email streams (marketing vs. transactional) aids in isolating issues.
  • Engagement Impact: Low engagement (low opens, clicks) can cause transactional emails to be marked as spam.
  • Negative SEO: Negative SEO attacks and list bombing can cause high complaint rates and require preventative action.

Key considerations

  • Monitor GPT: Regularly check Google Postmaster Tools for insights into spam rates and deliverability issues.
  • DKIM Configuration: Ensure proper DKIM setup for each email stream and register DKIM subdomain for GPT.
  • Content Value: Make transactional emails valuable and relevant to increase engagement.
  • Protect Against Attacks: Implement measures like rate limiting and CAPTCHAs to defend against negative SEO attacks and list bombing.
  • Complaint Delays: Be aware of possible delays in Google's complaint reporting.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says that if complaints happen on days when no emails are sent, this might indicate a Google issue where complaints are reported with a delay.

April 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests that using the same 'd=' for Mailchimp and transactional emails makes it impossible to distinguish complaints between the two streams. Possible causes for spam rate increases include problematic signups, DKIM replay issues, or increased spam filtering.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks confirms that Neil Kumaran's statement about Gmail spam reporting doesn't match the behavior she has observed either.

February 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise emphasizes the impact of engagement (or lack thereof) on deliverability, even for transactional emails. She highlights that if recipients are not engaging with transactional emails (e.g., not opening or clicking), mailbox providers may start filtering them as spam. She recommends focusing on ensuring the transactional emails are valuable and relevant to the recipients.

May 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains Gmail does not use a traditional FBL, and complaint data is only visible in Postmaster Tools.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains Google might track spam for emails going to Google Workspace, but due to legal reasons, they likely don't share that data.

July 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends registering the transactional DKIM subdomain for GPT to clarify which mail stream is causing the problems.

February 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource warns about negative SEO attacks and list bombing that can cause major deliverability issues. Steve explains that one of the symptoms of these type of attacks include increased complaints, and that actions can be taken in these situations such as using rate limiting and CAPTCHA.

July 2024 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), maintaining a low spam rate (below 0.1%), proper reverse DNS (rDNS) configuration, and adhering to best practices to avoid Outlook's junk email filter are crucial for preventing transactional emails from being marked as spam. Ensuring email legitimacy through these technical aspects improves deliverability.

Key findings

  • Email Authentication: Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC protocols are vital for email deliverability.
  • Spam Rate Threshold: Maintaining a spam rate below 0.1% is critical for avoiding deliverability issues, according to Google Postmaster Tools.
  • Reverse DNS: A correctly configured rDNS record validates the sending server's legitimacy.
  • Outlook Filtering: Adhering to deliverability best practices prevents emails from being flagged as junk by Outlook.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Setup: Implement and regularly verify SPF, DKIM, and DMARC settings.
  • Spam Rate Monitoring: Continuously monitor spam rates using Google Postmaster Tools and promptly address any spikes.
  • rDNS Configuration: Ensure a properly configured rDNS record maps your IP address to your domain.
  • Best Practices Adherence: Follow email deliverability best practices to avoid triggering Outlook's junk email filter and other spam filters.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools explains that maintaining a spam rate below 0.1% is crucial for avoiding deliverability issues. They advise regularly monitoring spam rates and taking immediate action if they exceed acceptable thresholds.

February 2022 - Google Postmaster Tools
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains the importance of a properly configured reverse DNS (rDNS) record. An rDNS record maps an IP address back to a domain name, helping to verify the legitimacy of the sending server.

November 2024 - RFC
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains how Outlook's junk email filter identifies and blocks suspicious emails. They advise following best practices for email deliverability to avoid being flagged as spam by Outlook users.

November 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid explains the importance of email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). Properly configuring these ensures that your emails are recognized as legitimate and reduces the likelihood of being marked as spam.

March 2023 - SendGrid