How to set up DMARC reports and what are the best practices?

Summary

Setting up DMARC reports involves publishing a DMARC record (TXT record) in your DNS zone, including the `rua` tag with a valid email address to receive aggregated reports from mailbox providers, typically on a daily basis. If self-managing (DIY), the `rua=mailto` domain might need to match your domain unless a referral record is configured. It's generally not practical to manually parse XML reports; instead, use free tools or DMARC monitoring services, starting with a monitoring-only policy (`p=none`). Analyzing reports (aggregate and forensic) regularly helps identify authentication issues, spoofing attempts, and traffic patterns. Choose a reporting frequency based on your email volume. While free tools are a good starting point, paid services offer more comprehensive data aggregation and actionable insights. Utilizing subdomains for reporting can also help with filtering. Remember that if wild carding is being used for the referral records, that this can weaken the security.

Key findings

  • `rua=mailto`: When DIYing, the `rua=mailto` domain might need to match unless a referral record is configured.
  • Report Parsing: Manually parsing XML reports is impractical; utilize free tools or DMARC monitoring services.
  • Implementation: Begin with a monitoring-only policy (`p=none`) before enforcing stricter policies.
  • Report Frequency: Choose report frequency based on email volume; higher volume may warrant more frequent reports.
  • Report Analysis: Regularly analyze aggregate and forensic reports to identify authentication issues and attacks.
  • Forensic Reports: DMARC Forensic reports provide detailed information about individual email messages that failed DMARC authentication and can help identify specific phishing or spoofing attacks.

Key considerations

  • DIY vs Service: Decide between DIY DMARC setup or using a service based on expertise and resources.
  • Tool Choice: Select free or paid tools based on needs for data aggregation and actionability.
  • Report Types: Understand the difference between aggregate and forensic reports and how to interpret them.
  • Reporting Subdomains: Consider using subdomains for reporting for improved filtering.
  • Reporting Cadence: Regularly reviewing DMARC reports ensures timely detection of any issues and allows for adjustments to be made to your email authentication strategy.
  • Referral Security: If wild carding is being used for the referral records, that this can weaken the security

What email marketers say
13Marketer opinions

Setting up DMARC reports involves specifying email addresses for receiving aggregate reports via the `rua` tag in your DMARC record. Analyzing these reports helps identify authentication issues, spoofing attempts, and email traffic trends. Best practices include starting with a monitoring-only policy, using DMARC monitoring tools to simplify analysis, and regularly reviewing reports for timely issue detection. Consider the practicalities of manually reading XML files and exploring free tools, but weigh their limitations against the benefits of paid services for comprehensive data aggregation and actionable insights. Using subdomains for reporting can aid filtering.

Key opinions

  • Report Destination: The `rua=mailto` destination does not need to be the domain you are DMARC-ing, but a referral record may be needed.
  • XML Parsing: Manually reading XML reports is impractical; utilize free tools or DMARC monitoring services for simplified analysis.
  • Implementation Strategy: Begin with a monitoring-only DMARC policy (`p=none`) to assess email authentication status before stricter enforcement.
  • Report Content: DMARC aggregate reports provide a high-level overview of email traffic, authentication results (SPF and DKIM) and forensic reports offer detailed information about individual failed messages.
  • Reporting Cadence: Regularly review DMARC reports to promptly identify issues and adjust email authentication strategies.

Key considerations

  • Tool Selection: Evaluate free vs. paid DMARC reporting tools based on your needs for data aggregation and actionable insights; free tools are a great starting point but may lack comprehensive overviews.
  • Report Interpretation: Interpreting DMARC reports involves understanding the XML format and analyzing authentication results to differentiate legitimate and fraudulent email sources.
  • Subdomain Usage: Consider using subdomains for DMARC reporting to simplify filtering and separate reporting from the main production domain.
  • Alerting: If there is an authentication failure or policy change the tool should alert you of a potential issue and ensure any hack-jobs done to collect results, are still operating. If there's a manual process involved, automate it or there will be a single point of failure.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora shares free DMARC reporting tools are great to get started, but don't offer the complete overview you need to monitor and take action on the results effectively. They recommend that medium to large businesses opt for a paid service that parses the reports and aggregates the data in a more easily readable format.

January 2025 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from Red Sift shares that interpreting DMARC reports involves understanding the XML format and analyzing the authentication results (SPF and DKIM) to identify legitimate and fraudulent email sources.

May 2021 - Red Sift
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks answers 'No', but refers to Section 7.1 in RFC7489 and mentions the need for a referral record.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark shares that using DMARC monitoring tools can simplify the process of analyzing DMARC reports and provide actionable insights. These tools often offer user-friendly dashboards and visualizations.

September 2022 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks provides helpful references to DMARC FAQs on dmarc.org.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailToolTester shares that regularly reviewing DMARC reports ensures timely detection of any issues and allows for adjustments to be made to your email authentication strategy.

December 2023 - EmailToolTester
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange explains that DMARC forensic reports (also known as failure reports) provide detailed information about individual email messages that failed DMARC authentication. These reports can help identify specific phishing or spoofing attacks.

November 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks answers 'No' to the question if the rua=mailto has to match the domain you are DMARC-ing.

August 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC explains that a best practice for DMARC implementation is to start with a monitoring-only policy (`p=none`) to gather data and assess your email authentication status before enforcing stricter policies.

September 2021 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks suggests that it's simply not practical to manually read tons of XML files, and to use something free that tells you simply and clearly what is happening, and to avoid anything presenting a line graph as useful.

February 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost suggests using subdomains for reporting for easier filtering. This separates the DMARC record and reporting from your main production/marketing domain.

