Why is Gmail incorrectly marking emails as bounced due to mailbox quota being full?

Summary

The consensus among experts, email marketers, and technical documentation indicates that a 'mailbox full' bounce can stem from various factors. The most direct explanation is that the recipient's mailbox has genuinely reached its storage limit. However, other contributing elements include potential Gmail-specific issues (past incorrect responses, theoretical "cleanups"), server-related problems (Gmail or recipient server being unavailable), aggressive greylisting implementations misinterpreting temporary failures, incorrect email address formatting, large email sizes, and idle user accounts. Differentiating between soft and hard bounces is crucial for determining appropriate actions, such as resending or removing addresses from the mailing list to maintain sending reputation.

Key findings

  • Storage Limit: The recipient's mailbox may have reached its storage quota.
  • Gmail Issues: Past instances of incorrect Gmail responses or potential 'cleanups' can impact bounce rates.
  • Server Availability: Both Gmail's and the recipient's server being temporarily unavailable can lead to bounces.
  • Greylisting Policies: Aggressive greylisting can misinterpret temporary failures as permanent issues.
  • Incorrect Formatting: Typos or incorrect formatting of email addresses contribute to 'mailbox full' bounces.
  • Email Size: Large email sizes may cause delivery failures.
  • Idle Accounts: Accounts that have become idle may have reached mailbox capacity.
  • SMTP Codes: Mailbox full is a common reason for getting bounce backs from ISPs and uses error codes 4.2.2 or 5.2.2

Key considerations

  • Bounce Type: Distinguish between soft (temporary) and hard (permanent) bounces to determine the next steps.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists by removing addresses with repeated bounces.
  • Resend Attempts: Try resending emails that resulted in soft bounces.
  • Analyze NDRs: Carefully analyze Non-Delivery Reports (NDRs) to understand the specific reasons for bounce failures.
  • Monitor Timeframes: Monitor timeframes and circumstances surrounding bounce events to identify patterns.
  • Account Activity: Review whether or not the user is actively engaging with emails.

What email marketers say
7Marketer opinions

Several factors contribute to Gmail incorrectly marking emails as bounced due to a full mailbox quota. These include the recipient's inbox genuinely reaching its storage limit, temporary server issues (either on Gmail's end or the recipient's), incorrect email address formatting, and aggressive greylisting implementations. Full mailboxes typically trigger soft bounces, suggesting a temporary issue, but repeated bounces from the same address should prompt removal from the mailing list to maintain sending reputation.

Key opinions

  • Full Mailbox: The recipient's inbox has reached its storage limit.
  • Server Issues: Gmail or the recipient's server may be temporarily unavailable or too busy.
  • Incorrect Formatting: Typos or incorrect formatting in the email address can trigger a 'mailbox full' error.
  • Greylisting: Aggressive greylisting can misinterpret temporary failures as permanent mailbox issues.
  • Account Idle: Full mailboxes can often occur due to an account becoming idle. This typically occurs when users sign up for promotional offers.

Key considerations

  • Soft vs. Hard Bounce: 'Mailbox full' is usually a soft bounce, suggesting a temporary issue; hard bounces indicate permanent problems.
  • Resending: Attempt to resend emails that result in a soft bounce.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list by removing addresses that repeatedly bounce to avoid damaging your sending reputation.
  • Email Size: Large email sizes can trigger bounces; consider reducing email size.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Hubspot explains that a full mailbox can lead to a soft bounce. They say to try resending the email. If the issue persists, clean your email list by removing those that repeatedly bounce to preserve your sending reputation.

September 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerLite explains that a full mailbox can cause soft bounces. While it might be a temporary issue, repeated bounces from the same address should be removed from the mailing list.

July 2022 - MailerLite
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel explains that a high bounce rate can occur when Gmail servers are too busy to accept the email. The recipient's inbox may be full, but there are other reasons such as the server not being able to connect, the email being too large, or the recipient server may be down.

April 2022 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that a 'mailbox full' error can sometimes appear if the email address is incorrectly formatted or if there's a typo. The receiving server might interpret the address as valid but non-existent, leading to this bounce message.

April 2023 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that they have seen bounces to both Gmail and iCloud accounts due to full mailbox issues. They found that the bounces happen more when users sign up for promotional offers, but then let the account become idle, reaching capacity.

August 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from DigitalMarketer explains that soft bounces are temporary issues. These can be caused by issues such as 'mailbox full', server downtime, or if the email is too large. They recommend trying again later or reducing the size of the email.

