How should email marketers handle Gmail addresses with overquota inboxes?

Summary

Email marketers and documentation sources offer varied strategies for handling Gmail addresses with overquota inboxes, balancing deliverability and engagement. The primary recommendation involves bounce management: treat initial 'mailbox full' bounces as soft bounces, but implement suppression after a defined period (3-4 weeks, 3-5 bounces), acknowledging a segment may still engage later. Alternative tactics include segmenting full mailboxes for targeted re-engagement, creating 'can't miss' content, or adjusting soft bounce tolerance. Ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is paramount. Opinions are divided, some lean towards immediate suppression to protect sender reputation, while others favor limited reactivation efforts.

Key findings

  • Bounce as Indicator: A 'mailbox full' bounce signifies a reached storage limit, signaling potential inactivity.
  • Soft Bounce -> Hard Bounce: Initial treatment is soft bounce, conversion to hard bounce follows persistence.
  • Suppression Key: Suppression after a defined period safeguards sender reputation and deliverability.
  • Engagement Possibility: A percentage of users open emails within 12 months even after mailbox full errors.
  • Segmentation Option: Segmenting full mailboxes supports re-engagement experimentation.

Key considerations

  • Suppression Timeline: Determine optimal timeframe for suppression to balance hygiene and engagement.
  • Content Value: Evaluate the resource investment for highly valuable content creation.
  • Authentication Importance: Proper authentication is crucial for maintaining trust with Gmail.
  • Soft Bounce Parameters: Adjust ESP soft bounce tolerances based on sending frequency.
  • Reputation Impact: Continuously monitoring bounce volumes is crucial for the reputation.

What email marketers say
15Marketer opinions

Email marketers handle Gmail addresses with overquota inboxes through various strategies, primarily revolving around bounce management and maintaining sender reputation. These strategies include immediate suppression after a few bounces, implementing bounce management systems, segmenting and treating these addresses as inactive, and using soft bounce tolerances. Reactivation campaigns are sometimes recommended, but monitoring sender reputation and the potential for damaging it due to continued sending is a significant consideration. Recommendations include suppressing after 3-5 bounces across distinct days, waiting 3-4 weeks without a successful delivery, but also being wary that up to a third of these mailboxes may be opened within 12 months.

Key opinions

  • Immediate Suppression: Some marketers opt-out addresses after a few consecutive bounces, viewing them as unmonitored.
  • Bounce Management Systems: Implementing automated systems can streamline the suppression of persistently full mailboxes.
  • Segmentation: Creating segments for 'over quota' addresses allows for targeted re-engagement attempts or experimentation with timing.
  • Soft Bounce Tolerance: Adjusting the soft bounce tolerance in ESP settings can influence how quickly addresses are suppressed.
  • Reactivation potential: Research show that as much as 30% of mailboxes are opened again so suppression may not be ideal.

Key considerations

  • Sender Reputation: Continuing to send to full mailboxes can negatively impact sender reputation and deliverability.
  • Authentication: Ensure proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to maintain trust with Gmail.
  • Re-engagement: Weigh the benefits of re-engagement campaigns against the risk of continued bounces.
  • Suppression Timing: Determine an appropriate timeframe for suppression to balance list hygiene with potential lost contacts. Also taking into account any research on when mailboxes become active again.
  • Soft vs Hard Bounce: Determine whether mailbox full errors are soft bounces and ensure correct suppression is enabled based on that categorization.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares research finding that around 1/3 of all Mailbox Full bounces opened another email within 12 months.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailtrap Blog shares that a bounce management strategy is essential, particularly for 'mailbox full' errors. They suggest a grace period followed by suppression to avoid damaging sender reputation. Also to send a retry or resend after 24 hours to a full mailbox.

March 2024 - Mailtrap Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit suggests that if a Gmail address is consistently over quota, it's likely abandoned. Continuing to send might hurt your sender reputation, so suppression is recommended after a few attempts.

