What are ISP practices for identifying and handling suspicious email?

Summary

ISPs employ a multi-layered approach to identify and handle suspicious email, focusing on sender reputation, email authentication, user feedback, content analysis, and list hygiene. They monitor sender reputation using metrics like bounce rates, complaints, and engagement. Email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, and DMARC) are crucial for verifying sender identity and preventing spoofing. User feedback, including complaint feedback loops (FBLs), helps ISPs identify and address spam. Content analysis involves scanning for spam-like keywords, phrases, and formatting. Spam traps are used to identify senders with poor list hygiene. Monitoring sending volume and frequency, especially from new IPs, is also common. Senders are advised to maintain clean email lists, implement proper authentication, monitor their reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools, and avoid spam triggers in their email content. Testing deliverability via seed lists is also recommended.

Key findings

  • Sender Reputation is Key: ISPs heavily rely on sender reputation, based on factors like bounce rates, spam complaints, and engagement, to filter spam.
  • Authentication Matters: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential for verifying sender identity and improving deliverability.
  • Spam Traps Detect Poor Hygiene: ISPs use spam traps to identify senders with poor list hygiene practices; hitting them can result in blacklisting.
  • User Feedback is Important: ISPs use feedback loops (FBLs) to allow recipients to report spam, enabling senders to remove complainers.
  • Content Analysis Detects Spam: ISPs analyze email content for spam-like keywords, phrases, and formatting.
  • Volume Monitoring Protects Reputation: ISPs monitor sending volume, especially from new IPs, to prevent spam attacks.
  • ISPs may share garbage IPs: Some ISPs may share lists of IPs known to send garbage mail.

Key considerations

  • Prioritize List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses and avoid spam traps.
  • Implement Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your emails and improve sender reputation.
  • Monitor Your Reputation: Actively monitor your sender reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools to identify and address issues.
  • Engage Your Audience: Focus on sending engaging content that encourages recipients to interact with your emails.
  • Participate in Feedback Loops: Participate in feedback loops (FBLs) to identify and remove complainers from your lists.
  • Optimize Your Content: Avoid spam triggers in your email content, such as excessive promotional language or poor formatting.
  • Warm-up New IPs Gradually: Gradually increase sending volume when using new IPs to establish a positive reputation.
  • Utilize Seed Lists: Leverage seed lists to proactively test deliverability and identify potential blocking issues

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

ISPs employ a multi-faceted approach to identify and handle suspicious email, focusing on sender reputation, content analysis, and recipient feedback. They monitor factors like bounce rates, spam complaints, and engagement metrics to assess sender trustworthiness. Techniques such as spam traps, feedback loops, and email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are used to detect and filter unwanted messages. Senders can improve deliverability by practicing good list hygiene, gradually increasing sending volume, and avoiding spam triggers in their email content.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: ISPs heavily rely on sender reputation, built from factors like bounce rates, complaints, and engagement, to filter spam.
  • Spam Traps: ISPs use honeypots or spam traps to identify senders with poor list hygiene practices; hitting these can lead to blacklisting.
  • Feedback Loops: Feedback loops (FBLs) allow recipients to report spam, enabling senders to remove complainers and improve deliverability.
  • Email Authentication: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for verifying sender identity and avoiding spam filters.
  • Content Analysis: ISPs analyze email content for spam-like keywords, phrases, and formatting (e.g., excessive capitalization, exclamation points).
  • Volume Monitoring: ISPs monitor sending volume and frequency, especially from new IPs; sudden spikes can trigger spam filters.

Key considerations

  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses and avoid spam traps.
  • Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your emails and improve sender reputation.
  • Engagement: Focus on sending engaging content that encourages recipients to interact with your emails, signaling positive behavior to ISPs.
  • Feedback Loops: Participate in feedback loops (FBLs) to identify and remove complainers from your lists.
  • Content Optimization: Avoid spam triggers in your email content, such as excessive promotional language or poor formatting.
  • Warm-up IPs: Gradually increase sending volume when using new IPs to establish a positive reputation.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that some ISPs provide IPs that they have high confidence are garbage mail, and blocking them is acceptable. He also suggests adding a header to suspect messages to inform Mailbox Providers (MBPs) that the messages are spam.

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that ISPs use sophisticated spam filters that analyze various aspects of an email, including the sender's IP address, domain reputation, email content, and user engagement. They recommend senders to test their emails before sending, use a reputable email service provider (ESP), and monitor their deliverability metrics to identify and address any issues.

May 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow mentions that ISPs rely heavily on sender reputation to filter spam. This reputation is built over time based on factors such as bounce rates, complaints, and engagement. A poor sender reputation can lead to emails being blocked or sent to the spam folder.

April 2022 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost answers that ISPs monitor sending volume and frequency from new IPs. A sudden large spike in sending volume can trigger spam filters. They advise new senders to gradually increase their sending volume over time to establish a positive sending reputation.

April 2024 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from Hubspot explains that ISPs analyze email content for spam-like keywords and phrases. They recommend avoiding excessive use of promotional language, ALL CAPS, and exclamation points to prevent emails from being flagged as spam.

November 2023 - Hubspot
Marketer view

Email marketer from emailmarketing.org forum explains that ISPs use feedback loops (FBLs) to allow recipients to report spam. Senders who participate in FBLs receive notifications when their emails are marked as spam, allowing them to remove those recipients from their lists and improve their deliverability.