January 2022 - DigitalMarketer
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue explains that a 'mailbox full' error means the recipient's inbox has reached its storage limit and cannot accept new emails. This is a soft bounce, and you can try resending the email later.

October 2023 - Sendinblue

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Experts suggest that 'mailbox full' bounces, while seemingly straightforward, can be influenced by various factors. Some argue that the bounce accurately reflects the recipient's mailbox being at capacity, while others point to potential Gmail-related issues, like past instances of incorrect responses or theoretical "cleanups" impacting mailbox availability. Aggressive greylisting implementations can also contribute by misinterpreting temporary failures as permanent full mailbox issues. Mailbox full is considered a common reason for bounce backs from ISPs.

Key opinions

  • Mailbox Capacity: The recipient's mailbox may genuinely be at its storage limit.
  • Gmail Issues: Gmail may have given incorrect bounce responses in the past, potentially due to changes or "cleanups."
  • Greylisting Impact: Aggressive greylisting can misinterpret temporary failures as permanent mailbox full issues.
  • ISPs Bounce: Mailbox full is a common reason for bounce backs from ISPs.

Key considerations

  • Verification: Investigate the timeframe and specific circumstances surrounding bounce events to determine if Gmail-specific issues are at play.
  • Greylisting Policies: Be aware of how aggressive greylisting policies might affect deliverability and lead to false 'mailbox full' bounces.
  • Email Opens: Consider whether email opens are genuine user actions or potentially automated processes that could affect the analysis of bounce rates.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that there’s nothing incorrect with a ‘mailbox full’ bounce. The mailbox is full, it can’t accept mail.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that Gmail has given incorrect responses in the past and asks for the timeframe of the issue. He suggests the opens could have been Gmail opening the email, and asks if the users were also clicking.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that a "Gmail cleanup" is a theoretical event where Gmail makes a change impacting mailboxes, whether time-based, tightening requirements, or eliminating mailboxes they deem not valuable.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that Mailbox full is a common reason for getting bounce backs from ISP's

February 2022 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that a 'mailbox full' bounce can sometimes be caused by aggressive greylisting implementations. Some systems, when faced with a full mailbox during the initial greylisting attempt, may incorrectly interpret the temporary failure as a permanent full mailbox issue.

December 2022 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Technical documentation outlines that a 'mailbox full' bounce typically indicates the recipient's mailbox has reached its storage limit. SMTP protocols use specific error codes (4.2.2 or 5.2.2) to denote temporary or permanent capacity issues. Google Workspace categorizes bounces as soft (temporary, like a full mailbox) or hard (permanent), with repeated hard bounces potentially leading to removal from mailing lists. Standardized bounce message formats include diagnostic codes and details about the reason for delivery failure.

Key findings

  • SMTP Codes: SMTP uses 4.2.2 or 5.2.2 error codes to indicate 'mailbox full' errors, representing temporary or permanent issues.
  • Storage Limit: 'Mailbox full' NDRs mean the recipient's mailbox has exceeded its storage limit.
  • Bounce Categories: Google Workspace categorizes bounces as soft (temporary, like 'mailbox full') or hard (permanent).
  • Diagnostic Codes: Standardized bounce messages include diagnostic codes detailing the reason for delivery failure, including 'quota exceeded' or 'mailbox full'.

Key considerations

  • Soft vs. Hard: Distinguish between soft and hard bounces to determine appropriate actions (resending vs. removal).
  • List Maintenance: Implement a process for removing addresses with repeated hard bounces to maintain sending reputation.
  • NDR Analysis: Analyze Non-Delivery Reports (NDRs) to understand the specific reasons for bounce failures.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that a non-delivery report (NDR) indicating 'mailbox full' means the recipient's mailbox has exceeded its storage limit. The server is unable to accept any more emails until the recipient deletes some emails or increases the mailbox quota.

June 2022 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that SMTP defines specific codes for delivery status notifications. A 'mailbox full' error typically corresponds to a 4.2.2 or 5.2.2 error code, indicating temporary or permanent mailbox capacity issues respectively.

May 2024 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from IETF explains that standardized bounce message formats include information about the cause of the delivery failure. A 'quota exceeded' or 'mailbox full' message will be included in the diagnostic code, along with other details about the system and the reason.

February 2022 - IETF
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that Google Workspace categorizes bounces as either soft or hard. A soft bounce might be due to a full mailbox, while a hard bounce indicates a permanent reason for failure. If an email address has too many hard bounces it might be removed from the list.

September 2021 - Google