What are the best practices for sunsetting inactive email subscribers according to ISPs and GDPR?

Summary

Sunsetting inactive email subscribers is a widely recommended best practice for enhancing email deliverability, sender reputation, and compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM. ISPs like Google, Apple, and Yahoo advocate managing subscriber lists by removing unengaged users, monitoring bounces, and honoring unsubscribe requests. This practice improves deliverability metrics by reducing spam complaints and bounce rates. Experts and marketers emphasize the importance of defining 'inactive' based on engagement metrics (opens, clicks, purchases), establishing a sunsetting policy, and adhering to GDPR's data retention requirements. Gaining explicit permission to continue contacting subscribers is also a crucial aspect of regulatory compliance, offering a transparent approach aligned with individual rights.

Key findings

  • ISPs Advocate for Removal: Major ISPs (Google, Apple, Yahoo) recommend managing email lists and removing inactive subscribers to improve deliverability and sender reputation.
  • GDPR Compliance: Sunsetting supports GDPR compliance by adhering to data minimization principles and respecting data retention limits.
  • Enhanced Deliverability: Removing inactive subscribers leads to improved deliverability metrics (reduced spam complaints, lower bounce rates).
  • Engagement-Based Inactivity: Defining inactivity based on engagement metrics (opens, clicks, purchases) is crucial for effective sunsetting.
  • Privacy benefits: Sunsetting improves privacy by removing unnecessary data and potentially deleting it.

Key considerations

  • Define 'Inactive' Criteria: Establish clear, data-driven criteria for defining 'inactive' subscribers (e.g., no opens in X months).
  • Create a Sunsetting Policy: Develop a documented policy outlining the sunsetting process, including notification and re-engagement efforts.
  • Data Retention Practices: Align sunsetting practices with GDPR data retention requirements, ensuring timely archiving or deletion of data.
  • Re-engagement Strategies: Consider implementing re-engagement campaigns before final removal to provide subscribers with an opportunity to remain subscribed.
  • Regulatory compliance: Seek permission to keep contacting subscribers. If the subscriber doesn't agree, honor that and stop sending.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Sunsetting inactive email subscribers is a best practice for improving email deliverability and maintaining a healthy sender reputation. ISPs like Google, Apple, and Yahoo recommend managing subscriber lists by removing unengaged users. GDPR requires a defined data retention period, making it legitimate to use engagement metrics like opens and clicks to determine when to stop emailing subscribers. Sunsetting improves deliverability by reducing spam complaints and bounce rates. It involves creating a sunsetting policy to identify inactive subscribers based on engagement metrics and removing them from the active list.

Key opinions

  • ISPs recommend removal: ISPs like Google, Apple, and Yahoo recommend managing subscriber lists and removing unengaged users.
  • GDPR allows sunsetting: GDPR requires a data retention period, making sunsetting based on engagement metrics legitimate.
  • Improves Deliverability: Sunsetting improves deliverability by reducing spam complaints and bounce rates, and improving sender reputation.
  • Engagement is Key: Engagement metrics like opens and clicks are crucial for identifying inactive subscribers.

Key considerations

  • Define Inactivity: Establish clear criteria for identifying inactive subscribers based on engagement metrics.
  • Create a Policy: Develop a comprehensive sunsetting policy to guide the removal process.
  • Data Retention: Comply with GDPR by defining data retention periods and appropriately archiving or deleting data.
  • Communication Strategy: Consider implementing a re-engagement campaign to confirm subscriber interest before removal.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that GDPR requires a defined data retention period. It is legitimate to use the date of last open or click to determine whether you should stop sending emails to certain contacts or if you should archive/delete them.

June 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Spam Resource explains that the goal of sunsetting is to improve email deliverability by removing unengaged users from your list, thus reducing spam complaints and improving sender reputation.

October 2024 - Spam Resource
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares Google's recommendation to periodically confirm subscriptions and consider unsubscribing recipients who don't open or read messages.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that in the context of GDPR, a data retention time limit must be determined based on the purpose of processing the stored information and that it is legitimate to use the date of last open or click to determine whether you should stop sending emails to certain contacts or if you should archive/delete them. Tracking clicks and opens is crucial for complying with the legislation.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Karma provides guidance on building a sunsetting policy, including identifying inactive subscribers based on engagement metrics and creating a process to remove them from the active list, which can improve deliverability.

December 2022 - Email Karma
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus advocates for sunsetting inactive subscribers as a key strategy for improving email deliverability and engagement, suggesting that it helps maintain a clean and responsive list.

April 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign Blog emphasizes the importance of email engagement for email deliverability and recommends having a sunsetting policy to remove unengaged subscribers, ultimately boosting deliverability.

