Why are email open rates declining for political campaigns acquired through Facebook ads despite strong engagement?

Summary

Declining email open rates for political campaigns acquired through Facebook ads, despite initial engagement, are multi-faceted. Key contributors include outdated data from Facebook and petitions, insufficient audience segmentation and personalization, deliverability complications, and the challenges inherent in political content, such as 'list bombing' and heightened spam filtering. Implementing robust email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), maintaining stringent list hygiene, A/B testing, and using double opt-in are strategies recommended to improve open rates and overall campaign effectiveness. Regularly monitoring sender reputation via tools such as Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft Sender Support, as well as the employment of re-engagement campaigns, is also important.

Key findings

  • Data Quality Issues: Facebook-sourced addresses and petition sign-ups frequently include outdated or invalid email addresses, leading to lower deliverability and engagement.
  • Inadequate Segmentation & Personalization: Failure to segment audiences and personalize email content decreases relevance and, thus, open rates.
  • Deliverability Problems: Deliverability challenges stem from poor sender reputation, lack of authentication, and emails landing in spam folders.
  • Political Content Challenges: Political campaigns face 'list bombing,' increased spam complaints, and heightened scrutiny from mailbox providers.
  • Insufficient Authentication: Lack of proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) impacts deliverability and can make emails appear untrustworthy.
  • Strong CTR vs Low OR: Click Through Rates may still be strong despite Open rates being low, which means that people are still clicking on links in the email. This means that content should be analysed to determine if the issue is the message itself rather than deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Address Validity & List Hygiene: Employ verification methods to ensure acquired email addresses are valid and actively used; regularly clean email lists by removing unengaged subscribers.
  • Explicit Consent & Re-engagement: Ensure recipients explicitly opt-in to ongoing communications and implement re-engagement campaigns to reactivate inactive subscribers.
  • Content Relevance & Targeting: Tailor email content to match recipient interests, demographics, and engagement levels; send targeted content based on segmented lists.
  • Continuous Monitoring & Optimization: Monitor email metrics (opens, clicks, unsubscribes, spam complaints) and adjust strategies accordingly; A/B test various email elements (subject lines, send times, content).
  • Proactive Reputation Management: Monitor and manage sender reputation through tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft Sender Support; promptly address any issues related to spam complaints or deliverability.
  • Compliance & Best Practices: Adhere to email sending best practices, comply with industry standards, and implement proper email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).

What email marketers say
13Marketer opinions

Declining email open rates for political campaigns acquired through Facebook ads, despite initial engagement, can stem from various factors. These include poor email list hygiene, lack of audience segmentation and personalization, deliverability issues, and the inherent challenges associated with political content. Practices like A/B testing subject lines, ensuring proper authentication, and utilizing re-engagement campaigns are recommended to improve open rates.

Key opinions

  • List Hygiene: Maintaining a clean email list by removing unengaged subscribers is crucial for improving sender reputation and deliverability.
  • Segmentation & Personalization: Segmenting the audience and personalizing content increases relevance and engagement, positively impacting open rates.
  • Deliverability Issues: Factors like poor sender reputation, lack of authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and ending up in spam folders contribute to declining open rates.
  • Political Content Challenges: Political emails often face heightened scrutiny and spam complaints due to aggressive acquisition tactics and potential "list bombing".
  • Testing & Optimization: A/B testing subject lines, send times, and content helps identify what resonates best with the audience.
  • Double Opt-in: Using a double opt-in process ensures subscribers are genuinely interested in your emails, improving the likelihood of opens.
  • Google Postmaster Tools: Using Postmaster Tools helps highlight deliverability issues related to Google related email domains
  • Strong CTR vs Low OR: Even if open rates are low, monitor your click-through-rates. If those are high, that means people are still clicking on links in the email

