How long should I keep inactive email addresses on my marketing list?

Summary

Maintaining good email list hygiene is critical for deliverability and sender reputation. The consensus is that you should regularly scrub your list, but the exact timeframe varies. A common strategy involves a re-engagement campaign after 3-6 months of inactivity, with a possible hard cutoff for removal at 24 months. Factors influencing this timeline include email type (newsletter vs. marketing), mailing frequency, industry, engagement metrics (opens/clicks), and whether the email address is free or paid. Ignoring inactive users can lead to deliverability issues, hitting spam traps, and being flagged as spam by providers like Google and Microsoft. Quality over quantity is paramount.

Key findings

  • Re-engagement First: Implement a re-engagement campaign after 3-6 months of inactivity.
  • Purge After Re-engagement: Remove unengaged subscribers after a failed re-engagement campaign.
  • Quality Over Quantity: Prioritize list quality over list size; a smaller, engaged list is better than a large, unengaged one.
  • Google Penalizes: Sending to abandoned addresses on Google can negatively impact deliverability.
  • Microsoft and Yahoo Bounce: Yahoo and Microsoft often bounce inactive emails, reducing the urgency of purging, but not eliminating it.
  • Clean Regularly: Regular list cleaning is essential to prevent deliverability issues.

Key considerations

  • Email Type: Consider the type of email (newsletter vs. marketing) when determining inactivity periods.
  • Mailing Frequency: Adjust the purging timeframe based on how frequently emails are sent (shorter for frequent senders).
  • Engagement Metrics: Monitor engagement metrics (opens, clicks, conversions) to identify inactive subscribers.
  • Address Type: Consider the type of email address (free vs. paid) - paid addresses might remain active longer.
  • Industry Standards: Take into account industry-specific best practices and norms.
  • Delivery Issues: Assess any delivery issues that might indicate broader problems with your list.
  • Spam Traps: Purging helps avoid recycled spam traps.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

The optimal time to remove inactive email addresses from a marketing list depends on various factors, but a common practice is to implement a re-engagement campaign after a period of inactivity (ranging from 3-6 months, or 6-12 months). If subscribers remain unengaged after the re-engagement campaign, purging them from the active list is generally recommended to maintain good sender reputation and improve deliverability. The frequency of emails sent and the type of email (newsletter vs marketing) can influence the ideal timeframe for removing inactive subscribers.

Key opinions

  • Re-engagement: Implement a re-engagement campaign after 3-6 months or 6-12 months of inactivity.
  • Purging: Purge unengaged subscribers after a failed re-engagement campaign.
  • Frequency: Adjust removal timeframe based on email frequency; shorter for frequent emails, longer for infrequent emails.
  • Deliverability: Removing inactive subscribers enhances deliverability and sender reputation.
  • List Quality: List quality is more important than list size.

Key considerations

  • Engagement Metrics: Regularly assess engagement metrics like opens and clicks to determine inactivity.
  • Graymail Segmentation: Consider segmenting inactive subscribers into a graymail list with reduced email frequency before complete removal.
  • Industry Standards: Determine any industry-specific best practices or benchmarks for list cleaning.
  • Email Type: Consider type of email eg. newsletter or marketing.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that the size of the list is not as important as the quality of the list. It recommends removing subscribers who haven't engaged in 6-12 months.

December 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperOffice states that after 6 months of inactivity, you should run a re-engagement campaign.

December 2024 - SuperOffice
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot Blog advises segmenting inactive subscribers (those who haven't engaged in a while) into a graymail list and reducing email frequency to them. If they still don't engage, remove them to improve deliverability and sender reputation.

October 2024 - HubSpot Blog
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks suggests a possible hard cutoff for email list expiration at 24 months, while acknowledging it depends.

September 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit states that you should clean your email lists every 3-6 months to maintain a good sender reputation and improve deliverability.

January 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor suggests you should send re-engagement emails if subscribers are inactive for three to six months.

January 2023 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum suggests the optimal time to remove inactive emails from a marketing list depends on the frequency of the emails being sent. If sending several times a week, emails should be removed after 3 months. If sending monthly, the inactive period can be extended to around 6 months.

September 2023 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit mentions that email engagement rates are crucial, and lists should be purged regularly based on metrics like opens and clicks. They recommend assessing engagement at least quarterly and removing consistently unengaged contacts.

