Why does Microsoft composite authentication fail with DMARC p=none?

Summary

Microsoft's composite authentication fails with DMARC set to 'p=none' primarily because Microsoft considers this a weaker form of email authentication. Even if SPF and DKIM checks pass, the 'p=none' policy signifies a lack of active enforcement against spoofing and phishing. This prompts Microsoft to use other signals to assess email legitimacy and may result in the email being flagged, marked as unverified, or sent to the junk folder. Experts and documentation alike advise transitioning to stricter DMARC policies, such as 'quarantine' or 'reject,' to improve domain reputation, increase email deliverability, and actively protect against unauthorized use of the domain. 'p=none' is primarily for monitoring and data collection but lacks the necessary enforcement to meet Microsoft's security expectations.

Key findings

  • Weak Authentication: Microsoft considers DMARC 'p=none' a weaker authentication policy, potentially leading to composite authentication failure.
  • No Enforcement: A DMARC policy of 'none' provides no enforcement against email spoofing and phishing, leaving the domain vulnerable.
  • Microsoft's Interpretation: Microsoft may interpret 'p=none' as a lack of commitment to email security, leading to flags, unverified labels, or spam delivery.
  • Transition Recommended: Experts and documentation recommend transitioning to stricter DMARC policies ('quarantine' or 'reject') for improved security and deliverability.
  • Data Collection Only: 'p=none' primarily serves for monitoring and data collection, not active protection.

Key considerations

  • Reputation Impact: Using 'p=none' can negatively impact domain reputation, potentially affecting how Microsoft treats emails from that domain.
  • Long-Term Security: Implementing stricter DMARC policies is crucial for long-term email security and protection against unauthorized domain use.
  • Combined Approach: Combining SPF, DKIM, and an enforced DMARC policy provides a more robust email security framework.
  • Monitor and Adjust: DMARC implementation is an ongoing process. Continuously monitor DMARC reports and adjust the policy as needed to optimize deliverability and security.
  • Email Authentication: Email Authentication in general, the setup and configuration is important to avoid being flagged as SPAM.

What email marketers say
8Marketer opinions

Microsoft's composite authentication may fail when DMARC is set to 'p=none' because this policy provides no enforcement against email spoofing and phishing. Although SPF and DKIM might pass, Microsoft views 'p=none' as a lack of commitment to strong email security, leading to flags, potential spam delivery, or 'unverified' labels. Microsoft uses additional signals to determine email legitimacy, and 'p=none' misses the opportunity to assert domain protection. Transitioning to 'quarantine' or 'reject' is generally recommended for improved security and deliverability.

Key opinions

  • No Enforcement: DMARC 'p=none' instructs mail receivers to take no specific action on emails failing DMARC checks, providing no protection against spoofing.
  • Microsoft Interpretation: Microsoft interprets 'p=none' as a lack of commitment to email security best practices, potentially causing composite authentication to fail.
  • Additional Signals: Microsoft considers additional signals like sender reputation, content, and user complaints when determining email legitimacy.
  • Transition Recommendation: Transitioning to stricter DMARC policies ('quarantine' or 'reject') is recommended for improved domain protection and deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Impact on Deliverability: Using 'p=none' may not cause immediate deliverability issues but can leave your domain vulnerable and affect Microsoft's assessment of your email.
  • Domain Reputation: A stricter DMARC policy can improve your domain's reputation, increasing the likelihood of emails being seen as legitimate by Microsoft.
  • Comprehensive Protection: Combining SPF, DKIM, and DMARC enforcement provides more comprehensive email security than using 'p=none' alone.
  • Gradual Implementation: Implementing DMARC is an ongoing process, and users should work up to 'Reject' policies.
Marketer view

Email marketer from URIports Blog shares that Microsoft will still look at other signals, such as sender reputation, content, and user complaints, to determine the legitimacy of an email. A DMARC policy of 'none' is a missed opportunity to explicitly tell Microsoft that you are taking steps to protect your domain.

July 2024 - URIports Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailHippo mentions the importance of email authentication. They state that Microsoft may treat email from domains with DMARC 'none' policies differently.

November 2022 - EmailHippo
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailhardener Blog shares that using DMARC with a policy of `p=none` essentially tells Microsoft 365 to take no specific action based on DMARC results. While it allows you to collect reports, it doesn't provide any protection against spoofing, and Microsoft may still flag emails due to the lack of a strict DMARC policy.

June 2023 - Mailhardener Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares personal experience noting that even with valid SPF and DKIM records, Microsoft's systems sometimes flag emails as unverified if DMARC is set to `p=none`. They recommend transitioning to a stricter DMARC policy.

August 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC explains that setting your DMARC policy to 'none' provides no enforcement. Microsoft, and other email providers, may still use their own criteria for filtering, and a 'none' policy might not be sufficient to prevent messages from being flagged. Transitioning to 'quarantine' or 'reject' is essential for full protection.

February 2023 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailSecurityATP discusses Microsoft's interpretation of DMARC. They state that Microsoft considers senders with `p=none` not fully protected. They say the senders should gradually move to `quarantine` or `reject` to have a full anti-spoofing protection.

