What are the best practices for handling throttling from new IPs and recipient domains?

Summary

Effectively managing email throttling from new IPs and recipient domains requires a holistic approach encompassing technical setup, sender reputation management, content optimization, and continuous monitoring. Key strategies include implementing a gradual IP warm-up process, respecting recipient domain connection limits (especially those like orange.fr and wanadoo.fr), optimizing messages per connection, using the MTA's built-in throttling, and actively monitoring sender reputation. Encouraging subscriber engagement, segmenting email lists, using authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), avoiding spam triggers, regularly cleaning email lists, and understanding SMTP error codes are also crucial. Additionally, a robust bounce management system, handling greylisting, participating in feedback loops, and adhering to SMTP rate limits contribute significantly to avoiding throttling and ensuring deliverability.

Key findings

  • IP Warm-up: Gradually increasing email volume from new IPs is crucial; reduce volume if encountering 'too many messages' errors.
  • Connection Limits: Adhere to recipient domain connection limits; orange.fr and wanadoo.fr combined allow only 3 simultaneous connections.
  • Messages per Connection: Senders prefer fewer connections with more messages; 500 messages per connection is a good balance.
  • Sending Volume: Aim for 100,000 messages per hour per IP; 1 million per day is a normal expectation.
  • MX vs Domain: Connection limits are often per MX record, not per domain.
  • MTA Throttling: Leverage the MTA's built-in throttling for up-to-date rules.
  • Sender Reputation: Monitor sender reputation metrics (bounce rates, complaints); implement feedback loops.
  • Engagement: Encourage subscriber engagement through personalized content.
  • Segmentation: Segment lists based on engagement to target active subscribers.
  • Spam Triggers: Avoid spam triggers in content/subject lines.
  • List Cleaning: Regularly clean email lists.
  • Email Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.
  • Rate Limits: Adhere to SMTP rate limits.
  • Bounce Management: Implement a robust bounce management system.
  • Greylisting: Configure servers to retry emails deferred due to greylisting.
  • SMTP Error Codes: Check error codes.
  • Ramp up slowly: Increase Volume slowly and steadily.
  • Monitoring: Monitor Sender Reputation via tools.

Key considerations

  • Pace Yourself: Warm-up your IPs slowly. Don't try to rush the process.
  • Plan the connections: Think about connections to MX records not just domains.
  • Get the right MTA: Make sure the MTA you choose has up-to-date features.
  • Hygiene is key: Implement regular cleanup tasks to maintain deliverability.
  • Act fast: Make sure the data is analyzed pro-actively

What email marketers say
13Marketer opinions

Successfully handling throttling from new IPs and recipient domains involves a multi-faceted approach encompassing technical configurations, reputation management, and content optimization. Key strategies include gradually warming up new IPs, adhering to connection limits imposed by recipient domains, monitoring sender reputation metrics, engaging subscribers with personalized and valuable content, and maintaining clean email lists. Furthermore, avoiding spam triggers, segmenting lists, using email authentication protocols, and actively managing bounce and complaint rates are essential for preventing throttling and ensuring optimal email deliverability.

Key opinions

  • IP Warm-up: Gradually increasing the volume of email sent from new IPs is essential for building a positive reputation.
  • Connection Limits: Recipient domains enforce connection limits; adhering to these limits prevents throttling. Orange.fr and Wanadoo.fr, when combined, only allow a maximum of 3 connections.
  • Messages Per Connection: Receivers prefer fewer connections with more messages per connection, with 500 messages being a suggested balance.
  • Sending Volume: A realistic hourly sending target is 100,000 messages per IP for most senders.
  • Sender Reputation Monitoring: Monitoring sender reputation metrics (bounce rates, complaints) is critical to address deliverability issues proactively.
  • Subscriber Engagement: Encouraging subscriber engagement through personalized content improves sender reputation and reduces throttling.
  • List Segmentation: Segmenting email lists based on engagement allows targeted emails to active subscribers, improving deliverability.
  • Content Relevance: Delivering valuable and relevant content boosts engagement and signals positive intent to recipient domains.
  • Spam Triggers: Avoiding spam triggers in content and subject lines prevents emails from being flagged and throttled.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists to remove inactive addresses enhances deliverability.
  • Ramp up Slowly: Increasing sending volume needs to be gradual. Doubling volume weekly is suggested, not daily or even rapidly.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Monitor Sender Reputation via Google Postmaster Tools to asses the status of deliverability and any issues needing adressed.

