What is a dotted hostname in the context of email and DNS records?

Summary

In the context of email and DNS records, a 'dotted hostname' can be understood as a specific name given to a computer within a network to identify it. It's often the leftmost part of a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN), and can be a subdomain (e.g., mail.example.com). While some argue that there's no significant difference between a hostname and a domain name at the DNS level, for email purposes, a valid hostname should resolve to a valid IP address to pass authentication checks. RFC 952 specifies that hostnames consist of alphanumeric characters (starting with a letter) and hyphens. Best practices suggest using a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) as the hostname that resolves to the server's IP address. Even with a hostname, it's important to set up DNS records like MX and SPF for email delivery and security. If dealing with complex hostname issues, engaging an expert is recommended. Finally, it is recommended you don't use the raw hostname for 'From' addresses but rather a subdomain.

Key findings

  • Identification: A hostname identifies a specific computer/server on a network.
  • FQDN Importance: Using a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) is the recommended approach.
  • Authentication: A valid hostname must resolve to a valid IP address for email authentication purposes.
  • DNS Records: Even with hostnames, ensure DNS records (MX, SPF) are properly configured.
  • Syntax Rules: Hostnames should follow RFC 952 syntax (alphanumeric characters, start with a letter, hyphens allowed).
  • Level of importance: Its is recommend you don't use the raw hostname for 'From' addresses

Key considerations

  • Resolution: Verify the hostname resolves to the correct IP address.
  • Complexity: Consider engaging an expert for complex hostname-related issues.
  • Best Practices: Adhere to the recommended practices of using FQDNs as hostnames.
  • Distinction: Understand that at some levels (SMTP), the term hostname is interchangeable.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

In the context of email and DNS records, a hostname is a name assigned to a computer for identification on a network, often the leftmost part of a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN). While sometimes used interchangeably with 'domain name', a hostname refers to a specific machine, while a domain name indicates a network location. Hostnames can be subdomains, and should ideally be FQDNs resolving to a valid IP address for email deliverability. Despite not being recommended for general email 'From' addresses, hostnames can still have MX and SPF records. In email addresses, the hostname is the part after the @ symbol, indicating the mail server responsible for handling the email.

Key opinions

  • Definition: A hostname identifies a specific computer on a network.
  • FQDN Importance: Using a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) as a hostname is recommended for email deliverability.
  • Email Context: In email addresses, the hostname identifies the mail server.
  • Not recommended for From address: Using the raw hostname is not recommended for general email from address, but its perfectly acceptable to use a subdomain for example.

Key considerations

  • DNS Records: Ensure proper DNS records (MX, SPF) are configured even when using hostnames for email.
  • Best Practices: Use an FQDN that resolves to a valid IP address for the hostname.
  • Terminology: Understand the difference between hostname and domain name.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora notes that a hostname is used to identify a specific device on a network, making it easier for humans to remember and access the device compared to using IP addresses directly.

October 2022 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that in the context of email, the hostname is the part of the email address after the @ symbol. It indicates the mail server responsible for handling the email.

May 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from LinuxQuestions.org describes that when setting up a server, the hostname is the first thing you configure. It's crucial for identifying the server within the network and for various applications that rely on DNS.

April 2022 - LinuxQuestions.org
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow explains that the terms domain and host are often mixed up, but they have different meanings. A hostname is the name of a machine, whereas a domain name is the location of a network.

May 2023 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Namecheap Support explains that a hostname is a name given to a computer to identify it on a network. It's often used interchangeably with domain name, but refers specifically to the name of the server.

February 2025 - Namecheap
Marketer view

Email marketer from Server Fault highlights that a hostname can also be a subdomain (e.g., mail.example.com), which provides a way to organize and delegate different services or functions to separate hosts within a domain.

October 2024 - Server Fault
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks refers to sourcedaddy.com/networking/dotted-names.html (but I will not be including it as you asked), and doesn't think the hostname will work in the email sense, especially since the sender is aware it is not RFC compliant. He also says that their "dotted hostname" is the host part of the subdomain like dotted.hostname.com.example.com

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks guesses that "dotted hostname" refers to something.example.com, a hostname as opposed to example.com, a domain name. He explains that a hostname is valid for both the 5321.MailFrom and the 5322.From, and can have MX records and an SPF record. However, he wouldn't recommend using a hostname for the 5322.From for sending anything other than system messages. Also suggests that if the client is invested in using a hostname, it can be turned into a subdomain.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from DigitalOcean Community suggests that for best practices, your hostname should be a fully qualified domain name (FQDN) that resolves to the server's IP address, ensuring proper identification and email deliverability.

