What is the HTTP Referrer-Policy header and how does it relate to email sending and hosted images?

Summary

The HTTP Referrer-Policy header is a security mechanism that allows websites to control the amount of information shared in the Referer header when users navigate to other pages or request resources. This is especially relevant to email sending when tracking pixels and hosted images are involved. A restrictive policy enhances privacy and security by limiting the data shared but can impact email tracking accuracy, CDN performance, and the functionality of systems relying on the Referer header for authentication or access control. The policy's impact on hosted images becomes significant when image requests involve redirects (e.g., to a CDN). It is crucial to balance security and privacy with email marketing needs and to configure the header correctly to prevent data leakage and protect user privacy.

Key findings

  • Privacy & Security: The Referrer-Policy header is primarily used to enhance privacy and security by controlling information shared in the Referer header.
  • Analytics Impact: Restrictive policies can lead to inaccurate or incomplete web analytics data due to limited referrer information.
  • CDN Relevance: The policy affects image requests particularly when CDNs are used, impacting caching and access control.
  • Tracking Pixel Implications: Restrictive policies can prevent accurate tracking of email opens and user behavior via tracking pixels.
  • Browser Implementation: Browsers determine the policy to apply based on various factors, including meta tags and attributes.

Key considerations

  • Policy Selection: Carefully select the appropriate policy directives (e.g., no-referrer, origin, unsafe-url) based on privacy and data needs.
  • Testing: Thoroughly test the chosen Referrer-Policy with different email clients and configurations to ensure compatibility and accurate tracking.
  • CDN Settings: Ensure that CDN settings are compatible with the chosen Referrer-Policy to avoid disrupting image delivery or caching.
  • Privacy Tradeoffs: Consider the tradeoffs between privacy, security, and the features which a referral policy can enable, such as analytics and personalized experiences

What email marketers say
13Marketer opinions

The HTTP Referrer-Policy header is a security measure that controls the amount of information passed in the Referer header when a user navigates from one website to another. It's relevant to email sending primarily through its impact on tracking pixels and hosted images. When an email contains a tracking pixel or links to hosted images, the request for these resources can be affected by the Referrer-Policy. A restrictive policy can prevent the server hosting the image or pixel from knowing the origin of the request, which can impact analytics, CDN caching, and even break functionality if the Referer header is used for authentication or access control. Implementing a strong Referrer Policy is crucial to prevent sensitive data from leaking, protecting user privacy, and mitigating risks like cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. Properly configuring this header is vital for balancing security with the needs of email marketing practices like tracking and personalization.

Key opinions

  • Security and Privacy: The Referrer-Policy header is a security mechanism designed to protect user privacy by controlling the amount of information shared in the Referer header when navigating between websites.
  • Impact on Tracking: Restrictive Referrer-Policy settings can hinder email tracking efforts by preventing tracking pixels from accurately reporting the origin of the email open.
  • CDN Implications: When using CDNs for hosted images, the Referrer-Policy can affect caching and access control if the CDN relies on the Referer header.
  • Image Requests: The Referrer-Policy applies to requests for images in emails if those requests result in redirects or depend on the Referer header.

Key considerations

  • Balance Security and Functionality: Carefully balance the security benefits of a restrictive Referrer-Policy with the potential impact on email marketing functionality, such as tracking and personalization.
  • CDN Configuration: Ensure that CDN settings are compatible with the chosen Referrer-Policy to avoid disrupting image delivery or caching.
  • Testing and Monitoring: Thoroughly test the impact of Referrer-Policy changes on email campaigns and monitor analytics to ensure accurate tracking and reporting.
  • Privacy implications: Consider user privacy when defining a referrer policy as permissive policies can leak sensitive data about a user's browsing activity.
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange describes that the referrer policy is important for maintaining user privacy. Many browsers default to allowing all Referer information to be sent, including potentially sensitive information like user IDs or session tokens. Setting a stricter Referrer-Policy helps mitigate this leakage.

July 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Cloudflare states that the Referrer-Policy header lets sites have more control over this data. Setting the policy correctly helps to prevent this sensitive data from leaking. It can protect users' privacy and prevent malicious actors from abusing the data.

November 2021 - Cloudflare
Marketer view

Email marketer from DNSimple describes that when a user clicks a link from one website to another, the browser sends an HTTP Referer header to the destination server. The header contains the URL of the referring page. Setting a Referrer-Policy protects the privacy of your users and the security of your website by limiting the information that is sent in the Referer header.

August 2021 - DNSimple
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that the request to the image goes to a server that would contain the Referrer Policy from the requested image.

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that the Referrer-Policy can affect image requests if those requests redirect or rely on the Referer header for tracking or authentication. A restrictive policy might prevent the image server from knowing where the request originated, potentially breaking functionality or analytics.

July 2024 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that the HTTP Referrer-Policy header is a security header that controls how much information about the originating URL of a request is included in the Referer header and how different values for the Referrer-Policy header dictate different behaviors. The Referer header is sent by the browser to indicate the URL of the web page from which the current request originated, enhancing privacy and security by controlling the amount of information shared.

April 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Troy Hunt's Blog discusses the security implications of the Referer header and advocates for using a strong Referrer Policy. He points out that the Referer header can inadvertently leak sensitive information and emphasizes the importance of configuring the header correctly to protect user privacy and prevent attacks.

