How does sending email to inactive contacts affect deliverability?

Summary

Sending emails to inactive contacts negatively affects deliverability through decreased engagement, increased spam complaints, and potential blacklisting. Low engagement signals to ISPs that the emails are unwanted, leading to spam folder placement and damaged sender reputation. Contributing factors include hitting dead addresses, triggering spam traps, and causing "email list fatigue". While maintaining list hygiene is important, overly aggressive removal of contacts is not advised. Strategies for mitigating these effects include carefully re-introducing oneself to inactive contacts, sending low volumes over time, segmenting active and inactive users, employing frequency policies that adjust send volume based on engagement, and implementing re-engagement campaigns.

Key findings

  • Reputation Damage: Sending to inactive contacts damages sender reputation, leading to filtering.
  • Decreased Engagement: Low engagement rates (opens, clicks) signal that emails are unwanted.
  • Spam Complaints & Traps: Inactive recipients are more likely to mark emails as spam, triggering spam traps.
  • Blacklisting Risk: High percentages of inactive users increase the risk of blacklisting.
  • Address Validity: ISPs don't immediately treat addresses as dead; aggressive removal can be counterproductive.

Key considerations

  • Controlled Volume: Carefully manage the number of inactive contacts you mail to; consider mixing them with engaged contacts.
  • Segmentation & Re-Engagement: Segment inactive users and implement re-engagement campaigns before removing them.
  • Frequency Policies: Use frequency policies that adjust send volume based on engagement levels.
  • List Hygiene: Maintain list hygiene, but avoid overly aggressive removal of inactive contacts.
  • Re-Introduction: When re-engaging, carefully re-introduce yourself and explain why you are contacting them.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Sending emails to inactive contacts negatively impacts deliverability due to decreased engagement (opens, clicks), increased spam complaints, and potential blacklisting. Low engagement signals to ISPs that the emails are unwanted, leading to spam folder placement and damaged sender reputation. Strategies to mitigate this include mixing small numbers of inactive contacts with engaged ones, using frequency policies to gradually reduce mail touchpoints based on engagement, and segmenting active from inactive users to improve engagement and sender reputation. Re-engagement campaigns are recommended to revive interest before removing inactive subscribers. Monitoring engagement and maintaining list hygiene are crucial for overall deliverability.

Key opinions

  • Engagement Impact: Sending to inactive contacts lowers engagement rates (opens, clicks), signaling to ISPs that emails are unwanted.
  • Spam Complaints: Inactive users are more likely to mark emails as spam, harming sender reputation.
  • Blacklisting Risk: A high percentage of inactive users increases the risk of IP address or domain blacklisting, severely impacting deliverability.
  • Email List Fatigue: Not cleaning up your email list results in email list fatigue, lowering your overall sender score.

Key considerations

  • Mixing Strategies: Consider mixing small numbers of inactive contacts with engaged ones to minimize negative impact on overall metrics.
  • Frequency Policies: Implement frequency policies to gradually reduce mail touchpoints based on engagement levels.
  • Segmentation: Segment active from inactive users to improve engagement and sender reputation.
  • Re-engagement: Use re-engagement campaigns to revive interest before removing inactive subscribers from the list.
  • Monitor Engagement: Actively monitor engagement metrics to identify and address deliverability issues promptly.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list to remove inactive subscribers and maintain good deliverability.
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that regularly cleaning your email list and removing inactive subscribers is crucial for maintaining good deliverability. Sending to disengaged contacts increases bounce rates and spam complaints, which can harm your sender reputation.

April 2022 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor shares to monitor engagement. Sending email to contacts who are not engaged will hurt your deliverability and cause your emails to land in the spam folder.

September 2021 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares they work with frequency policies that will gradually slow down mail touch points if engagement drops and vice versa if they pick up again. It becomes a scale instead of in/out and it magically takes care of people on extended holidays, full inboxes, absence through illness etc.

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign suggests that sending to inactive subscribers without a re-engagement strategy will likely damage your sender reputation. They advise implementing re-engagement campaigns to try and revive interest before removing inactive contacts.

January 2023 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that consistently sending to a large segment of inactive users will definitely hurt your deliverability over time. ISPs see low engagement as a sign you're sending unwanted email.

March 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that it’s important to consider the number of recipients when sending to inactive contacts. They advise mixing in a small number of inactives with the regular, engaged stream to minimize negative impact.

February 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that one of the consequences of not cleaning up your email list (and thus sending to inactive accounts) is "email list fatigue" where the recipients don't engage with your emails any more which lowers your overall score.

March 2023 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forums explains that a high percentage of inactive users can lead to increased spam complaints, potentially resulting in your IP address or domain being blacklisted. Blacklisting severely impacts deliverability.

December 2021 - Email Marketing Forums
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel's blog responds that sending to inactive subscribers can significantly lower your engagement rates (opens, clicks). Low engagement signals to ISPs that your emails are not wanted, leading to placement in the spam folder.

March 2022 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks suggests aiming for <=1% ‘high risk recipient mails’ unscientifically, even if it takes weeks to reach them all.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus answers that if you can segment your active from inactive it will benefit you. One, it means more emails are being sent to people who want them (and are therefore more likely to open, click, and engage) which boosts your sender reputation. And two, it means your messages are less likely to be marked as spam.