May 2024 - DigitalOcean
Marketer view

Email marketer from Super User responds that a hostname is a name assigned to a computer for identification on a network. In DNS, it's the leftmost part of a fully qualified domain name (FQDN).

November 2022 - Super User
Marketer view

Email marketer from Web Hosting Talk points out that even with a hostname, you can still set up DNS records like MX (for email), SPF (for email authentication), and other records to ensure proper email delivery and security.

April 2024 - Web Hosting Talk

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Experts have varying perspectives on 'dotted hostnames'. One opinion suggests that there is no real distinction between hostnames and domain names within the DNS infrastructure, and SMTP operates at a higher level. Other opinions suggest it must exist and resolve to a valid IP address to pass email authentication checks. The DNS system is structured hierarchically, and for complex issues, the best course of action is to engage an expert.

Key opinions

  • No Distinction: Some experts believe the difference between hostname and domain name is negligible at the DNS level.
  • Validation Importance: A valid hostname should resolve to a valid IP for email authentication.
  • Hierarchical Structure: The DNS is hierarchical with root domains and subdomains.

Key considerations

  • Complex Issues: Engage an expert for complex hostname-related problems.
  • Authentication: Ensure the hostname resolves to a valid IP for email legitimacy.
  • DNS Structure: Understand DNS hierarchy for managing hostnames and domains.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise (Laura Atkins) explains that the best way to solve an issue of hostnames is to engage an expert.

September 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that the DNS servers use a hierarchical, 'upside-down' tree structure. The root domain is on top, and the subdomains branch out below.

March 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains there’s literally no distinction between a hostname and a domain name and within the DNS they’re _all_ referred to as domain names or as labels, and SMTP is all at a higher level than that.

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that in the context of email, a valid hostname must exist and resolve to a valid IP address. This is a key part of email authentication checks to ensure the sender is legitimate. They also use the term FQDN or Fully Qualified Domain Name a lot.

October 2023 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Documentation defines a hostname as a domain name assigned to a host computer, resolving to one or more IP addresses. It acts as a label identifying a device on a network. The syntax mandates alphanumeric characters, starting with a letter, and optional hyphens. A Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) incorporates the hostname and all parent domains, up to the root, offering an absolute location within the DNS hierarchy. Hostnames are used in DNS records to map domain names or subdomains to IP addresses, enabling access using human-readable names.

Key findings

  • Hostname Definition: Hostname is a domain name for a host computer, resolving to IP addresses.
  • Syntax: Hostnames consist of alphanumeric characters, starting with a letter, and hyphens.
  • FQDN: An FQDN includes the hostname and all parent domains, providing an absolute DNS location.
  • DNS Records: Hostnames map domain names to IP addresses in DNS records.

Key considerations

  • Syntax Adherence: Follow hostname syntax rules for compatibility.
  • FQDN Usage: Use FQDNs for unambiguous identification in the DNS hierarchy.
  • DNS Management: Configure DNS records to correctly map hostnames to IP addresses.
Technical article

Documentation from tools.ietf.org explains that a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) includes the hostname and all parent domains, up to the root domain. It provides an absolute location in the DNS hierarchy. For example, mail.example.com.

August 2022 - tools.ietf.org
Technical article

Documentation from Cloudflare explains that a hostname is used in DNS records (like A, AAAA, CNAME) to map a domain name or subdomain to an IP address. This allows users to access a server using a human-readable name instead of an IP address.

April 2022 - Cloudflare
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor (RFC 952) specifies the syntax for hostnames in ARPA Internet protocols. It states that a hostname should consist of alphanumeric characters, starting with a letter, and may include hyphens.

August 2021 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from DNSimple explains that a hostname is a domain name assigned to a host computer. It can resolve to one or more IP addresses. It is a label that identifies a device on a network.

October 2021 - DNSimple
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn explains that a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) specifies the exact location of a host within the DNS hierarchy. It includes the hostname and all domain levels, ensuring uniqueness and proper routing.

December 2022 - Microsoft Learn