Why did Gmail mark an internal email as potentially dangerous?

Summary

Gmail's flagging of internal emails as potentially dangerous is a multifaceted issue driven by machine learning, content analysis, and authentication protocols. Gmail uses machine learning to scan email content for phishing attempts or spam-like characteristics, which can inadvertently flag legitimate internal communications. Additionally, misconfigured authentication protocols like SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, even within the same domain, can lead to emails being marked as suspicious. Factors such as sender reputation, the use of URL shorteners, image-to-text ratios, and user reports contribute to this determination. The algorithms are constantly evolving, increasing the chances of misclassification. Implementing BIMI and ensuring well-formatted email headers can mitigate these risks. Consulting the mail audit log can provide additional insights. These alerts are also driven by ML models that produce "maybe" results, and feedback is used to help train the model, meaning that there is not a single cause.

Key findings

  • Machine Learning-Driven: Gmail employs sophisticated machine learning algorithms that analyze various factors to identify potential threats.
  • Content Similarity: Emails with content resembling phishing attempts or spam-like patterns are likely to be flagged.
  • Authentication Protocols: Improperly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC settings, even within a domain, increase the risk of misclassification.
  • Sender Reputation: A sender's reputation, influenced by user reports and engagement rates, affects deliverability.
  • Multiple factors: There is not one single factor but the algorithms are considering many factors.

Key considerations

  • Mail Audit Log Review: Examine mail audit logs to identify the specific reasons for Gmail's actions.
  • Authentication Configuration: Ensure that SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured for your domain, even for internal communications.
  • BIMI Implementation: Consider implementing BIMI to establish brand trust and reduce the chance of emails being flagged.
  • Content Assessment: Review email content for spam-like phrases or suspicious elements.
  • Engagement Rate Monitoring: Monitor email engagement rates to maintain a positive sender reputation.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

Gmail marks internal emails as potentially dangerous due to a variety of factors, including suspicious content resembling phishing attempts, authentication failures (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), sender reputation issues (low engagement, new/unused IP address), unusual email characteristics (image-to-text ratio, mismatched character sets), and overall content resembling spam. Gmail's machine learning models analyze various signals, and user feedback can also influence flagging decisions. Mail audit logs are useful to help determine why the email was marked dangerous.

Key opinions

  • Content Analysis: Gmail scans email content for patterns resembling phishing attempts, spam-like phrases, or suspicious attachments and URLs.
  • Authentication Issues: Failures in SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication can trigger Gmail's spam filters, even for internal emails.
  • Sender Reputation: Low engagement rates, new or rarely used IP addresses, and sudden increases in email volume can negatively impact sender reputation and lead to flagging.
  • Machine Learning: Gmail utilizes machine learning models that adapt based on various signals, including content, sender information, and user feedback.
  • Email characteristics: High image-to-text ratios, mismatched character sets, and the use of URL shorteners can trigger spam filters.

Key considerations

  • IT Audit: Consult your IT department and review mail audit logs to understand specific reasons for Gmail's actions.
  • Authentication Setup: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are properly configured for your domain, including internal systems.
  • Content Review: Review email content for potentially problematic phrases, excessive use of exclamation points, and unusual formatting.
  • Engagement Monitoring: Monitor email engagement rates (opens, clicks) and adjust sending practices to maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • Filter learning: Ensure multiple recipients are not marking similar internal emails as spam
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora shares that this usually happens if the email content closely matches phishing attempts, includes unusual URLs or attachments, or contains suspicious language.

July 2021 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet FAQ states that emails with unusually high image-to-text ratios or mismatched character sets can trigger spam filters.

April 2021 - Mailjet FAQ
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum suggests that if multiple recipients within your organization mark similar emails as spam, Gmail learns to flag those emails automatically.

November 2024 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares to have IT search the mail audit log to see why Google Workspace flagged it. It may be a false positive or something actionable.

July 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that these alerts are driven by ML models that produce “maybe” results, and feedback is used to help train the model. It may not be possible to pinpoint one specific cause.

