Is using different host name subdomains pointing to IPs a potential flag for email deliverability?

Summary

Using different hostname subdomains pointing to IPs for email sending is generally acceptable and can offer benefits like improved segmentation and sender reputation management. However, proper configuration is paramount. This includes DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), PTR records, and DMARC alignment. Subdomains do not inherit the reputation of the parent domain and require independent warm-up and monitoring. A clear strategic reason for using subdomains is crucial, and potential misunderstandings surrounding their implementation should be addressed. The IP address reputation can also affect subdomain deliverability. Multiple domains on a single IP are acceptable due to the existence of shared IP pools.

Key findings

  • Acceptable Practice: Using different host name subdomains is acceptable when properly configured.
  • Segmentation and Reputation: Subdomains help segment traffic (e.g., transactional vs. marketing) and manage sender reputation.
  • No Reputation Inheritance: Subdomains do not inherit the parent domain's reputation and require separate warm-up.
  • DNS and Authentication: Properly configuring SPF, DKIM, DMARC, and PTR records is essential for authentication.
  • DMARC Alignment: DMARC alignment is crucial; settings may need adjustment.
  • IP Reputation Impact: The IP address reputation influences subdomain deliverability.
  • Strategic Justification: A clear and justifiable reason for subdomain usage is necessary.

Key considerations

  • Warm-up and Monitoring: Warm up new subdomains and monitor their deliverability metrics independently.
  • DNS Configuration: Ensure correct DNS delegation and record configuration for each subdomain.
  • Strategic Planning: Develop a clear strategy for subdomain use, avoiding misunderstandings.
  • IP Reputation Management: Monitor and maintain the IP address's sending reputation.
  • DMARC Compliance: Comply with DMARC alignment requirements.
  • Purpose: There needs to be a clear objective for creating the subdomains to begin with.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Using different host name subdomains pointing to IPs can be a valid strategy for email marketing, allowing for segmentation of email traffic and better management of sender reputation. However, it is crucial to properly configure the subdomain, including DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and to warm up the subdomain's IP address to build a positive reputation, as subdomains do not inherit the reputation of the parent domain. Monitoring subdomain deliverability metrics separately is also essential.

Key opinions

  • Segmentation: Subdomains enable segmentation of email traffic (e.g., transactional vs. marketing), improving organization.
  • Reputation Isolation: Subdomains help protect the main domain's reputation by isolating different types of email traffic.
  • No Inheritance: Subdomains do not automatically inherit the reputation of the parent domain; each subdomain requires separate warm-up and reputation building.
  • Independent Monitoring: Subdomain deliverability metrics should be monitored separately from the parent domain.
  • Proper Configuration: Proper DNS record configuration (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential for subdomain deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Warm-up Required: New subdomains require a warm-up period to establish a positive sending reputation.
  • DNS Configuration: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are correctly configured for each subdomain.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Monitor subdomain deliverability metrics (e.g., bounce rates, spam complaints) independently.
  • Potential Deliverability Issues: Improper subdomain setup can lead to deliverability problems and emails being marked as spam.
  • Strategic Rationale: Have a well articulated strategic reason for implementing subdomains in email sending.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that using multiple domains on a single IP is acceptable because shared IP pools exist.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit advises that using a new subdomain requires a separate warm-up process to build its reputation, even if the main domain has a good reputation. Without proper warm-up, deliverability can be negatively affected. You also have to configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.

February 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost explains that subdomains do not automatically inherit the reputation of the parent domain. Each subdomain is treated as a separate entity by mailbox providers and requires its own warm-up and reputation building.

March 2023 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares the value of subdomains in the context of email delivery and deliverability is that it allows a separation of traffic for specific types of emails, like marketing emails or transactional emails. This separation provides a clearer scope for sender reputation and reporting.

May 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that subdomains allow you to separate your email traffic (transactional, marketing) and better manage your sender reputation. Properly configured, subdomains should not negatively impact deliverability. They also recommend monitoring subdomain reputation separately.

December 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel shares that using subdomains for email marketing can help segment your audience and protect your main domain's reputation. However, it is important to properly configure the subdomain's DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to avoid deliverability issues.

June 2021 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps shares that a new subdomain will have no sending reputation. If your main domain has a good reputation, using a subdomain will not inherit the parent's good name, so you need to warm up the subdomain.

April 2023 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange suggests that if subdomains are correctly configured with proper DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and a good sending reputation is established, deliverability should not be negatively impacted. However, a misconfigured subdomain is likely to hurt deliverability.

