Why is Gmail sometimes slow to deliver email and how can I fix it?

Summary

Gmail delivery delays are multifaceted, stemming from inherent aspects of the email system (store-and-forward nature, network congestion), proactive ISP throttling to combat spam, and factors controllable by the sender. These controllable factors include sender reputation, email content (spam triggers, large attachments, excessive personalization), infrastructure setup (DNS, MX records, SPF, DMARC), and list management. Gmail's own filtering may also misclassify emails. Addressing these issues involves improving sender reputation, optimizing content, ensuring proper authentication, managing list hygiene, testing emails, self rate limiting sending, and monitoring Gmail's Postmaster Tools.

Key findings

  • Email System Basics: The store-and-forward nature of email and network congestion can inherently cause delays.
  • ISP Throttling: ISPs, including Gmail, use throttling to protect against spam and abuse.
  • Sender Reputation Matters: Poor sender reputation leads to delays or rejections.
  • Content is Critical: Spam triggers, large attachments, and excessive personalization in email content negatively impact deliverability.
  • Infrastructure Counts: Incorrect DNS settings, MX records, SPF and DMARC configurations cause delays.
  • Filtering: Gmail's filtering system might unexpectedly classify emails, causing delays.
  • Volume is key: Self rate limiting may help with high volume sending.

Key considerations

  • Improve Reputation: Implement consistent sending practices from reputable sources.
  • Optimize Content: Avoid spam triggers, compress attachments, use personalization judiciously.
  • Ensure Authentication: Set up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records correctly.
  • Maintain Lists: Clean and segment email lists.
  • Test Emails: Preview emails to identify potential issues.
  • Check Filters: Advise users to check spam and 'All Mail' folders, and whitelist senders.
  • Monitor Performance: Use Google Postmaster Tools and message tracing to monitor deliverability and identify issues.
  • Throttle Sending: Self rate limit the sending of email.
  • Use multiple IPs: Consider using multiple IPs.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Gmail delivery delays can stem from a variety of factors related to sender reputation, email content, infrastructure setup, and Gmail's own filtering mechanisms. Issues can range from poor IP reputation and blacklisting to spammy content, incorrect email configuration, and excessively large attachments. Solutions include improving sender reputation, optimizing email content, ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), segmenting email lists, testing emails, and avoiding spam triggers. Sometimes, Gmail's filters misclassify emails; checking spam and 'All Mail' folders, whitelisting senders, and creating filters can help.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation and blacklisted IPs can lead to significant delivery delays or rejection.
  • Email Content: Spammy content, large attachments, and excessive personalization can trigger spam filters, causing delays.
  • Configuration Issues: Incorrect email configuration, DNS issues, and blocked ports can hinder email delivery.
  • Gmail Filters: Gmail's filtering system can sometimes misclassify emails, leading to unexpected delays.
  • Rate Limiting: Sending too many emails too quickly can trigger rate limiting, causing Gmail to slow down delivery.

Key considerations

  • Improve Reputation: Focus on improving sender reputation through consistent sending practices and reputable ESPs.
  • Optimize Content: Optimize email content by avoiding spam triggers, compressing attachments, and using personalization judiciously.
  • Authenticate Email: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to improve deliverability.
  • Segment Lists: Segment email lists and send targeted content to improve engagement and reduce the likelihood of delays.
  • Test Emails: Test emails before sending to identify and fix potential issues that might trigger spam filters.
  • Monitor and Adjust: Regularly monitor email delivery performance and adjust sending practices as needed.
  • Check Gmail Filters: Advise users to check 'All Mail' and 'Spam' folders, whitelist senders, and create filters.
  • Rate Limit Self: Self impose rate limits.
  • Multiple IPs: Consider using multiple IP addresses for sending email.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet suggests that email delivery delays can be minimized by ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), maintaining a clean email list, and warming up your IP address. They also emphasize the importance of avoiding spam triggers in email content.

March 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that the sender's IP reputation heavily impacts delivery speed. Blacklisted IPs or IPs with poor sending history will face significant delays or outright rejection. Solutions include improving IP reputation through consistent sending practices and using reputable email service providers.

February 2022 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's Blog explains that several factors influence email delivery time, including sender reputation, email content, and recipient engagement. Poor sender reputation, spammy content, and low engagement can lead to delays. He recommends improving sender reputation, optimizing email content, and encouraging recipient engagement to improve delivery times.

December 2022 - Neil Patel's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse shares that email delays could be due to issues like incorrect email configuration, DNS issues, blocked ports, or the sender IP being blacklisted. They advise checking configuration, ensuring proper DNS records, verifying port status, and checking blacklists.

September 2024 - SendPulse
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that self rate limiting the email deployment fixed the issue. They also suspect that using multiple IPs is going to help, as right now the only clients with issues have a single IP address.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeekForum notes that excessively large email attachments can cause delays, especially if the recipient's server has limitations. Recommends compressing attachments or using cloud storage services to share files instead of attaching them directly to the email.