February 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that if it sounds like other stuff Gmail thinks is spam, it may get flagged as suspicious.

March 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass explains that consistently sending emails with low engagement (opens, clicks) can negatively impact your sender reputation and lead to Gmail flagging your emails.

January 2022 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Super User shares that the use of URL shorteners can sometimes flag emails as suspicious if the destination is untrustworthy or the service is overused by spammers.

November 2022 - Super User
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange explains that an email might be flagged if it originates from a newly created or rarely used IP address, as it could indicate a spammer.

June 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests checking the email headers for authentication failures (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). If authentication fails, Gmail is more likely to flag the message.

July 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Web Applications Stack Exchange explains that a sudden increase in email volume or velocity can be interpreted as spamming behavior by Gmail's filters.

October 2022 - Web Applications Stack Exchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Google Support Community explains that Gmail might flag a message as dangerous if it detects suspicious links or attachments, or if the sender's account has been compromised.

June 2021 - Google Support Community

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Gmail may flag internal emails as potentially dangerous due to a variety of factors, including misconfigured email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), or content that resembles spam patterns. While it may not be a traditional spam filter issue, Gmail flags concerning content that could be a risk. The email's authentication settings need to be configured correctly, and care needs to be taken to avoid using phrases and formatting that is similar to that used in spam emails.

Key opinions

  • Authentication Issues: Misconfigured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, even within the same domain, can cause Gmail to flag internal emails.
  • Content Analysis: Gmail's content filters can mistakenly identify internal emails as dangerous if they contain spam-like patterns.
  • General Concern: Gmail might flag an email as concerning even if it's not strictly identified as spam.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Setup: Ensure internal email systems have properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.
  • Content Review: Avoid using phrases, excessive punctuation, and formatting commonly found in spam emails.
  • Root Cause: Even if the email isn't classified as spam, identify what triggered Gmail's warning message.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that if internal emails contain content similar to known spam patterns (e.g., certain phrases, excessive use of exclamation points, or unusual formatting), Gmail's content filters might mistakenly flag them.

May 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that internal emails can be flagged due to misconfigured authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) even within the same domain. Ensure internal systems are properly configured.

September 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks responds that it's likely not a spam filter issue but Gmail may have flagged it as concerning.

August 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Gmail uses machine learning to identify spam and phishing attempts, considering factors like sender reputation, email content, and user reports. Improperly formatted email headers can lead to misinterpretation. Gmail's evolving algorithms, designed to detect new phishing tactics and malware distribution methods, may misclassify internal emails. Implementing DMARC and BIMI policies can improve deliverability and build brand trust, reducing the chances of emails being flagged.

Key findings

  • Machine Learning: Gmail employs machine learning algorithms to identify spam and phishing.
  • Header Formatting: Improperly formatted email headers can trigger misclassification.
  • Algorithm Evolution: Gmail's algorithms continuously adapt to new threats, potentially leading to misclassification of internal emails.
  • Sender Reputation: Sender reputation plays a role in the determination of whether an email is legitimate.

Key considerations

  • DMARC Implementation: Implement a properly configured DMARC policy to improve deliverability.
  • BIMI Implementation: Consider implementing BIMI to establish brand trust and reduce flagging.
  • Header Validation: Validate email header formatting to ensure compliance with standards.
  • Content Checks: Review email content for phishing triggers.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Standard details that improper formatting of email headers can cause the algorithms of Google to misinterpret an e-mail as dangerous.

November 2022 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that a properly implemented DMARC policy can help improve deliverability and reduce the likelihood of Gmail flagging legitimate emails.

February 2023 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from BIMI Group explains that implementing BIMI (Brand Indicators for Message Identification) can help establish brand trust and reduce the chance of Gmail flagging emails.

November 2021 - BIMI Group
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that Gmail uses machine learning to identify spam and phishing attempts. Factors include sender reputation, email content, and user reports.

April 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Google Security Blog indicates that Gmail's algorithms constantly evolve to detect new phishing tactics and malware distribution methods, which can lead to some internal emails being misclassified.

November 2022 - Google Security Blog