December 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue Blog recommends purging inactive contacts after a re-engagement campaign has failed. They highlight that sending emails to unengaged subscribers negatively impacts deliverability, and maintaining a clean list leads to better results.

April 2023 - Sendinblue Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerLite Blog suggests running a re-engagement campaign for inactive subscribers. This involves sending a series of emails to encourage them to interact, and if they don't, consider removing them from the active list.

March 2023 - MailerLite Blog

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Experts recommend regularly scrubbing email lists to remove inactive addresses to maintain deliverability and avoid spam traps. The timeframe for purging inactive emails varies, ranging from 90 days to 2 years, and depends on factors such as the type of email (newsletter vs. marketing), email address type (free vs. paid), mailing frequency, industry, and potential delivery issues. It's crucial to consider that sending to abandoned addresses, especially on Google, negatively impacts deliverability, while Yahoo and Microsoft bounce inactive emails.

Key opinions

  • Purging Prevents Issues: Purging inactive addresses avoids hitting spam traps and improves deliverability.
  • Timeframe Varies: The timeframe for purging ranges from 90 days to 2 years, dependent on several factors.
  • Older Lists Problematic: Older email lists have more deliverability problems.
  • Google's Impact: Sending to abandoned addresses on Google hurts deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Email Type: Differentiate between newsletters and marketing emails when determining inactivity period.
  • Address Type: Consider whether email addresses are free or paid (e.g., broadband addresses are typically valid longer).
  • Mailing Frequency: Adjust the purging timeframe based on how frequently emails are sent.
  • Industry: Consider industry-specific benchmarks and mailing practices.
  • Bouncing Behavior: Factor in whether email providers bounce inactive emails (Yahoo and Microsoft do).
  • Purchase Cycle: Consider the customer purchase cycle.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise recommends purging inactive email addresses to avoid hitting recycled spam traps. They suggest considering purging addresses that haven't engaged in 12-24 months, depending on the mailing frequency and industry.

September 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that a reasonable timeframe for email list expiration is between 90 days and 2 years, depending on the purchase cycle and delivery issues.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource says that older email lists have more deliverability problems. They recommend scrubbing email lists frequently and reducing the risk from stale and disinterested addresses.

June 2024 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that list expiration depends heavily on the type of email (newsletter vs marketing) and whether the email addresses are free or not. Also mentions that Yahoo and Microsoft bounce inactive emails, reducing the need to purge. Sending to abandoned addresses on Google is detrimental to deliverability.

October 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Email deliverability documentation consistently emphasizes the importance of maintaining clean email lists by removing inactive addresses. Sending emails to invalid recipients, especially those that become spam traps, and consistently sending to unengaged users negatively impacts sender reputation, deliverability rates, and could lead to email blocking. Actively managing bounced emails and suppressing inactive users is also recommended.

Key findings

  • List Hygiene is Key: Maintaining good list hygiene by removing inactive addresses is crucial for protecting sender reputation.
  • Avoid Spam Traps: Sending to invalid email addresses, especially spam traps, severely damages sender reputation.
  • Manage Bounces: Actively managing bounced emails and suppressing inactive users is recommended.
  • Avoid Inactive Users: Google interprets sending to inactive users as spamming behavior.
  • Remove Invalid Recipients: Microsoft may direct emails from senders who send high amounts of email to invalid recipients to spam or block them entirely.

Key considerations

  • Complaint Rates: High complaint rates from users opening but not clicking negatively impact deliverability.
  • Engagement Rates: Low engagement rates negatively impact the ability of future emails to reach inboxes.
  • Be Proactive: Err on the side of caution and remove addresses that haven't engaged in a while.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools recommends actively managing bounced emails and suppressing inactive users. Google can interpret consistently sending to inactive users as spamming behaviour.

March 2022 - Google Postmaster Tools
Technical article

Documentation from MessageBird emphasises that sending to invalid email addresses, especially spam traps, can severely damage your sender reputation. It's better to err on the side of caution and remove addresses that haven't engaged in a while.

June 2023 - MessageBird
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft advises that you should remove invalid recipients from your lists as soon as possible. Microsoft also states that they may start directing emails from senders who send high amounts of email to invalid recipients to spam or block them entirely.

April 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Validity explains that maintaining good list hygiene by removing inactive addresses is vital to protect sender reputation. High complaint rates from users opening but not clicking, spam traps, and low engagement rates all negatively impact the ability of future emails to reach inboxes.

March 2024 - Validity