Key considerations

  • Audience Intent: Consider whether recipients who initially engaged with a Facebook ad or signed a petition still want to receive ongoing email communications.
  • Data Analysis: Analyze email metrics beyond open rates, such as click-through rates and conversions, to get a holistic view of campaign performance.
  • Sender Reputation: Actively monitor and manage your sender reputation to prevent deliverability issues.
  • Email Frequency: Avoid sending too many emails, as this can lead to subscriber fatigue and increased spam complaints.
  • Content Quality: Ensure your email content is high-quality, relevant, and targeted to the interests of your audience.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that political emails frequently end up in the spam folder due to aggressive acquisition tactics, low engagement, and recipients marking them as spam. They suggest focusing on high-quality content and targeted messaging to improve engagement and reduce spam complaints.

February 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Smart Insights shares that creating re-engagement campaigns to target inactive subscribers can help improve email list quality and overall deliverability. Re-engaging subscribers or removing them from your list can boost open rates and engagement metrics.

January 2022 - Smart Insights
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains that using a dedicated IP address for sending emails can improve your sender reputation and deliverability, especially for high-volume senders. A dedicated IP gives you more control over your sending environment.

February 2023 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that A/B testing different elements of your email campaigns, such as subject lines, sender names, and content, can reveal what resonates best with your audience. Testing helps optimize open rates and engagement.

October 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's Blog explains that declining open rates can be attributed to factors like poor subject lines, sending emails at the wrong time, not segmenting your audience, or having deliverability issues. He emphasizes testing different subject lines and send times to optimize open rates.

October 2023 - Neil Patel's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks recommends using Google Postmaster Tools to identify issues causing deliverability problems with Gmail. They also suggest ruling out statistical issues by comparing open rates based on increased global sending volume versus discrete measurements.

September 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign explains that one reason for declining open rates is a lack of segmentation and personalisation. With segmentation, you can target based on specific data points to make your email more relevant to the recipient and boost open rates.

September 2021 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks suggests that if click rates are strong despite lower open rates, ensure inbox placement by seeding data and testing. Also, consider the impact of from names and subjects on deliverability.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot Blog shares that personalizing email content can improve open rates. Personalization can include using the recipient's name, tailoring content based on their interests, or sending emails at times when they are most likely to engage.

April 2023 - HubSpot Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue says that declining open rates occur when subscribers aren't genuinely interested in your email. With double opt-in, they are confirming they want to recieve your email which means they are much more likely to open it when it arrives.

May 2023 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor answers that segmenting your email list based on demographics, interests, and engagement levels is essential. Sending targeted content to specific segments increases relevance, leading to higher open rates and overall engagement.

September 2023 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks advises reviewing hygiene on a campaign-base and cautions against relying solely on 'opened in the last 30 days' metrics, especially with frequent campaigns. He also notes opens are an unreliable metric due to false positives and negatives, suggesting a focus on other metrics.

June 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp explains that maintaining a clean email list is important for deliverability. They state that removing unengaged subscribers and regularly cleaning your list helps improve sender reputation and ensures that your emails are reaching interested recipients, ultimately boosting open rates.

September 2024 - Mailchimp

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Declining email open rates for political campaigns using Facebook ads are driven by several factors. Older Facebook addresses and low-quality petition sign-ups lead to invalid data, increasing spam complaints. Political content faces 'list bombing,' filling lists with unengaged recipients. Machine learning filters identify unwanted mail, reflecting a lack of user permission and control, leading to heightened scrutiny from mailbox providers and ultimately, decreased open rates.

Key opinions

  • Data Quality: Facebook-acquired addresses and petition sign-ups often result in outdated or invalid email addresses.
  • List Bombing: Political campaigns are susceptible to 'list bombing,' where opponents sign up unwilling recipients, lowering engagement.
  • Machine Learning Filters: Mailbox providers' machine learning algorithms identify and filter out unwanted political mail based on user behavior.
  • Permission Issues: Engagement from initial ad interaction doesn't always translate to ongoing permission for email communications.
  • Heightened Scrutiny: Political emails face increased scrutiny from mailbox providers, leading to more aggressive spam filtering.

