How should I roll out DMARC enforcement while considering forwarded emails and DKIM issues?

Summary

Rolling out DMARC enforcement effectively involves a phased approach that prioritizes proper DKIM and SPF setup before implementing more stringent DMARC policies. It's crucial to start with a 'p=none' policy to gather data, identify legitimate sending sources, and address any DKIM or SPF configuration issues. Understanding that forwarding breaks SPF/DKIM alignment, consider implementing ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) or SPF flattening to mitigate these issues. Monitor DMARC reports regularly to address configuration errors and ensure compliance, and gradually move to 'p=quarantine' and then 'p=reject' based on insights from the reports. Special attention should be given to DKIM signing for Google Workspace and third-party senders and utilizing tools like MXToolbox to check for record errors.

Key findings

  • Phased Rollout: A phased implementation, starting with 'p=none', is crucial for data gathering and issue identification.
  • DKIM/SPF Priority: Correct SPF and DKIM configurations are foundational before enforcing DMARC.
  • Forwarding Impact: Forwarding breaks SPF/DKIM alignment, requiring strategies like ARC to mitigate DMARC failures.
  • Reporting Importance: Regular DMARC report monitoring is essential for identifying errors and making informed policy changes.
  • Third-Party Compliance: Ensuring third-party senders are properly authenticated is vital for DMARC enforcement.

Key considerations

  • Initial Monitoring: Begin with 'p=none' to understand your email ecosystem and identify legitimate sending sources.
  • DKIM Implementation: Carefully set up DKIM records, including key generation and DNS configuration, for all sending domains.
  • Forwarding Strategies: Implement ARC or SPF flattening to manage forwarding-related DMARC failures effectively.
  • Google Workspace: Ensure proper DKIM settings for Google Workspace, including custom signing domains, to prevent DMARC failures.
  • Enforcement Gradualism: Move from 'p=none' to 'p=quarantine' and then 'p=reject' gradually, based on insights from DMARC reports.
  • Third-Party Vetting: Verify that third-party senders are compliant with DMARC, with correct DKIM/SPF settings.
  • Regular Auditing: Periodically review and adjust your DMARC policies based on ongoing monitoring and email ecosystem changes.

What email marketers say
15Marketer opinions

Rolling out DMARC enforcement requires a phased approach, starting with a monitoring policy (p=none) to gather data and identify legitimate email sources. Prioritize resolving DKIM issues by ensuring proper DKIM signing, particularly for Google Workspace and third-party senders. Implement ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) to mitigate forwarding-related DMARC failures. Use DMARC reporting tools to identify and correct configuration errors before gradually enforcing stricter policies (quarantine then reject).

Key opinions

  • Phased Implementation: Begin with a monitoring policy (p=none) to collect data before enforcing stricter policies.
  • DKIM Importance: Proper DKIM setup is crucial, especially for Google Workspace and third-party senders, to ensure email authentication.
  • Forwarding Impact: Forwarding often breaks SPF and DKIM alignment, leading to DMARC failures; ARC can help mitigate this.
  • DMARC Reporting: Using DMARC reporting tools helps identify configuration errors and unauthorized email sources.

Key considerations

  • DKIM Configuration: Verify DKIM signing for all email sources, ensuring correct record setup and key usage.
  • Forwarding Mitigation: Implement ARC or SPF flattening to handle forwarding scenarios effectively.
  • Policy Transition: Gradually transition DMARC policies from 'p=none' to 'p=quarantine' and then 'p=reject', monitoring reports at each stage.
  • Third-Party Senders: Ensure third-party senders comply with DMARC by including them in your SPF record or having them sign with DKIM.
  • Error Checking: Use tools like MXToolbox to check for DMARC record errors before enforcement.
  • Google Workspace Setup: Ensure custom DKIM signatures are properly set up for Google Workspace to avoid DMARC failures with Google Calendar invites.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Proofpoint advises that when dealing with DMARC enforcement, you must properly authenticate third-party senders, i.e., include them in your SPF record or have them sign with DKIM using your domain. They suggest working closely with these vendors to ensure they comply with DMARC requirements.

May 2024 - Proofpoint
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks suggests that Google Calendar invites should not cause DMARC issues if Google Workspace DKIM is correctly implemented. SPF alignment may break because Google overwrites the Return-Path.

October 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks recommends focusing on resolving DKIM issues first, as they significantly contribute to DMARC failures. He also advises starting with a Quarantine policy instead of immediately enforcing Reject, monitoring reports for 1-2 weeks.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that enabling DMARC with an enforcing policy may break forwarding, preventing messages from reaching the inbox. DMARC is designed to fail if a message is automatically forwarded (breaking SPF alignment) and modified (breaking DKIM alignment), a risk that must be accepted when deploying DMARC.

January 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from SparkPost emphasizes ensuring proper DKIM signing for all email sources, including third-party senders, before enforcing DMARC. This includes verifying that DKIM records are correctly set up and that emails are properly signed with the correct domain.

October 2021 - SparkPost
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks says that seeing gappssmtp.com indicates the absence of a customized DKIM signature, which is the core issue.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailGeeks forum user recommends carefully setting up DKIM records. You should generate a DKIM key, add the public key to your DNS records, and ensure that your email sending server is configured to sign outgoing emails with the corresponding private key. This ensures that your emails are authenticated and pass DMARC checks.

September 2022 - EmailGeeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that unknown sources in DMARC reports are often legitimate forwarding, where a recipient domain automatically forwards emails, breaking SPF and possibly DKIM alignment. The forwarding destination then generates the DMARC report.