November 2023 - EmailSecurityATP
Marketer view

Email marketer from PostmarkApp explains that a DMARC policy of `p=none` instructs mail receivers to take no action regarding messages that fail DMARC authentication. This policy does not provide any protection against spoofing and phishing attacks, which is why email providers like Microsoft might flag your emails or deliver them to the spam folder.

July 2024 - PostmarkApp
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange explains that Microsoft may interpret a `p=none` policy as a sign that the sender is not fully committed to email security best practices, causing composite authentication to fail even when other authentication checks pass. The user advises to move to a stricter policy.

January 2023 - StackExchange

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Microsoft composite authentication fails with DMARC set to 'p=none' because Microsoft explicitly considers it a weak authentication policy. It's not the absence of DMARC, but rather the choice to use 'p=none' that triggers the failure (compauth=fail reason=001). While not always causing immediate deliverability issues, it leaves the domain vulnerable to spoofing and phishing. Transitioning to a stricter DMARC policy ('quarantine' or 'reject') enhances domain reputation and improves Microsoft's perception of email legitimacy.

Key opinions

  • Explicit Failure: Microsoft's composite authentication explicitly fails (compauth=fail reason=001) when DMARC is set to 'p=none'.
  • Weak Policy: Microsoft considers 'p=none' a weak authentication policy, even if SPF and DKIM pass.
  • Vulnerability: Using 'p=none' leaves the domain open to spoofing and phishing attacks.
  • Reputation Improvement: Transitioning to a stricter DMARC policy can improve the domain's reputation and trustworthiness with Microsoft.

Key considerations

  • Authentication vs. Deliverability: While 'p=none' might not always immediately impact deliverability, it impacts authentication status, leading to potential future issues.
  • Policy Enforcement: Implementing 'quarantine' or 'reject' provides actual enforcement against unauthorized email use.
  • Long-Term Security: Adopting a stricter DMARC policy is a proactive step towards enhancing long-term email security.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise forum explains that while a DMARC policy of p=none won't directly cause deliverability issues in all cases, it does leave your domain open to potential spoofing and phishing attacks. They suggest that transitioning to a more restrictive policy like p=quarantine or p=reject will help to improve your domain's reputation and increase the likelihood that Microsoft will view your emails as legitimate.

December 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that using `p=none` in DMARC is explicitly causing a `compauth=fail reason=001` in Microsoft's composite authentication. Microsoft considers `p=none` a weaker authentication policy, leading to the failure.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks clarifies that the problem is not the lack of DMARC, but using DMARC with a policy of `p=none`, which is sufficient to trigger the failure in Microsoft's authentication process.

February 2023 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Microsoft composite authentication may fail with a DMARC 'p=none' policy because it's considered a weaker form of authentication according to official documentation. While 'p=none' is useful for monitoring email authentication results, it does not provide active enforcement against unauthorized use of a domain. Official documentation encourages senders to transition to 'quarantine' or 'reject' policies for effective protection, impacting how systems like Microsoft treat the email. The DMARC standard (RFC7489) also implicitly suggests that enforcement policies are crucial for recipient mail systems to act decisively against unauthorized email. It's weaker when protecting against security threats.

Key findings

  • Weaker Authentication: Microsoft Docs explicitly states that DMARC 'p=none' is considered a weaker form of authentication, leading to potential failure of composite authentication.
  • Monitoring Purpose: DMARC.org indicates that 'p=none' is primarily for monitoring and gathering data, not for active protection.
  • Lack of Enforcement: DMARC policies other than 'none' influence composite authentication results, hinting at 'p=none' being too weak against unauthorized emails.
  • Not Strong: Google Admin points out that 'p=none' is not as strong when used against security threats and enforcement, making DMARC p=none emails treated with caution.

Key considerations

  • Transition to Enforcement: Documentation advises senders to move to 'quarantine' or 'reject' policies for active prevention of unauthorized domain use and better compliance with systems like Microsoft.
  • Data Collection vs. Protection: While 'p=none' allows for data collection, it doesn't offer the security benefits of more stringent DMARC policies.
  • Industry Standards: Understanding industry standards like RFC7489 helps appreciate the importance of DMARC enforcement for email security.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Docs explains that when DMARC is set to `p=none`, it's considered a weaker form of authentication. Consequently, Microsoft's composite authentication may fail, resulting in messages being marked as 'Not verified' or potentially ending up in the junk folder, even if SPF and DKIM pass.

April 2024 - Microsoft Docs
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor (RFC7489) describes the DMARC standard. It implicitly indicates that enforcement (policies other than 'none') is crucial for recipient mail systems to act decisively against unauthorized email, influencing composite authentication results.

April 2021 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google Admin says DMARC policies specify how recipient servers should handle email messages that fail DMARC checks. The 'none' policy is recommended to monitor your email flow without affecting delivery. It's not as strong when used against security threats and enforcement.

March 2024 - Google Admin
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that a DMARC policy of 'none' is primarily for monitoring and gathering data on email authentication results. It advises that senders should eventually move to 'quarantine' or 'reject' policies to actively prevent unauthorized use of their domain, which directly impacts how systems like Microsoft's treat email.

August 2024 - DMARC.org