Key considerations

  • Address Validity: Implement verification methods to ensure acquired email addresses are valid and actively used.
  • Permission Gathering: Re-evaluate consent processes to ensure recipients explicitly opt-in to ongoing email communications, not just initial interactions.
  • Content Relevance: Tailor email content to match recipient interests and engagement levels to increase perceived value and reduce spam complaints.
  • Engagement Monitoring: Continuously monitor email engagement metrics (opens, clicks, unsubscribes) and adjust strategies based on performance.
  • Reputation Management: Proactively manage sender reputation to mitigate the impact of spam complaints and maintain deliverability.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that Facebook addresses can be old, sign-ups from petitions often yield invalid addresses, and political issues attract harassment, all leading to spam complaints and lower deliverability. She suggests the declines are likely due to machine learning filters identifying unwanted mail.

January 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Laura Atkins, explains that political content often faces issues related to "list bombing" where people sign up others who disagree with the political position to cause deliverability issues. This can significantly impact open rates as the list becomes filled with unengaged or hostile recipients.

January 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains the importance of user control over their email address. She goes on to say filtering systems use user data to determine if mail is permissioned or unwanted and also reinforces the idea that hygiene practices aim to remove data that indicates unwanted mail to improve delivery.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Dennis Dayman, shares that political email deliverability is challenging due to heightened scrutiny from mailbox providers and increased spam complaints. He mentions that acquiring email addresses through Facebook ads, while providing initial engagement, doesn't guarantee sustained interest or permission, potentially leading to lower open rates over time.

January 2022 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Email authentication using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is crucial for ensuring deliverability and preventing spoofing. Monitoring sender reputation through tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft Sender Support helps identify and address issues related to spam complaints. Implementing these protocols builds trust and verifies the sender's identity, improving email delivery rates.

Key findings

  • SPF Authentication: SPF records authorize specific mail servers to send emails on behalf of a domain, preventing email spoofing.
  • DKIM Signature: DKIM adds a digital signature to emails, verifying the sender's identity and ensuring message integrity.
  • DMARC Policy: DMARC builds upon SPF and DKIM, allowing domain owners to specify how receivers should handle emails that fail authentication checks.
  • Sender Reputation Monitoring: Tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft Sender Support provide data on sender reputation and spam complaint rates.
  • Feedback Loop (FBL): Feedback loops (FBL) provide data on spam complaints, allowing senders to address issues and improve their practices.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Implementation: Ensure proper implementation and configuration of SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Regularly monitor sender reputation and spam complaint rates through available tools.
  • Compliance with Standards: Adhere to email sending best practices and comply with industry standards to maintain a good sender reputation.
  • Proactive Issue Resolution: Promptly address any issues identified through reputation monitoring or feedback loops to prevent further deliverability problems.
  • Authentication Validation: Use online tools to validate your SPF, DKIM and DMARC records are set up correctly.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Sender Support explains that they use feedback loop (FBL) data to identify and mitigate spam. Senders should monitor their FBL data to understand complaint rates and address any issues causing recipients to mark their emails as spam.

March 2025 - Microsoft Sender Support
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM.org explains that DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) adds a digital signature to your emails, verifying the sender's identity and ensuring the message hasn't been altered in transit. Implementing DKIM helps improve email deliverability and trust.

February 2025 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools Help explains that ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is critical for deliverability. They also recommend monitoring your sender reputation through Google Postmaster Tools to identify and address any issues affecting your sending domain's reputation.

March 2023 - Google Postmaster Tools Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains Sender Policy Framework (SPF) records and says they help prevent email spoofing by specifying which mail servers are authorized to send emails on behalf of a domain. Implementing SPF records can improve email deliverability by authenticating your sending sources.

August 2022 - RFC