May 2024 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse explains that improper setup can lead to deliverability issues. They recommend warming up the subdomain IP address to build a positive reputation, properly configure SPF, DKIM and DMARC and monitor deliverability.

September 2022 - SendPulse
Marketer view

Email marketer from ReturnPath emphasizes the need to monitor subdomain deliverability metrics separately. Because subdomains do not inherit domain reputation, they must be viewed as their own identity.

August 2022 - ReturnPath

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Using different host name subdomains requires a well-defined strategy and careful consideration. While it can be a good way to protect the primary domain's reputation, particularly when separating transactional and marketing emails, IP address reputation can affect the sending subdomains. Ensuring correct DNS delegation and proper configuration is also crucial for optimal deliverability. Relaxing DMARC alignment requirements may also be necessary when using multiple subdomains in the From header.

Key opinions

  • Reputation Protection: Subdomains can protect the primary domain's reputation by segregating email types.
  • Strategic Importance: Having a clear and justifiable reason for using subdomains is critical.
  • IP Reputation Influence: The reputation of the IP address can affect sending subdomains' deliverability.
  • DNS Delegation: Correct DNS delegation and configuration are essential for deliverability.
  • DMARC Alignment: DMARC alignment requirements may need adjustment when employing multiple subdomains.

Key considerations

  • Reason for Use: Clearly define the purpose and benefits of using subdomains.
  • IP Reputation: Monitor and maintain the reputation of the sending IP address.
  • DNS Configuration: Verify and properly configure DNS records, including delegation.
  • DMARC Settings: Assess and potentially adjust DMARC alignment settings based on subdomain usage.
  • Misunderstandings: Ensure any reasons are not born out of misunderstanding of any ESP or someone elses advice.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests ensuring DMARC alignment requirements are relaxed when using multiple subdomains in the From header. It is acceptable but you need a good reason to do it.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises having a clear, well-articulated reason for using subdomains in the From: header and re-evaluating the decision if the reason is unclear or based on misunderstandings.

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from SpamResource explains that using subdomains is a good way to protect your primary domains reputation. This is specifically important if your primary domain sends transactional email and your subdomains send marketing email.

April 2023 - SpamResource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains delegation of subdomains, the importance of the correct DNS delegation, and how to add records to the correct server. This helps improve deliverability.

February 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise answers questions about IP and Domain Reputation, explaining IP address reputation can affect sending subdomains.

October 2023 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Using different host name subdomains for email can be acceptable for organizational purposes, provided that DNS records are properly configured. SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are essential for subdomains to ensure proper authentication and prevent deliverability issues. DMARC alignment is critical, and a missing or incorrect PTR record can negatively impact deliverability.

Key findings

  • Organizational Use: Subdomains can be used for organizational purposes in email sending.
  • DNS Configuration: Proper DNS configuration is paramount for subdomain deliverability.
  • Authentication Standards: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are crucial for authenticating subdomains.
  • DMARC Alignment: DMARC alignment between the From: header and DKIM/SPF is vital.
  • PTR Records: Valid PTR records are necessary for mail servers' IP addresses.

Key considerations

  • DNS Setup: Carefully configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records for each subdomain.
  • DMARC Compliance: Ensure DMARC alignment to avoid deliverability problems.
  • PTR Record Verification: Verify that all IP addresses have valid PTR records pointing back to the sending domain.
  • Potential Issues: Incorrect subdomain setup can lead to emails being marked as junk or spam.
  • RFC Compliance: Adhere to RFC standards for email routing and address interpretation.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft warns that incorrect subdomain setup can lead to deliverability issues and emails being marked as junk. It highlights the importance of configuring SPF records to authorize sending from the subdomain.

July 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from IETF explains the importance of PTR records for mail servers. All IP addresses used to send mail should have a valid PTR record which resolves back to the sending domain. A missing or incorrect PTR record may negatively affect deliverability.

May 2023 - IETF
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that DMARC alignment is crucial for deliverability when using subdomains. If the subdomain in the From: header doesn't align with the DKIM signature or SPF domain, DMARC can fail and negatively impact deliverability.

January 2022 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that using subdomains for email requires setting up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records. Failure to properly configure these records can lead to deliverability problems, including emails being marked as spam.

January 2024 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that the local-part of the address (before the @) is interpreted only by the host specified in the domain part and subdomains can be used for organizational purposes without directly affecting mail routing as long as DNS records are properly configured.

September 2024 - RFC Editor