December 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Valimail explains the DMARC policy stages, starting with 'p=none' for monitoring without impact, then 'p=quarantine' to direct failing messages to the spam folder, and finally 'p=reject' to instruct receivers to block non-compliant emails, stressing the importance of iterative adjustments based on monitoring.

October 2024 - Valimail
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks mentions the DMARC failures are related to not using a custom DKIM signing domain.

May 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid explains that to mitigate forwarding issues, consider using a Sender Policy Framework (SPF) flattening service or implement the Authenticated Received Chain (ARC). SPF flattening reduces the number of DNS lookups, while ARC helps preserve authentication information across multiple forwarding hops.

October 2021 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC explains that to handle forwarding issues, one should consider implementing ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) to preserve authentication results across forwarding hops, and also recommends educating users about the impact of forwarding on DMARC.

November 2024 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests a phased approach to DMARC implementation, recommending starting with a 'p=none' policy to monitor email traffic, then moving to 'p=quarantine' to filter failing emails, and finally 'p=reject' once confident in the configuration. Addresses DKIM issues before DMARC is fully enforced. Also advises setting up aggregate reports to monitor for unauthorized use of your domain.

June 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares a guide for implementing DMARC that recommends starting with a 'p=none' policy to gather data through DMARC reports, then progressing to 'p=quarantine' to send failing emails to spam, and finally to 'p=reject' to block unauthorized emails, emphasizing careful monitoring at each stage.

March 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from MXToolbox recommends using their DMARC record lookup tool to check for any errors in your DMARC record. This tool can help identify syntax errors, incorrect tags, or missing information that can cause DMARC to fail. Correcting these errors is essential before enforcing DMARC.

November 2021 - MXToolbox

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Implementing DMARC should start with ensuring proper SPF and DKIM records are in place. Forwarding can cause DMARC failures due to SPF and DKIM mismatches. A staged deployment is recommended, beginning with a monitoring policy ('p=none') to assess impact and identify legitimate sending sources. Implementing ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) can help build trust and manage brand visibility.

Key opinions

  • Forwarding Issues: Forwarding can cause DMARC failures due to SPF and DKIM record mismatches.
  • Importance of SPF/DKIM: Proper SPF and DKIM setup is crucial before implementing DMARC.
  • Staged Deployment: A staged deployment of DMARC is recommended, starting with a monitoring policy.

Key considerations

  • ARC Implementation: Consider implementing ARC to help build trust and manage brand visibility, addressing forwarding issues.
  • Monitoring Policy: Begin with 'p=none' to gather data and identify legitimate sending sources.
  • SPF/DKIM Validation: Ensure SPF and DKIM records are correctly configured before enabling DMARC.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains the importance of proper SPF and DKIM setup prior to implementing a DMARC policy and suggests deploying DMARC in stages, starting with a monitoring policy (p=none) to assess the impact and identify legitimate sending sources before moving to quarantine or reject policies.

January 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that DMARC failures occur with forwarding because the original SPF and DKIM records don't match. She suggests implementing ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) and BIMI to build trust and manage brand visibility. Also, start with 'p=none' to gather data before enforcing stricter policies.

October 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Rolling out DMARC enforcement involves setting up SPF and DKIM records, monitoring DMARC reports to identify legitimate email sources, and gradually increasing the DMARC policy from 'p=none' to 'p=quarantine' and then to 'p=reject'. To handle forwarding, use the Authentication-Results header and ARC (Authenticated Received Chain), which allows receiving servers to validate the authentication status of forwarded messages. Proper DKIM configuration is crucial, which includes generating DKIM keys, adding CNAME records to DNS settings, and enabling DKIM signing.

Key findings

  • Progressive DMARC Policy: A gradual increase in DMARC policy, from 'p=none' to 'p=reject', minimizes disruptions.
  • Forwarding Handling: Authentication-Results header and ARC help receiving servers validate forwarded messages.
  • DKIM Configuration: Correctly configuring DKIM, including generating keys and adding CNAME records, is essential.
  • Interoperability: DMARC is designed to work with SPF and DKIM to authenticate email, providing mechanisms for handling authentication failures.

Key considerations

  • SPF and DKIM Setup: Start by ensuring SPF and DKIM are correctly configured before enabling DMARC.
  • DMARC Report Monitoring: Regularly monitor DMARC reports to identify and address any authentication issues.
  • ARC Implementation: Consider implementing ARC to improve the handling of forwarded emails.
  • DNS Configuration: Pay close attention to DNS configuration, ensuring all necessary records are correctly set up.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains how to configure DKIM for your custom domain in Microsoft 365. This involves generating DKIM keys, adding CNAME records to your DNS settings, and enabling DKIM signing for your domain. Proper DKIM implementation ensures that your emails are authenticated and pass DMARC checks.

December 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org suggests using the Authentication-Results header and ARC (Authenticated Received Chain) to handle forwarded emails. These mechanisms allow receiving servers to validate the authentication status of forwarded messages, mitigating DMARC failures due to forwarding.

November 2023 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that to roll out DMARC enforcement, start by setting up SPF and DKIM, monitor DMARC reports to identify legitimate email sources, and gradually increase the DMARC policy from 'p=none' to 'p=quarantine' and finally to 'p=reject' to minimize disruptions.

May 2022 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that DMARC is designed to work in conjunction with SPF and DKIM to authenticate email and provides mechanisms for handling authentication failures, including those caused by forwarding. The document also specifies how receivers should handle DMARC policies.

November 2023 - RFC Editor