What is the optimal email volume per IP address and what factors influence it?

Summary

The optimal email volume per IP address is a dynamic value influenced by numerous factors. Key determinants include sender reputation, recipient engagement, list quality, and technical considerations like IP warmup and throttling. Experts agree there's no single hard rule; rather, volume should be adjusted based on performance monitoring, feedback from mailbox providers, and proactive management of sender reputation. Warming up new IPs gradually, maintaining a clean and engaged subscriber list, implementing email authentication protocols, and consistently monitoring deliverability metrics are essential practices. While high sending volumes are achievable, they reduce the margin for error and necessitate diligent reputation management.

Key findings

  • No Fixed Rule: There's no single hard rule for optimal email volume per IP.
  • Reputation is King: Sender reputation is paramount for deliverability.
  • Engagement Drives Volume: Higher engagement allows for greater sending volumes.
  • Quality over Quantity: List quality is more important than the number of emails sent.
  • IP Warmup Essential: Gradual IP warmup is crucial for new IP addresses.
  • Performance Monitoring: Continuous performance monitoring is necessary to adjust sending strategies.
  • Throttling Concerns: ISP throttling can limit sending volume, especially for new IPs.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Actively monitor IP and domain reputation.
  • Warm-Up IPs: Gradually warm up new IP addresses before sending high volumes.
  • Authenticate Emails: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for email authentication.
  • Clean Your List: Regularly clean your email list by removing unengaged subscribers.
  • Engage Your Audience: Focus on sending relevant, valuable content to increase engagement.
  • Monitor Metrics: Track key deliverability metrics like open rates and spam complaints.
  • Comply with Guidelines: Adhere to email sending guidelines from major ISPs.
  • Consider Attachments: Be aware that larger attachments can affect sending volume.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

The optimal email volume per IP address is not a fixed number but rather depends on several factors, primarily revolving around sender reputation, engagement, and technical considerations. Experts recommend a gradual IP warmup process for new IPs, closely monitoring deliverability metrics and sender reputation. A clean, engaged email list is crucial, as sending to a highly engaged audience allows for higher volumes without deliverability issues. Email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and consistent monitoring of sender reputation through tools and feedback loops are highly recommended. There is a consensus against a 'one-size-fits-all' number, and performance should be the guide, adjusting volumes according to performance.

Key opinions

  • Volume Varies: Optimal email volume per IP is not a fixed number and varies based on multiple factors.
  • IP Warmup: IP warmup is crucial for new IPs, requiring a gradual increase in sending volume.
  • Engagement Matters: High engagement allows for higher sending volumes, while low engagement necessitates lower volumes.
  • Reputation is Key: Sender reputation is a critical factor influencing deliverability and optimal volume.
  • List Quality: Maintaining a clean, engaged email list is essential for sustained deliverability.
  • Performance Driven: Performance metrics should guide sending volume adjustments.

Key considerations

  • Email Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to improve email authentication.
  • Monitor Reputation: Consistently monitor IP and domain reputation using available tools and feedback loops.
  • Analyze Engagement: Track open rates, click-through rates, and spam complaints to assess engagement.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list to remove inactive or unengaged subscribers.
  • Content Quality: Ensure email content is valuable and relevant to recipients.
  • Test Volumes: A/B test different sending volumes with smaller segments to find the optimal balance.
  • Future Growth: When growing, consider warming up additional IPs for future volume.
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign shares that testing sending volumes with smaller segments is crucial to gauge deliverability. He recommends A/B testing different volumes to find the optimal balance without triggering spam filters.

September 2023 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum emphasizes list quality. He mentions sending to an engaged audience allows for higher volumes without deliverability issues.

April 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks mentions that headroom is a big benefit of more IPs and says there is no magic number of emails that a given IP can handle. Recipient provider throughput is the big bottle neck, and sending too many messages from too few IPs can be problematic if your audience is comprised of smaller inbox providers, suggesting performance should be the guide.

January 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains technical limitations may arise with large attachments. They highlight the risk of relying on a single IP due to potential reputation fluctuations, and states that a clean, engaged list is the key to addressing the IP question.

March 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that IP warmup is crucial for new IPs. They recommend starting with a small sending volume and gradually increasing it over time, while closely monitoring deliverability metrics and sender reputation.

January 2025 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains the optimal volume depends on IP reputation and engagement. He mentions that low engagement requires lower volume to avoid spam filters.

June 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that key factors impacting email deliverability include authentication, sender reputation, list management, and content quality. Maintaining a clean and engaged list is crucial for higher sending volumes without deliverability issues.

August 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps explains that IP reputation is a critical factor in determining optimal email volume per IP. They suggest monitoring IP reputation using tools and adjusting sending volume based on the feedback from mailbox providers.