June 2023 - emailmarketing.org
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid shares that ISPs monitor sender reputation based on factors like bounce rates, spam complaints, and engagement metrics. They advise senders to segment their lists, personalize their emails, and actively manage unsubscribes to maintain a positive reputation and improve deliverability.

October 2023 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora explains that proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for avoiding spam filters. ISPs use these protocols to verify the sender's identity and ensure that the email is not spoofed or forged.

January 2023 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp explains that spam filters are triggered by various factors, including high complaint rates, blacklisted IPs, and suspicious content. They recommend senders to use double opt-in, authenticate their emails, and regularly clean their email lists to avoid being flagged as spam.

May 2022 - Mailchimp
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that some ISPs use honeypots (spam traps) to identify spammers. Sending emails to these addresses indicates that the sender is not practicing proper list hygiene and can result in being blacklisted.

August 2022 - Reddit

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

ISPs employ various methods to identify and handle suspicious email, with a strong emphasis on sender reputation, recipient feedback, and list hygiene. They utilize spam traps to catch senders with poor list management practices. Reputation scoring systems are used to assess the trustworthiness of sending IPs and domains, influencing email acceptance or filtering. Monitoring Complaint Feedback Loops is crucial for understanding recipient reactions and mitigating deliverability problems. Seed lists provide a mechanism for proactively testing deliverability across different mailbox providers.

Key opinions

  • Spam Traps: ISPs and blocklist providers use spam traps to identify senders with poor list hygiene, resulting in deliverability penalties.
  • Reputation Scoring: ISPs assign reputation scores based on volume, complaints, and engagement to determine email acceptance or filtering.
  • Feedback Loops: Participating in Complaint Feedback Loops (FBLs) is vital for understanding recipient reactions and removing complainers.
  • Seed Lists: Seed lists allow for deliverability testing across different mailbox providers to identify potential blocking issues.

Key considerations

  • List Hygiene: Maintain clean email lists to avoid hitting spam traps and negatively impacting sender reputation.
  • Monitor Reputation: Actively monitor sender reputation to identify and address issues affecting deliverability.
  • Implement FBLs: Participate in and monitor Complaint Feedback Loops to promptly remove complainers and improve deliverability.
  • Test Deliverability: Use seed lists to proactively test deliverability and identify potential blocking issues before widespread sending.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that ISPs and blocklist providers use spam traps (pristine and recycled) to identify senders with poor list hygiene practices. Hitting a spam trap indicates that the sender is either harvesting email addresses or not properly managing their list and can result in severe deliverability penalties.

April 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that seed lists can be used to test deliverability rates across different mailbox providers. By sending test emails to seed addresses, senders can identify potential blocking issues before widespread sending.

January 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that ISPs assign reputation scores to sending IPs and domains based on various factors, including volume, complaints, and engagement. These scores are then used to determine whether to accept, reject, or filter emails. Good reputation leads to better deliverability, while a poor reputation can result in emails being blocked.

December 2021 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that participation in Complaint Feedback Loops (FBLs) is vital for understanding how recipients are reacting to your mailings. Monitoring FBLs allows senders to promptly remove complainers from their lists, mitigating the risk of broader deliverability issues.

November 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

ISPs like Google and Microsoft employ a combination of user reports, spam traps, authentication failures (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), content filtering, sender reputation analysis, and machine learning to identify and block suspicious emails. RFC documents outline mechanisms for reporting unsolicited bulk email. DMARC.org emphasizes the importance of DMARC to identify and block fraudulent emails. Senders are advised to authenticate their emails, maintain clean sending lists, and monitor their reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.

Key findings

  • User Reports & Spam Traps: ISPs utilize user reports and spam traps as key signals for identifying suspicious emails.
  • Authentication Protocols: Authentication protocols like SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are crucial for verifying sender identity and preventing spoofing.
  • Content Filtering & Reputation: ISPs combine content filtering, sender reputation analysis, and machine learning to identify and block suspicious emails.
  • UBE Reporting Mechanisms: RFC outlines mechanisms for reporting unsolicited bulk email to relevant administrators.
  • DMARC for Fraud Prevention: DMARC helps ISPs identify and block fraudulent emails by ensuring proper authentication and providing reporting mechanisms.

Key considerations

  • Implement Authentication: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to verify sender identity and prevent spoofing.
  • Monitor Reputation: Actively monitor sender reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools to identify and address any issues.
  • Maintain Clean Lists: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses and avoid spam traps.
  • Follow Best Practices: Adhere to email sending best practices to avoid being flagged as spam by ISPs.
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that Google uses various signals to identify suspicious emails, including user reports, spam traps, and authentication failures (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). They advise senders to monitor their reputation through Google Postmaster Tools and address any issues promptly to avoid being flagged as suspicious.

October 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that their spam filters use a combination of technologies, including content filtering, sender reputation, and machine learning, to identify and block suspicious emails. They also provide guidance on best practices for senders to avoid being flagged as spam, such as authenticating emails and maintaining a clean sending list.

February 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC outlines mechanisms for reporting unsolicited bulk email (UBE), including spam, to the administrators responsible for the originating network. It suggests that ISPs use these reports to identify and take action against spammers.

August 2022 - ietf.org
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance) is an email authentication protocol that allows senders to indicate that their emails are protected by SPF and DKIM, and instructs receiving mail servers on how to handle emails that fail authentication. This helps ISPs identify and block fraudulent emails.

December 2024 - DMARC.org