November 2024 - Troy Hunt's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum raises a point about email tracking pixels. If emails contain tracking pixels (small, invisible images), the request for these images might be affected by the Referrer-Policy. A restrictive policy could prevent the email sender from knowing which website the email recipient was visiting when they opened the email.

August 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from KeyCDN explains that a Referrer-Policy header allows you to decide what information, if any, should be passed along to another website. By using the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, you can prevent certain information from being sent to other sites when a user clicks a link on your site.

April 2021 - KeyCDN
Marketer view

Email marketer from OWASP describes Referrer Policy as a way to control information that a website passes along when a user clicks a link that leads them away from the site. The HTTP Referer header can contain sensitive information about the user and the website they are visiting. By implementing the Referrer-Policy HTTP header, websites can control the amount of information that is included in the Referer header.

September 2021 - OWASP
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks suggests that the HTTP Referrer-Policy header might be related to hosted images.

May 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Scott Helme's Blog explains that the Referrer-Policy header is a crucial security measure. It allows websites to control the information passed in the Referer header when users navigate to other pages. This can prevent sensitive data from being exposed to third parties and helps mitigate risks like cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks.

March 2025 - Scott Helme's Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that Referrer-Policy becomes relevant with CDNs. If images or other resources are served through a CDN, the CDN might use the Referer header for caching or security purposes. A restrictive policy could impact CDN performance or prevent access to resources.

August 2024 - Reddit

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

The HTTP Referrer-Policy header's relevance to email sending and hosted images centers on its ability to control the information passed along with resource requests. While images themselves don't inherently contain links, the policy becomes pertinent when image requests involve redirects, such as a 302 redirect to a CDN. In such cases, a restrictive Referrer-Policy can limit the data available to the CDN or the server hosting the image, potentially affecting email open tracking and user behavior analysis. Properly configuring the header is vital to balance security and email marketing practices.

Key opinions

  • Relevance via Redirects: The Referrer-Policy primarily affects email images when the image request redirects (e.g., to a CDN).
  • Impact on Tracking: Restrictive policies can limit the ability to track email opens and user behavior via hosted images.
  • CDN Implications: The Referrer-Policy's configuration can influence how CDNs handle image requests, impacting caching and access.

Key considerations

  • Image Hosting: Understand where email images are hosted (e.g., local server vs. CDN) and how redirects are handled.
  • Balance security with Tracking: Carefully evaluate the security benefits of stricter Referrer-Policy settings versus the potential drawbacks for email tracking effectiveness.
  • Test Policies: Test the chosen Referrer-Policy with different email clients and configurations to ensure compatibility and accurate tracking.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks initially states that images don’t contain links, so the HTTP Referrer-Policy header wouldn’t do anything, but then agrees that it could be relevant if the image request results in a 302 redirect to a CDN.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that the HTTP Referrer-Policy header is used to control how much information is passed along with requests for resources, like images hosted on a server, which can impact email marketing if not properly configured. A restrictive referrer policy may limit the ability to track email opens or identify user behavior based on image requests.

November 2022 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

The HTTP Referrer-Policy header dictates how much referrer information is sent with requests, impacting privacy, security, and analytics. Different directives determine the level of detail shared in the Referer header. Web analytics tools often rely on this header to track traffic sources; therefore, a restrictive Referrer-Policy can lead to inaccurate data. Browsers determine which policy to apply based on various factors, including meta tags and attributes. The IETF specification defines the syntax and processing model of this header.

Key findings

  • Information Control: The Referrer-Policy header controls the amount of referrer information sent with requests.
  • Privacy and Security: The header enhances privacy and security by limiting the information shared.
  • Analytics Impact: Restrictive policies can result in inaccurate or incomplete web analytics data.
  • Standardization: The Referrer Policy is standardized with defined directives and processing models.

Key considerations

  • Analytics Accuracy: Consider the impact on web analytics when setting a Referrer-Policy.
  • Browser Behavior: Understand how browsers determine which Referrer-Policy to apply.
  • Policy Directives: Carefully choose the appropriate policy directives based on privacy and data needs.
  • Tradeoffs: There is a need to trade off between privacy and the features which a referral policy can enable, such as analytics
Technical article

Documentation from IETF outlines the specifics of the Referrer Policy specification. It defines the syntax and semantics of the Referrer-Policy HTTP header and the referrerpolicy attribute. The specification also defines the processing model that user agents (browsers) must follow when handling these directives.

September 2021 - IETF
Technical article

Documentation from Google Developers highlights how the Referrer-Policy affects web analytics. Many analytics tools rely on the Referer header to track traffic sources. Setting a restrictive policy can lead to inaccurate or incomplete analytics data, making it harder to understand user behavior and measure marketing effectiveness.

May 2021 - Google Developers
Technical article

Documentation from W3C outlines the specifics of the Referrer Policy standard. It defines the different policy directives (e.g., no-referrer, origin, unsafe-url) and their impact on the Referer header. It also details the process by which browsers determine which policy to apply to a given request, considering factors like meta tags and the referrer attribute.

August 2021 - W3C
Technical article

Documentation from MDN Web Docs explains that the HTTP Referrer-Policy header controls how much referrer information (sent via the Referer header) should be included with requests. It governs the information websites receive about the origin of traffic and can enhance privacy and security by limiting the data shared.

March 2023 - MDN Web Docs