What does a 'timeout after end of message' error from blocklist.de mean and how do I fix it?

Summary

The 'timeout after end of message' error from blocklist.de indicates a complex issue potentially stemming from various sources, including SMTP protocol violations, address harvesting attempts, server misconfigurations, network problems, security software interference, and even compromised servers. Experts and marketers recommend a multi-faceted approach to resolution, focusing on strict SMTP compliance (particularly the QUIT command), thorough log analysis, server configuration checks, network stability, security audits, resource monitoring, and consideration of using a reputable SMTP service. Recognizing 'harvesting' reports as a separate issue related to sending to invalid addresses and securing servers against unauthorized use are also crucial.

Key findings

  • SMTP Protocol Violation: Premature connection closure without the QUIT command is a primary cause.
  • Address Harvesting: While related to blocklist.de, this indicates attempts to discover valid email addresses, suggesting list hygiene issues.
  • Server Misconfiguration: Improper timeout settings or resource limitations can lead to timeouts.
  • Network Instability: Network congestion or latency can disrupt SMTP transactions.
  • Security Software Interference: Firewalls and antivirus programs can block or throttle SMTP connections.
  • Compromised Server: Timeout errors might indicate unauthorized server usage for spam.

Key considerations

  • Implement SMTP Compliance: Ensure proper use of the QUIT command and adherence to SMTP standards.
  • Analyze Server Logs: Pinpoint the exact moment of timeout and any related errors in server logs.
  • Check Server Configuration: Verify timeout settings, DNS records, and resource availability.
  • Ensure Network Stability: Address any network congestion or latency issues.
  • Audit Security Software: Ensure firewalls and antivirus programs allow SMTP traffic.
  • Monitor Server Resources: Track CPU, memory, and disk I/O usage to prevent server unresponsiveness.
  • Clean Email Lists: Remove invalid email addresses to prevent address harvesting detections.
  • Secure Server Against Compromise: Implement strong security measures to prevent unauthorized access and usage.
  • Consider Reputable SMTP Service: If issues persist, a reliable SMTP provider can improve deliverability.
  • Test Different Setups: Test sending from different computers with varying configurations to identify potential environmental causes.

What email marketers say
8Marketer opinions

The 'timeout after end of message' error from blocklist.de generally indicates a problem with the SMTP transaction between your mail server and the recipient's server. Root causes range from misconfigurations on your server, to network issues, or even overly aggressive anti-spam measures by the recipient. Fixing the issue involves a multi-pronged approach that includes checking server configurations, examining logs, ensuring network stability, verifying firewall settings, optimizing email content, monitoring server resources, and potentially switching to a more reliable SMTP service.

Key opinions

  • Server Configuration: Incorrect timeout settings, resource limitations, or general misconfigurations can cause premature connection closures.
  • Network Issues: Network congestion or intermittent connectivity can lead to timeouts during SMTP transactions.
  • Security Software: Firewalls and anti-virus software can interfere with SMTP connections, causing timeouts.
  • Aggressive Anti-Spam: Recipient servers' anti-spam measures can cause timeouts if your email is flagged as suspicious.
  • Protocol Non-Compliance: Not adhering to proper SMTP procedures for closing connections is often the underlying cause.

Key considerations

  • Check Server Logs: Examine mail server logs to pinpoint the exact moment of the timeout and any associated error messages.
  • Verify Timeout Settings: Ensure your mail server's timeout settings are appropriately configured to allow sufficient time for SMTP transactions.
  • Optimize Email Content: Ensure your email content is not triggering spam filters, which could lead to connection terminations.
  • Network Stability: Address any network congestion or intermittent connectivity issues between your server and recipients' servers.
  • Review Firewall Settings: Verify that your firewall and security software are not interfering with outgoing SMTP traffic.
  • Monitor Server Resources: Monitor your server's CPU, memory, and disk I/O usage to ensure sufficient resources are available.
  • Consider SMTP Service: If problems persist, consider switching to a reputable SMTP service provider.
  • Test Different Setups: Test sending from different computer setups to ensure it is not an issue specific to individual machines.
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow suggests checking your mail server configuration to ensure that the connection timeout settings are appropriately configured. A short timeout value might cause premature connection closures. Also, verify that your server has enough resources to handle the number of outgoing connections.

June 2021 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit recommends examining your mail server logs to pinpoint the exact moment the timeout occurs. This can help identify whether the issue is happening before, during, or after message transmission. Look for any related error messages or warnings in the logs.

February 2025 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from MXToolbox indicates that some firewalls or security software can interfere with SMTP connections, causing timeouts. Ensure that your firewall allows outgoing SMTP traffic on port 25, 587, or 465, and that no security software is blocking or throttling connections.

April 2024 - MXToolbox
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares the recommendation to use a reputable SMTP service that adheres to all best practices. They often have better delivery rates and may avoid these type of errors.

January 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from AuthSMTP says that some anti-virus software or other internet security software can cause issues with SMTP. Ensure you test sending from a variety of computers with different setups.

March 2022 - AuthSMTP
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet suggests checking the resource utilization of your mail server, including CPU, memory, and disk I/O. Insufficient resources can cause the server to become unresponsive, leading to timeouts. Consider upgrading your server hardware or optimizing your server configuration.