December 2024 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares experiences with high email volume per IP, including instances of 20 million per IP without issues. He notes a past rule-of-thumb of 1 million per IP based on anecdotal observation and mentions a historical limit of 4 million/day/IP at Hotmail, while emphasising that volume limits were circumvented by spreading volume, which he did not recommend.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that optimal sending volume is about quality, not quantity. Focusing on sending to engaged contacts and providing valuable content is essential for sustained deliverability.

March 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from NeilPatel.com shares that factors influencing deliverability include sender reputation, email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), list hygiene, engagement metrics (open rates, click-through rates), and spam complaints. He advises monitoring these factors to optimize email volume per IP.

March 2025 - NeilPatel.com
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that the volume depends on who you are mailing to and suggests considering future growth, so starting to warm another IP can be beneficial.

October 2022 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Experts agree that there's no strict rule for optimal email volume per IP, with observed instances ranging significantly. High volumes are possible but decrease headroom for errors and increase throttling risk. Factors like IP reputation, spam complaints, blocklist status, and ISP throttling thresholds are critical. Monitoring these aspects and adapting sending volume is advised. If the sending process is slow, additional IPs or MTAs should be considered.

Key opinions

  • No Hard Rule: There's no fixed rule for optimal email volume per IP.
  • Reduced Headroom: Higher volumes reduce headroom for errors and increase throttling risk.
  • Reputation Matters: IP reputation significantly influences deliverability.
  • Monitor Factors: Spam complaints, blocklist status, and sending behavior impact IP reputation.
  • ISP Throttling: ISP throttling thresholds vary and can be low for new IPs.
  • Scale Resources: If slow sending is an issue, consider more IPs or MTAs.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Track IP reputation and blocklist status regularly.
  • Adjust Volume: Adapt sending volume based on performance metrics and feedback.
  • Handle Errors: Be prepared to manage errors and throttling effectively.
  • Resource Planning: Consider scaling resources like IPs or MTAs based on performance needs.
  • New IP Considerations: Be aware that new IPs may face lower throttling thresholds.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that factors impacting IP reputation include spam complaints, blocklist status, and overall sending behavior. He suggests monitoring these factors to adjust sending volume accordingly.

April 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains how ISP throttling may begin at different volumes based on IP Reputation. Some may have low thresholds for new IPs.

February 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that there's no hard rule for email volume per IP, and while larger volumes are possible, it reduces headroom for error or throttling. He suggests the ESP may be trying to optimize management, especially during critical issues.

June 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares an instance of seeing 20 million emails per day per IP and they were doing fine, although she did move them down.

March 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that some senders send more than 2 million emails per day per IP on SFMC without issues. He suggests continuing if it's working well, but consider more IPs or dedicated MTAs if the building and mailing process is too slow.

August 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Email service provider documentation emphasizes that the optimal email volume per IP address is influenced by several factors. IP warmup, gradual volume increases, and consistent sending volumes are important for establishing a positive sender reputation. Maintaining a good sender score through engagement, compliance, authentication, and list hygiene helps avoid exceeding sending limits and spam filters. Monitoring deliverability metrics, spam rates, and working with feedback loops contribute to a successful email sending strategy.

Key findings

  • IP Warmup: Gradually increase sending volume for IP warmup to build sender reputation.
  • Account Reputation: Sending limits are affected by account reputation and compliance.
  • Subscriber Count: Sending limits depend on plan and subscriber count.
  • List Hygiene: Maintaining list hygiene is essential for avoiding spam filters.
  • Sender Score: Maintain a good sender score through engagement.
  • Authentication: Email authentication is required by most providers.
  • Easy Unsubscribe: Providing an easy unsubscribe process is required by most providers.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Deliverability: Monitor deliverability metrics to evaluate IP warmup progress.
  • Comply with Terms: Adhere to the terms of service of your email service provider.
  • Remove Inactive Subscribers: Remove inactive subscribers to maintain list hygiene.
  • Consistent Volume: Maintain consistent sending volumes.
  • Feedback Loops: Use feedback loop programs
  • Monitor spam rates: Monitor spam rates.
Technical article

Documentation from Google shares that they require senders to authenticate their emails and provide an easy unsubscribe process. They also recommend monitoring spam rates and maintaining consistent sending volumes.

August 2023 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Mailchimp explains that sending limits depend on your plan and subscriber count. They suggest gradually increasing sending volume to avoid triggering spam filters and maintaining list hygiene.

June 2023 - Mailchimp
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that IP warmup involves gradually increasing sending volume to establish a positive reputation with ISPs. They recommend starting with small batches and incrementally increasing volume daily, while monitoring deliverability metrics.

August 2023 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid explains that sending limits are influenced by factors like account reputation, engagement, and compliance with their terms. They recommend following best practices to maintain a good sender score and avoid exceeding sending limits.

December 2021 - SendGrid
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that a key part of not being blocked is ensuring that your reputation is good. They recommend working with the feedback loop program.

June 2023 - Microsoft