November 2023 - Litmus

What the experts say
7Expert opinions

Sending to inactive addresses poses significant deliverability risks. These risks include hitting dead addresses, generating spam complaints, triggering spam traps, and negatively impacting sender reputation due to low engagement. Mailbox providers notice when recipients don't open or click emails, leading to filtering. Aggressively removing addresses after a short period (e.g., one month) may be too extreme, as ISPs don't treat addresses as 'dead' until after months of inactivity. Strategies to mitigate these risks involve carefully re-introducing yourself to inactive recipients, sending low volumes over time, and avoiding overly aggressive list cleaning practices.

Key opinions

  • Reputation Impact: Sending to inactive recipients negatively impacts sender reputation with mailbox providers.
  • Multiple Risks: Mailing inactive addresses carries risks of hitting dead addresses, spam traps, and generating spam complaints.
  • Engagement Signals: Mailbox providers use engagement signals (opens, clicks) to filter emails based on user activity.
  • Address Persistence: ISPs do not immediately treat addresses as dead, requiring months of inactivity before deactivation.

Key considerations

  • Re-introduction: Carefully re-introduce yourself to inactive recipients when attempting to re-engage them.
  • Volume Control: Send low volumes of emails over time when re-engaging inactive addresses.
  • Patience: Avoid overly aggressive list cleaning; wait for a reasonable period of inactivity before removing addresses.
  • Address Validity: Recognize that addresses may remain valid even after extended periods of inactivity.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that one of the issues of not sending to dormant accounts is increased spam complaints, decreased engagement, and increased blocking can be expected.

September 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that the idea of marking inactive addresses came from multiple places: 1) Some people say sending mail to inactive addresses was a way to delivery pain - and it is but it got twisted over time and was never intended to mean things like one month. 2) Out and out spammers who are buying / scraping / using co-reg / machine generating email addresses in such quantities that it makes sense to just drop any address that doesn’t respond in the first week or 10 days or 30 days. 3) People who think “a little list hygiene is good so more must be better!”

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains the concerns with mailing to inactive addresses which are: 1. The address is dead and the person doesn’t use it any more. This is a minor negative hit against you in terms of reputation. 2. The address isn’t dead and the recipient doesn’t want your mail or doesn’t remember you or doesn’t remember signing up, then they report your mail as spam. This is a major negative hit against you in terms of reputation. 3. The address is dead and has been repurposed as a spam trap. This is a major negative hit against you in terms of reputation.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that dead addresses do accumulate over time, but you don’t need to so aggressively remove them - the ISP itself doesn’t treat an address is “dead” until someone has not logged into it for months and months.

June 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests mitigating the risk of recipients reporting you as spam by carefully re-introducing yourself and explaining why you’re contacting them again after so long. Sending low volumes over time can minimize the risk of hitting dead addresses or spam traps.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that the primary reason not to send email to inactive recipients is that it can impact your reputation. If you are sending to people who aren't opening or clicking, the mailbox providers notice, and begin to filter your mail.

August 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks questions why contacts are being marked as inactive after only one month, suggesting it's too aggressive.

November 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Sending emails to inactive contacts negatively affects deliverability due to reduced engagement metrics and increased spam complaints. Documentation from Google, Mailchimp, SendGrid, and SparkPost highlights that low engagement signals can trigger spam filters, damage sender reputation, and decrease the likelihood of future emails reaching the inbox. Engaging only with active subscribers is key to maintaining a high deliverability rate and avoiding penalties from ISPs.

Key findings

  • Reduced Engagement: Sending to inactive users lowers engagement metrics like opens and clicks.
  • Spam Complaints: Inactive subscribers are more likely to mark emails as spam.
  • Sender Reputation: Low engagement and increased spam complaints damage sender reputation.
  • Spam Filtering: Google’s spam filters learn to classify messages as spam when sent to inactive users.

Key considerations

  • Active Subscribers: Focus on engaging only with active and engaged subscribers.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive subscribers.
  • Monitor Engagement: Continuously monitor engagement metrics to assess and improve deliverability.
  • Re-engagement Campaigns: Consider implementing re-engagement campaigns before removing inactive contacts.
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that sending mail to inactive users can negatively impact your sender reputation. If users frequently mark your messages as spam, or don't engage with them, Google’s spam filters learn to classify your messages as spam.

January 2025 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost answers that engagement is a crucial factor for deliverability. Sending emails to a large segment of inactive users will likely drag down your overall engagement metrics, leading ISPs to negatively assess your sending reputation.

February 2024 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from SendGrid emphasizes that engaging only with active and engaged subscribers is key to maintaining a high deliverability rate. Sending to inactive users leads to lower engagement metrics and increased spam complaints, which negatively impact sender reputation.

February 2024 - SendGrid
Technical article

Documentation from Mailchimp shares that emailing inactive subscribers can hurt deliverability. Inactive subscribers are more likely to mark emails as spam, which damages sender reputation and increases the likelihood that future emails will be filtered as spam.

December 2023 - Mailchimp