June 2023 - ActiveCampaign Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet details how pruning your email list enhances your sender reputation by decreasing bounce rates, and thereby increasing the chances of your email being delivered in subscriber inboxes.

May 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares Apple's encouragement for bulk email senders to manage subscriber lists, suggesting to periodically suppress inactive or disengaged subscribers, remove bouncing addresses, and honor unsubscribe requests.

October 2023 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Experts recommend sunsetting inactive subscribers to protect sender reputation and comply with privacy regulations like GDPR. Yahoo advises monitoring inactive recipients, along with hard and soft bounces, to prevent harm to delivery metrics. Sunsetting improves privacy by removing unnecessary data and potentially deleting it. Determining the inactivity period is critical, considering sending frequency and subscriber behavior, with metrics like opens, clicks, and purchases defining 'inactive.' Finally, gaining explicit permission to continue contacting subscribers ensures compliance with regulations like CAN-SPAM and GDPR.

Key opinions

  • ISPs recommend monitoring: Yahoo advises monitoring inactive recipients, along with bounces, to maintain deliverability.
  • Sunsetting enhances Privacy: Suppressing/sunsetting data improves privacy by removing unnecessary data, and may involve deletion.
  • Inactivity definition: Defining 'inactive' requires considering sending frequency, subscriber behavior, and engagement metrics.
  • Permission is key: Gaining explicit permission to continue contacting subscribers ensures regulatory compliance.

Key considerations

  • Monitoring & Action: Implement processes to actively monitor inactive recipients and take appropriate action (e.g., sunsetting).
  • Inactivity Thresholds: Carefully establish inactivity thresholds based on data analysis and business goals.
  • Privacy Compliance: Align sunsetting practices with privacy regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM.
  • Permission Strategy: Consider implementing a double opt-in or re-permission campaign.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares Yahoo's suggestion: "Sending email to users who are not reading them, or who report them as spam, will harm your delivery metrics and reputation. Monitor hard and soft bounces as well as inactive recipients." from Yahoo's best practices.

September 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise details the impact of the laws and requirements within CAN-SPAM and GDPR and explains that one approach is to get permission to keep contacting subscribers. Then if the subscriber doesn't agree, honor that and stop sending.

October 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks argues that suppressing/sunsetting data is good for privacy and suggests that deletion might be advisable at some point, as one of the tenets of good privacy management is to get rid of what you don't need or are not using.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that you should decide on a period of inactivity that triggers the sunsetting process, taking into account sending frequency and typical customer behavior. They recommend defining 'inactive' based on opens, clicks, purchases, or website visits.

December 2022 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

ISPs like Google, Yahoo, and Apple recommend managing subscriber lists by removing inactive and disengaged users to maintain a healthy email list and sender reputation. Google suggests confirming subscriptions and unsubscribing non-openers, while Yahoo advises monitoring inactives and bounces. Apple encourages suppressing inactives, removing bounces, and honoring unsubscribes. GDPR.EU emphasizes data minimization, stating organizations should only keep data as long as necessary, aligning with the right to erasure.

Key findings

  • ISPs Advise Removal: Google, Yahoo, and Apple recommend removing inactive subscribers to improve deliverability.
  • Engagement Matters: Lack of engagement (opens, reads) is a key indicator for identifying subscribers to sunset.
  • Data Minimization: GDPR.EU emphasizes data minimization and the right to erasure, supporting the practice of sunsetting.

Key considerations

  • Re-engagement Campaigns: Consider sending confirmation messages before unsubscribing, as suggested by Google.
  • Bounce Monitoring: Monitor and remove hard and soft bounces, as advised by Yahoo and Apple.
  • Unsubscribe Handling: Ensure prompt and efficient processing of unsubscribe requests, as recommended by Apple.
  • Data Retention Policies: Establish clear data retention policies aligned with GDPR, defining how long subscriber data is kept.
Technical article

Documentation from Apple Support encourages bulk email senders to manage the subscribers list so that only engaged subscribers keep receiving emails, suggesting to periodically suppress inactive or disengaged subscribers from the mailing list, remove addresses that bounce consistently, and honor unsubscribe requests as soon as possible.

December 2024 - Apple Support
Technical article

Documentation from Yahoo Postmaster advises that sending email to users who are not reading them, or who report them as spam, will harm your delivery metrics and reputation. It also recommends monitoring hard and soft bounces as well as inactive recipients.

December 2024 - Yahoo Postmaster
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help recommends periodically sending messages to confirm that recipients want to stay subscribed and considering unsubscribing recipients who don’t open or read your messages to maintain a healthy email list.

August 2024 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from GDPR.EU answers that organisations should only keep personal data for as long as is necessary for the purpose it was collected for, and provides information about the individual's rights, including the right to erasure.

February 2023 - GDPR.EU