October 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that network congestion or intermittent network connectivity issues between your mail server and the recipient's server can lead to timeouts. Consider using a more reliable internet connection or a dedicated mail relay service to improve stability.

September 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperUser mentions that some recipient mail servers have aggressive anti-spam measures that can cause timeouts if your email is flagged as suspicious. Ensure that your email content is not triggering spam filters and that your sending reputation is good.

February 2024 - SuperUser

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

The 'timeout after end of message' error reported by blocklist.de suggests issues ranging from SMTP protocol violations and address harvesting to potentially compromised servers. Experts indicate that non-compliance with SMTP standards, specifically the premature closing of connections without sending a QUIT command, is a common cause. Furthermore, the error can signal malicious activity, such as dictionary attacks or the exploitation of a compromised server for spam distribution. Proper security measures, protocol adherence, and scrutiny of outgoing mail queues are vital in addressing these problems.

Key opinions

  • SMTP Violation: The error often stems from violating SMTP protocol standards, particularly by not sending the QUIT command before closing connections.
  • Address Harvesting: Blocklist.de's 'harvesting' report signifies behavior resembling attacks to discover active email addresses, not directly related to connection closure issues.
  • Compromised Server: Timeout errors might indicate a server has been compromised and is being used for unauthorized activities like spamming.

Key considerations

  • Protocol Adherence: Ensure proper implementation of the SMTP protocol, especially the QUIT command sequence.
  • Security Measures: Implement robust security measures to protect your server from unauthorized access and exploitation.
  • Mail Queue Monitoring: Review outgoing mail queues for unusual activity that may indicate a compromised server.
  • Address Validation: Ensure your mailing lists are clean and that you are not sending to invalid addresses, which can trigger address harvesting detections.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that timeout errors can sometimes indicate a compromised SMTP server attempting unauthorized activities. These could be attempts to relay spam through your infrastructure. Securing your server, reviewing your outgoing mail queue for unusual activity, and ensuring strict authentication are critical steps. It's a common issue when an attacker has gained access and is exploiting the server for illicit purposes, leading to erratic behavior like premature connection termination.

August 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the 'timeout after end of message' error from blocklist.de indicates a violation of the SMTP specification and may not directly relate to spam blocking. Laura suggests checking if the IP is listed and how long connections are kept open after DATA. Additionally, they emphasize the importance of sending a QUIT command before closing the connection.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the 'harvesting' report type from blocklist.de indicates the IP address is exhibiting behavior that looks like an attack on the SMTP server to discover active addresses, also known as address harvesting or dictionary attacks. This is not related to incorrect protocol closure, but more to do with sending to invalid email addresses.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource.com explains that 'Timeout after End-of-Message' often arises from non-compliance with SMTP protocols. Servers should properly send the QUIT command and await acknowledgment rather than abruptly closing connections. Incomplete or improperly terminated SMTP sessions often trigger this error, reflecting poor coding practices in mail handling software. The recommendation is to check if you are properly implementing the protocol

January 2023 - Spamresource.com

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

The 'timeout after end of message' error, as documented by blocklist.de, Postfix, SendGrid, and RFC 5321, signifies a violation of SMTP standards where the sending server prematurely closes the connection after transmitting the message. This is often due to misconfiguration, network issues, or a failure to adhere to the complete SMTP transaction sequence, including the proper use of the QUIT command. Addressing the issue requires strict adherence to SMTP protocols, network monitoring, and ensuring proper server configuration.

Key findings

  • SMTP Violation: Premature connection closure violates SMTP standards, as the server should send QUIT and await acknowledgement.
  • Server Misconfiguration: Incorrect server settings can lead to improper connection handling and timeout errors.
  • Network Issues: High latency or packet loss can contribute to timeouts during the SMTP transaction.

Key considerations

  • Protocol Adherence: Strictly adhere to the SMTP protocol, ensuring the QUIT command is correctly implemented.
  • Server Configuration: Review and correct server configurations to prevent premature connection closures.
  • Network Monitoring: Use network monitoring tools to identify and address latency or packet loss issues.
  • DNS Configuration: Ensure proper DNS configuration.
  • IP Blacklisting: Ensure the IP is not on any blacklists.
Technical article

Documentation from blocklist.de explains that 'Timeout after End-of-Message' indicates that the remote server closed the connection prematurely after the message content was sent, violating SMTP standards. This is often caused by server misconfiguration or network issues on the sender's side.

March 2024 - blocklist.de
Technical article

Documentation from RFC 5321 (the SMTP standard) specifies that a conforming SMTP server MUST NOT close the transmission channel except as noted in the RFC. Premature closing after the DATA command constitutes a protocol violation and can result in the 'timeout after end of message' error. Ensure your server adheres to the complete SMTP transaction sequence.

September 2021 - ietf.org
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid suggests using network monitoring tools to check the latency and packet loss between your server and the recipient's server. High latency or packet loss can contribute to timeouts. Also, ensure that your DNS records are correctly configured and that your IP address is not blacklisted.

December 2023 - SendGrid
Technical article

Documentation from Postfix.org emphasizes that strict adherence to SMTP protocol standards is crucial for reliable email delivery. Ensure your mail server correctly implements the QUIT command and waits for the remote server to close the connection gracefully. Closing the connection prematurely can lead to timeout errors.

August 2022 - Postfix.org