What are the best practices for migrating ESPs with subdomain and IP warmups?

Summary

Migrating ESPs effectively requires a multifaceted strategy focused on maintaining and building a positive sender reputation. Key practices include gradually warming up new IP addresses and domains, prioritizing proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and segmenting email traffic by using dedicated subdomains. Monitoring deliverability metrics, engaging with ISPs, and actively managing your sender reputation are essential. Moreover, cleaning your email list, testing your email infrastructure, and adhering to SMTP standards contribute to a seamless and successful migration. Prioritize high-quality content to boost engagement and segment transactional and marketing emails. Use tools like Google Postmaster Tools, Microsoft SNDS, and Talos Intelligence to monitor your sending reputation and proactively address potential issues.

Key findings

  • Warmup is Essential: Warming up new IP/domain combinations is universally required, regardless of other factors.
  • Authentication is Key: Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are crucial for proving legitimacy and improving deliverability.
  • Subdomain Segmentation: Using dedicated subdomains for different email types (e.g., transactional vs. marketing) helps isolate deliverability issues.
  • Monitoring is Critical: Actively monitoring deliverability metrics (bounce rates, complaint rates, inbox placement) allows for timely adjustments.
  • Reputation Matters: A positive sender reputation significantly impacts deliverability; proactive management is essential.
  • Engagement Boost: High-quality, engaging content encourages recipient interaction and improves sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Consumer Domains: Domain reputation is increasingly important, especially for consumer email providers.
  • ISP Engagement: Communicating with ISPs can facilitate a smoother transition and improve deliverability.
  • List Hygiene: Cleaning your email list before migrating improves engagement and protects your reputation.
  • Tool Utilization: Leverage tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft SNDS to gain insights into your sending practices.
  • SMTP Compliance: Ensure adherence to SMTP standards to avoid technical deliverability problems.
  • IP vs Domain Reputation: Domain reputation is more important than IP at many consumer domains, particularly after the initial SMTP connection.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Migrating ESPs requires a strategic approach to subdomain and IP warmups to maintain a positive sender reputation and ensure deliverability. Key practices include preserving the 'From' domain, gradually increasing sending volume to engaged subscribers, and segmenting email types using consistent subdomains. Prioritize email authentication setup, infrastructure testing, and continuous monitoring of deliverability metrics. Proactive reputation management, including cleaning email lists and engaging with ISPs, is essential for a smooth transition.

Key opinions

  • Domain Preservation: Preserving the 5321.From domain is more critical than the FQDN during migration.
  • Gradual Warmup: Gradually increase sending volume, starting with highly engaged subscribers.
  • Subdomain Segmentation: Use consistent subdomains to segment email types (e.g., transactional vs. marketing).
  • Authentication Importance: Properly configure email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) before starting the warmup.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Continuously monitor deliverability metrics and sender reputation through tools and feedback loops.
  • List Hygiene: Clean your email list to remove inactive and invalid addresses before starting the warmup.

Key considerations

  • Reputation Impact: A poor sender reputation can significantly impact email deliverability, necessitating proactive management.
  • ISP Engagement: Engaging with ISPs during the migration process can facilitate a smoother transition.
  • Volume Throttling: Whether a single dedicated IP is sufficient depends on reputation and potential throttling.
  • Infrastructure Testing: Thoroughly test email infrastructure and authentication setup to avoid being flagged as spam.
  • Content Quality: High-quality, engaging content is crucial to encourage recipient interaction and improve sender reputation.
  • Feedback Loops: Set up feedback loops with ISPs to monitor spam complaints and address deliverability issues promptly.
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass advises using consistent subdomains for different types of emails (e.g., transactional vs. marketing) to ensure a stable reputation for each. Clearly separate the two to protect your transactional emails.

December 2022 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet recommends using subdomains to segment your email traffic and protect your main domain's reputation. Warming up subdomains separately allows you to isolate any deliverability issues and maintain a consistent sending reputation for important transactional emails.

June 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeeks Forum suggests to start your IP warmup with your most engaged subscribers who are most likely to open and click on your emails. Sending to these recipients will quickly establish a positive sending reputation with ISPs.

June 2023 - EmailGeeks Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Talos Intelligence emphasizes the need to check the reputation of your sending domain and IP address using tools like Talos Intelligence. A poor reputation can significantly impact your deliverability.

March 2023 - Talos Intelligence
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps states that before starting your IP warmup, thoroughly test your email infrastructure to ensure that your authentication records are properly configured and that your emails are not being flagged as spam. Use tools like GlockApps to check your inbox placement rates.

January 2024 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests to gradually increase your sending volume over several weeks, starting with small batches and slowly ramping up as your reputation improves. Avoid sending large volumes of email all at once, as this can trigger spam filters.

December 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus indicates that engaging recipients with high-quality, relevant content is crucial during the warmup phase. Focus on providing value to your subscribers and encourage them to interact with your emails.

August 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerQ suggests setting up feedback loops with major ISPs to receive notifications when subscribers mark your emails as spam. This allows you to quickly identify and address any issues that may be affecting your deliverability.

July 2022 - MailerQ
Marketer view

Email marketer from ZeroBounce explains cleaning your email list before starting your IP and subdomain warmup. Removing inactive or invalid email addresses will improve your engagement rates and protect your sender reputation.

November 2024 - ZeroBounce
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that preserving the exact FQDN isn't as important as preserving the 5321.From domain itself. All of these things are data points with reputation systems and they are all factors in identifying a mail flow and attributing it a reputation, they suggest focusing on a smooth cut-over and updating authentication.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that whether a single dedicated IP is enough depends on the reputation and whether you're getting throttled or not. They suggest starting with 1 and seeing how things go, and then add another if you need to later.