Key considerations

  • Balance: Finding the right balance between sending volume and connection limits is crucial for optimal deliverability.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Implementing continuous monitoring of sender reputation and engagement metrics enables timely issue identification and resolution.
  • Content Quality: Prioritizing content quality and relevance is essential for maintaining subscriber engagement and positive reputation.
  • Cleanliness: Maintaining clean and engaged email lists helps minimize bounce rates and improves overall deliverability.
  • Throttling is domain specific: Different domains have different ways of throttling traffic, so it's essential to treat them all differently
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks advises that 100,000 messages per hour per IP is a more realistic target than 1,000,000 which is only achievable by the highest reputation senders.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that it is important to monitor sender reputation metrics, such as bounce rates and spam complaints, to identify and address any issues that could lead to throttling. Implementing feedback loops and promptly removing unsubscribed recipients can help maintain a positive reputation.

May 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid shares that segmenting email lists based on subscriber engagement and sending targeted emails to active subscribers can improve deliverability and reduce the risk of throttling. This approach ensures that emails are sent to recipients who are more likely to engage with the content.

June 2022 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass states that as you increase volume, do it slowly and steadily. Increasing your sending volume by 50-100% in a day or week is likely to raise alarms. It is suggested to double your daily send amount weekly, not daily.

November 2021 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot explains that regularly cleaning email lists to remove inactive or invalid email addresses can improve deliverability and reduce the risk of throttling. Sending emails to engaged subscribers ensures that deliverability rates remain high.

March 2023 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains focusing on delivering valuable and relevant content to subscribers can improve engagement and reduce the likelihood of throttling. High-quality content encourages recipients to open and interact with emails, signaling positive intent to recipient domains.

November 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Woodpecker shares that you should monitor your sender reputation. Use tools like Google Postmaster Tools or Sender Score to assess your reputation. Address any issues that arise promptly to maintain good standing with email providers.

July 2022 - Woodpecker
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum explains that closely monitoring bounce rates and complaint rates provides insights into deliverability issues. High bounce and complaint rates can trigger throttling, so it's essential to address them promptly to maintain a good sender reputation.

August 2021 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks states that orange.fr has a limit of 3 simultaneous connections.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor shares avoiding spam triggers in email content and subject lines can help prevent emails from being flagged as spam and throttled by recipient domains. This includes refraining from using excessive punctuation, all caps, and misleading language.

May 2024 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that receivers prefer to have more messages per connection than having a lot of connect/disconnect, and suggests 500 messages as a good balance.

December 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit responds that encouraging subscriber engagement through personalized content and interactive elements can improve sender reputation and reduce the likelihood of throttling. High engagement rates signal to recipient domains that the email is valuable and desired by recipients.

June 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks states that orange.fr AND wanadoo.fr, the two combined have a max of 3 connections.

January 2024 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
8Expert opinions

Effectively managing email throttling from new IPs and recipient domains involves a combination of technical understanding, adaptive strategies, and proactive monitoring. Key best practices include properly warming up new IPs at a sustainable pace, understanding that connection limits are generally per MX record, leveraging MTA's built-in throttling rules, and closely monitoring SMTP error codes to identify throttling issues. Additionally, implementing robust bounce management, addressing greylisting, and participating in feedback loops (FBLs) are crucial for maintaining a clean sending reputation and preventing throttling.