April 2023 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that there's no real reason to manually get XMLs for DMARC reports unless you're building your own in house parser, and there are many free tools available.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that DMARC aggregate reports provide a high-level overview of email traffic, including the number of messages that passed or failed DMARC authentication. These reports are essential for identifying trends and potential issues.

December 2022 - Reddit

What the experts say
10Expert opinions

Setting up DMARC reports and establishing best practices involves several key considerations. If self-managing DMARC, ensure the `rua=mailto` domain matches your own or configure a referral record. Capturing DMARC emails for future reference is less valuable than real-time report generation and analysis to promptly identify issues. Wildcarding referral records simplifies setup but weakens protection against mailbombing. Regularly monitor DMARC reports to detect spoofing attempts and authentication failures. Utilizing free, hosted analyzers like Postmark offers the lowest effort with some benefit. Consider the reporting interval based on email volume, and for larger volumes, a DMARC reporting service is recommended to manage report complexity and interpret data effectively.

Key opinions

  • Referral Records: When DIYing DMARC, the `rua=mailto` domain must match unless a referral record is configured. Wildcarding simplifies but reduces security.
  • Report Analysis: Real-time report analysis is more valuable than archiving DMARC emails. Prompt identification of issues is crucial.
  • Reporting Frequency: Reporting frequency should align with email volume; higher volume warrants more frequent reports.
  • Analyzer Recommendation: Free, hosted DMARC analyzers like Postmark provide an efficient starting point for analysis.
  • Managed Services: DMARC reporting services simplify analysis and interpretation due to the complexity of aggregate reports.

Key considerations

  • DIY vs. Service Provider: Determine whether to DIY DMARC setup or use a service provider based on technical expertise and resource availability.
  • Security Trade-offs: Evaluate security trade-offs when wildcarding referral records, as it reduces protection against mailbombing.
  • Real-time Analysis: Prioritize real-time analysis over archiving DMARC emails for effective issue detection and response.
  • Resource Allocation: Consider the time and effort required to analyze DMARC reports; free tools offer a low-effort solution, but larger organizations should consider a paid service.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests that if you don’t have reporting in place, and you see a problem, the time spent macgyvering some hack to analyze the old reports will mean it’s no longer useful.

May 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends Postmark as a good free hosted analyzer, as well as marketer Faisal Misle

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that the point of having the record is to make it hard for weirdos to mailbomb you by proxy, and wildcarding it skips that.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks says capturing DMARC emails for future reference is probably not that useful; Generating reports in real-ish time and reading them, so you can see in a timely manner that something has changed is useful.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that while daily reports are most common, consider your needs. If you're dealing with high volumes of email, more frequent reporting might be beneficial. If volume is low, weekly reports could suffice.

September 2023 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks recommends that shoving DMARC reports into some free, hosted analyzer is the lowest effort action that has some benefit.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that you can wildcard that referral record so you only have to set it once for the destination domain, making it easy to use the same destination domain for all of your domains.

April 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource answers by saying that monitoring DMARC reports regularly is crucial. It helps you identify potential spoofing attempts, authentication issues, and ensures that your email is being delivered as intended.

February 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that if you're DIYing, then yes the rua=mailto has to match the domain, unless you configure a referral record. DMARC service providers handle this automatically.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise suggests using a DMARC reporting service due to the large volume of aggregate reports, the challenges of interpreting them, and to simplify the process of figuring out what is happening with authentication.

August 2023 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Setting up DMARC reports involves publishing a DMARC record as a TXT record in your DNS zone, including the `rua` tag with a valid email address to receive aggregate reports. These reports, aggregated by organizations like mailbox providers and typically sent daily, provide insights into email traffic, authentication results, potential spoofing attempts, and the mail flow and volume of sending sources. Regularly monitoring these reports is crucial for identifying authentication issues and making informed decisions about your DMARC policy.

Key findings

  • Report Aggregation: DMARC reports are aggregated by receiving organizations (e.g., mailbox providers).
  • Report Delivery: Reports are periodically sent (usually daily) to addresses in the `rua` tag.
  • DNS Record: Setting up DMARC reporting requires a TXT record in DNS with the `rua` tag.
  • Monitoring Importance: Regularly monitor reports for authentication issues and spoofing attempts.
  • Insight Gained: Analyzing reports provides insight into mail flow, volume, and overall email traffic.

Key considerations

  • Valid Email Address: Ensure the `rua` tag contains a valid email address for report reception.
  • Report Analysis Strategy: Develop a strategy for analyzing aggregate reports to understand email traffic and inform DMARC policy decisions.
  • Access Control: Reports enable insights into mail volume and flow, so proper access must be granted.
Technical article

Documentation from Cloudflare explains that to enable DMARC reporting, you must publish a TXT record in your DNS zone with the correct syntax. This record specifies the DMARC policy and the email addresses to which aggregate and forensic reports should be sent.

November 2023 - Cloudflare
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that to set up DMARC reporting, you need to publish a DMARC record in your DNS records that includes the `rua` tag with a valid email address to receive aggregate reports.

May 2022 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from URIports answers that they've found you can get a good level of detail about the mail flow and volume of all your sending sources from parsing your DMARC reports, so that you can allow the right amount of access.

July 2024 - URIports documentation
Technical article

Documentation from dmarc.org explains that DMARC reports are aggregated by organizations that receive them (e.g., mailbox providers) and are sent periodically (usually daily) to the email addresses specified in the DMARC record’s `rua` tag.

April 2021 - dmarc.org
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn explains to monitor DMARC reports regularly to identify any authentication issues and potential spoofing attempts. Analyze aggregate reports to understand your email traffic and make informed decisions about your DMARC policy.

April 2021 - Microsoft Learn