December 2024 - EmailGeekForum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus advises that testing emails before sending can help identify and fix issues that might trigger spam filters and cause delays. They recommend using Litmus to preview emails across different email clients and devices.

March 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests Gmail's filtering system may classify emails unexpectedly, causing delays. They recommend checking the 'All Mail' and 'Spam' folders to ensure emails aren't misdirected. They also advise whitelisting senders and creating filters to prioritize important emails.

September 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares they've observed other mailbox providers accepting emails but delaying their placement in user inboxes. They haven't seen this behavior with Gmail though.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign shares that segmenting email lists and sending targeted content improves engagement and deliverability, reducing the likelihood of delays. They recommend segmenting based on demographics, behavior, and purchase history.

March 2021 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains that excessive use of personalization can sometimes trigger spam filters, leading to delays. They advise using personalization judiciously and testing different levels of personalization to find the optimal balance.

July 2023 - GMass

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Gmail's email delivery delays are often caused by a combination of factors, including the inherent store-and-forward nature of email, potential congestion, ISP throttling mechanisms to protect against spam, and issues related to email content, infrastructure, and authentication. Delays can also be due to peak mailing times, and identifying whether the delay originates from the ESP or Gmail is crucial for troubleshooting.

Key opinions

  • Store-and-Forward Nature: Email delivery isn't instantaneous due to its store-and-forward nature; network congestion can cause delays.
  • ISP Throttling: Gmail and other ISPs implement throttling mechanisms to protect against spam and abuse, which can delay legitimate emails.
  • Delivery Issues: Delivery slowdown can be impacted by content, infrastructure, and authentication setup.
  • Peak Times: Delays can occur during peak mailing times.
  • Troubleshooting: Identifying whether the delay originates from the ESP or Gmail is crucial for diagnosing the problem.

Key considerations

  • Understand Inherent Delays: Accept that some delays are inherent to the email system.
  • Optimize Sending Practices: Improve content, infrastructure and authentication setup to try to avoid triggering throttling.
  • Monitor Sending Times: Consider sending emails during off-peak times to potentially reduce delays.
  • Analyze Headers: Examine received headers to determine where the delay is occurring (ESP or Gmail).
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks notes that email delivery isn't guaranteed to be instant due to its store and forward nature. Delays could be due to congestion, possibly related to events like Cyber Monday.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises examining the received headers to determine if delays originate from the ESP or Gmail's end, and shares a tool for this purpose.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise discusses that ISPs, like Gmail, often implement throttling mechanisms. These mechanisms cause message delays to protect their users and infrastructure from spam and abuse. Legitimate senders might experience throttling if they send high volumes or trigger spam filters.

December 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that they have also had clients experience delays of an hour or two between delivery and user receipt, potentially due to peak mailing times.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource shares that Gmail delivery slowdown can be affected by a variety of issues ranging from content, infrastructure set up, and authentication.

January 2025 - Spamresource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Gmail delivery delays can be caused by configuration issues (MX, SPF, DMARC), the fundamental store-and-forward nature of SMTP leading to delays due to network congestion and server load, spam filtering and malware scanning processes (EOP), and incorrect DKIM implementation. Solutions involve verifying configurations, implementing retry mechanisms, reviewing security settings, and correctly implementing DKIM authentication.

Key findings

  • Configuration Errors: Incorrect MX, SPF, or DMARC records can lead to email delays or rejection.
  • SMTP Protocol: The SMTP protocol's store-and-forward nature inherently includes potential delays.
  • Security Processes: Spam filtering and malware scanning processes (like EOP) can cause delays.
  • DKIM Authentication: Incorrect or absent DKIM implementation can negatively impact deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Verify DNS Records: Regularly verify and correct MX, SPF, and DMARC records.
  • Implement Retry Mechanisms: Utilize retry mechanisms to handle transient SMTP failures.
  • Review Security Settings: Review spam filtering and quarantine policies to prevent unnecessary delays.
  • Implement DKIM: Ensure correct DKIM key generation, DNS record configuration, and signature verification.
  • Use Google Postmaster Tools: Monitor domain reputation and identify issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Documentation notes that Exchange Online Protection (EOP) can sometimes cause delays due to spam filtering and malware scanning processes. The documentation suggests reviewing EOP settings and quarantine policies to ensure legitimate emails are not being unnecessarily delayed. They also recommend using message trace to analyze specific delivery delays.

October 2021 - Microsoft Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM.org clarifies that correctly implemented DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) authentication can improve email deliverability and reduce delays. The site provides guidance on generating DKIM keys, configuring DNS records, and verifying DKIM signatures.

April 2023 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Documentation details that the SMTP protocol inherently includes potential delays due to its store-and-forward nature. Network congestion, server load, and temporary server unavailability can all contribute to delayed delivery. The RFC recommends implementing retry mechanisms to handle transient failures.

December 2021 - RFC Documentation
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that issues with MX records, SPF records, or DMARC policies can cause emails to be delayed or rejected. The documentation outlines steps to verify and correct these configurations. They also advise on checking the Google Postmaster Tools to monitor domain reputation and identify any potential issues.

November 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help