Key opinions

  • IP Warm-up Pace: If experiencing 'too many messages from new IP' errors, the warm-up process is likely too fast; reduce sending volume.
  • Connection Limiting: Connection limiting is usually based on the number of connections to an MX record, not per receiving domain.
  • MTA Throttling: Using the built-in throttling mechanisms of your MTA is generally more effective than manual throttling.
  • Daily Volume Expectation: A normal expectation is 1 million emails per IP per day.
  • SMTP Error Codes: Understanding SMTP error codes (4xx) is essential for diagnosing throttling issues.
  • Bounce Management: Implementing robust bounce management is crucial for maintaining a clean sending reputation.
  • Greylisting: Greylisting can appear as throttling; configure servers to retry deferred emails.
  • Feedback Loops: Participating in FBLs allows identification and removal of abusive recipients, improving sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Warm-up is critical: Prioritize a slow and steady warm-up process to avoid triggering throttling mechanisms.
  • Mx record vs domain: Understanding the difference between MX record and domain-based throttling is important for proper configuration.
  • Automate where possible: Leverage the features of your MTA to automate throttling processes.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Monitor SMTP error codes and actively manage bounces and spam complaints to maintain a positive sending reputation.
  • Use data: Use the data from SMTP error codes and feedback loops to make decisions about sending volumes, and user un-subscriptions.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends backing off to the level where sending was successful for 2-3 days and states that if getting ‘too many messages from new IP’ it means the warmup is too fast.

October 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains connection limiting is usually based on how many times a particular IP has opened any connection to their MX machines, so it’s per MX not per receiving domain.

March 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains greylisting, a technique used by recipient domains to temporarily defer emails from unknown senders, can appear as throttling. They suggest configuring email servers to retry sending deferred emails and implementing proper IP warm-up procedures to establish a positive reputation.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states a normal expectation is 1 million per IP per day.

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise responds that participating in feedback loops (FBLs) provided by major ISPs allows senders to receive reports about spam complaints, enabling them to identify and remove abusive recipients from their lists. FBLs help maintain a clean sending reputation and reduce the risk of throttling.

September 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource explains that understanding SMTP error codes (4xx errors) is essential for identifying throttling issues. They recommend monitoring these errors to identify patterns and adjust sending practices to avoid exceeding recipient domain limits.

July 2021 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource advises implementing a robust bounce management system to handle temporary and permanent failures effectively. Processing bounces and removing invalid addresses helps maintain a clean sending reputation and reduces the likelihood of throttling.

July 2021 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains the best thing to do, particularly if using momentum, is to let the MTA handle throttling as the built in ruleset is more up to date and accurate than manual throttling.

June 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Managing email throttling effectively involves several technical and procedural best practices. Gradually warming up new IPs, limiting concurrent connections using connection pooling, implementing email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), adhering to SMTP rate limits, and actively monitoring sending activity (bounce rates, complaints) are crucial steps to establish a positive sending reputation and prevent throttling by recipient domains.

Key findings

  • IP Warm-up: Gradually increase email volume from new IPs over weeks to build a positive reputation.
  • Connection Pooling: Limit concurrent connections and reuse existing connections to avoid overwhelming recipient domains.
  • Email Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to verify sender identity and prevent spoofing, boosting deliverability.
  • SMTP Rate Limits: Understand and adhere to SMTP rate limits to avoid overwhelming recipient servers.
  • Activity Monitoring: Monitor sending activity, including bounce rates and complaints, using ESP dashboards and reports.

Key considerations

  • Gradual Approach: Prioritize a gradual and controlled increase in sending volume during IP warm-up.
  • Technical Implementation: Correctly implement connection pooling and email authentication protocols.
  • Compliance: Adhere to SMTP rate limits specified by recipient domains.
  • Proactive analysis: Establish proactive monitoring of sending activity to quickly address any issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft answers implementing email authentication protocols such as SPF, DKIM, and DMARC can help verify the sender's identity and prevent email spoofing, which can lead to throttling. These protocols provide assurance to recipient domains that the email is legitimate and not spam.

September 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost responds that limiting the number of concurrent connections to recipient domains can help prevent throttling. They suggest implementing connection pooling and reusing connections to reduce the overhead of establishing new connections for each email.

October 2024 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that understanding and adhering to SMTP rate limits imposed by recipient domains is crucial for avoiding throttling. Respecting these limits ensures that email traffic is distributed evenly and does not overwhelm recipient servers, preventing throttling.

March 2025 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that gradually increasing the volume of email sent from a new IP address, known as IP warm-up, is crucial to establishing a positive reputation with recipient domains and avoiding throttling. Start with small volumes and gradually increase it over weeks.

October 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from AWS says to monitor your sending activity. Most email service providers (ESPs) offer dashboards and reports that allow you to monitor your sending activity. Keep an eye on your bounce rate, complaint rate, and other metrics.

October 2021 - Amazon Web Services