March 2021 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
9Expert opinions

Migrating ESPs involves several critical factors for maintaining deliverability. While IP address reputation is important for initial SMTP transaction, domain reputation increasingly influences delivery, particularly with consumer domains. Proper warmup of new IP/domain combinations is essential, regardless of whether hostnames are customized or maintained. If ESP overlap exists, using a new subdomain is crucial. Avoid hostname conflicts between ESPs. Separating transactional and marketing emails is recommended. Proactive reputation management, including monitoring blacklists and engaging with ISPs, is key to a smooth migration.

Key opinions

  • IP vs. Domain Reputation: Domain reputation is becoming increasingly important, especially for consumer domains.
  • Warmup Necessity: Warming up new IP/domain combinations is always required during ESP migration.
  • Subdomain for Overlap: Use a new subdomain if there is any overlap between ESPs during the migration.
  • Hostname Conflicts: Avoid hostname conflicts between the old and new ESP configurations.
  • Email Separation: Separating transactional and marketing email streams is a recommended best practice.
  • Proactive Management: Proactive reputation management is key, including monitoring blacklists and setting up feedback loops.

Key considerations

  • Consumer Domains: Pay special attention to domain reputation for consumer email providers.
  • Hostname Customization: Customizing hostnames is acceptable, but doesn't negate the need for warmup.
  • ISP Engagement: Engaging with ISPs during the migration process can improve deliverability outcomes.
  • Reverse DNS/HELO: Ensure reverse DNS and HELO are syntactically valid and don't appear suspicious.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that if you’re doing ANY overlap in ESPs at all, then you’re going to want to set up a new subdomain.

November 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that proactive reputation management is crucial during ESP migration, including monitoring blacklists, setting up feedback loops, and addressing any deliverability issues promptly to minimize disruptions and maintain a positive sending reputation.

February 2025 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the reverse DNS of the IP address and the hostname the client uses in the HELO don't matter much at all, as long as they're syntactically valid and don't look like consumer malware infested cable modems.

September 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that you can customize the hostnames to match your brand but you're going to have to do a warmup process.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks confirms that splitting marketing messages from transactional seems like a safe thing to do still, and that it’s the standard recommendation.

January 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise recommends engaging with ISPs during the migration and warmup process. This involves communicating your plans, addressing any concerns they may have, and building a collaborative relationship to ensure smooth deliverability.

June 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that what you really _don't_ want to do is have your mailgun setup steal sendgrid hostnames.

August 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that at a lot of consumer domains IP doesn’t win. IP gets you in through the SMTP transaction and then is basically irrelevant for delivery (ie, if the mail was accepted, the IP has a base reputation)

January 2025 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains you’ll have to warm up the new IP / domain combination whether you stay or change.

December 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
6Technical articles

Migrating ESPs successfully relies heavily on adhering to established email deliverability best practices. Warming up IP addresses gradually is essential to building a positive sender reputation. Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial to proving legitimacy. Continuous monitoring of deliverability metrics like bounce rates and complaint rates allows for timely adjustments to the warmup strategy. Utilizing tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft SNDS provides insights into how mailbox providers view your sending practices. Adherence to SMTP standards is fundamental for ensuring proper email transmission and avoiding spam flags.

Key findings

  • Gradual IP Warmup: Gradually increasing sending volume from new IP addresses establishes a positive sender reputation.
  • Email Authentication: Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are crucial for proving legitimacy.
  • Deliverability Monitoring: Actively monitor bounce rates, complaint rates, and inbox placement to identify issues.
  • Google Postmaster Tools: Leverage Google Postmaster Tools to understand Google's perspective on your sending practices.
  • Microsoft SNDS: Use Microsoft SNDS to monitor IP reputation and identify issues specific to Microsoft's email services.
  • SMTP Compliance: Adherence to SMTP standards is essential for proper email transmission and avoiding spam filters.

Key considerations

  • Reputation Building: Prioritize building a positive sender reputation from the outset.
  • Proactive Issue Identification: Regularly monitor deliverability metrics to proactively identify and address issues.
  • Tool Utilization: Take full advantage of the tools provided by mailbox providers (Google, Microsoft) to gain insights into your sending practices.
  • Standard Adherence: Ensure strict compliance with SMTP standards to avoid technical deliverability problems.
Technical article

Documentation from Amazon Web Services explains that warming up IP addresses involves gradually increasing the volume of email sent from new IP addresses to establish a positive sending reputation with ISPs. This helps avoid being flagged as spam and ensures better deliverability.

November 2021 - Amazon Web Services
Technical article

Documentation from Google Postmaster Tools explains the need to leverage Google Postmaster Tools to monitor your domain's reputation and identify any potential deliverability problems. This tool provides valuable insights into how Google views your sending practices.

August 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Sendgrid emphasizes the importance of setting up proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) before starting your IP and domain warmup. This helps prove that you are a legitimate sender and improves your chances of reaching the inbox.

May 2022 - Sendgrid
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor (RFC 5321) explains that adhering to SMTP standards for email transmission is critical for deliverability. Ensuring proper formatting and protocol compliance can help avoid being flagged as spam.

January 2022 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft SNDS explains the need to use Microsoft's Smart Network Data Services (SNDS) to monitor your IP address's reputation and identify any potential issues with Microsoft's email services. This tool provides valuable insights into how Microsoft views your sending practices.

July 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost recommends actively monitoring your deliverability metrics, such as bounce rates, complaint rates, and inbox placement rates. This will help you identify any issues early on and make necessary adjustments to your warmup strategy.

July 2024 - SparkPost