November 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares definitions of deferrals, soft bounces/blocks, and hard bounces from SendGrid, arguing automatic suppression is only appropriate for mailboxes that don't exist.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Quora recommends checking sending reputation, they explain that if Gmail is bouncing emails due to quota issues, it might be a sign your domain isn't trusted. Ensure proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is configured.

July 2021 - Quora
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange shares that they've seen success with a tiered approach: try sending a few more times over a week, then suppress if the 'mailbox full' persists. They also suggest a reactivation campaign months later.

November 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks mentions that Gmail mailboxes have a lot of space, so full ones are usually inactive. They suppress after 4 soft bounces, allowing clients to reactivate twice, though it's usually unnecessary.

December 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Tips Blog mentions that it's a good idea to create a separate segment for people that return quota errors, you can then experiment with the timing to see if they come back.

September 2024 - Email Marketing Tips Blog
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks suggests considering soft bounce tolerance set by ESP, since soft bounce tolerances range wildly and can be changed and mentions how setting an optimal soft bounce tolerance for one’s sending frequency is important.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks recommends reactivating bounces within 30-60-90 days rather than constantly sending for 4 weeks, prioritizing reputation.

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Deliverability Blog advises segmenting out Gmail addresses that consistently bounce with 'over quota' errors and treating them as inactive. Re-engagement campaigns could be an option before permanent suppression.

October 2022 - Email Deliverability Blog
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks generally advises suppressing if bounces continue without a successful delivery for 3-4 weeks, as almost 20% of those bounces open within a month, making it a reasonable compromise.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum recommends implementing a bounce management system that automatically suppresses addresses with persistent 'mailbox full' errors to maintain a clean email list and avoid deliverability issues.

July 2021 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that they opt out Gmail addresses after 3-5 consecutive bounces on distinct days, as these are often unmonitored mailboxes.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus Community explains that you can set up a suppression list to ignore all quota errors, but that you run the risk of permanently removing people, it's best to wait a month before removing.

May 2024 - Litmus Community

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Experts offer contrasting views on handling full Gmail inboxes. One suggests that a full inbox indicates abandonment, warranting invalidation. Conversely, another proposes that users may retain emails with the intent of future reference, recommending the creation of highly valuable, 'can't miss' content to incentivize space-clearing and engagement.

Key opinions

  • Abandonment Indication: A full Gmail inbox can signify an abandoned or inactive account.
  • Value-Driven Engagement: High-value content may incentivize users to clear space in their inbox to receive the email.

Key considerations

  • Action Strategy: Decide whether to suppress addresses deemed abandoned or attempt re-engagement with targeted content.
  • Content Investment: Assess the resources required to create 'can't miss' content and its potential return.
  • Inbox behavior: Decide whether a full mailbox means the user is not active or they may delete old emails to make room.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise indicates that when people have full inboxes they are probably not deleting because they feel they may need the email at some point in time. Therefore, Laura Belgray recommends sending something of high value that would encourage them to delete another email to make space for yours. This needs to be a "can't miss" email.

January 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests that a full Gmail inbox is probably abandoned and multiple bounces over time would be a good reason to invalidate it.

February 2023 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Technical documentation generally agrees that a 'mailbox full' bounce indicates the recipient's inbox has reached its limit. While initially treated as soft bounces, persistent occurrences suggest inactivity and warrant eventual suppression. Monitoring bounce notifications and setting up automated removal processes are key to maintaining list hygiene.

Key findings

  • Mailbox Full = Limit Reached: A 'mailbox full' bounce confirms the recipient's inbox is at capacity.
  • Soft Bounce Initial Treatment: These bounces are typically considered temporary failures initially.
  • Persistent Bounces = Inactivity: Repeated 'mailbox full' errors strongly indicate the address is inactive or abandoned.
  • Eventual Suppression: Inactive addresses should eventually be suppressed to maintain list quality.
  • SMTP 552 Code: The SMTP error code 552 signals that the mailbox's storage allocation has been exceeded.

Key considerations

  • Monitoring Bounce Notifications: Actively monitor bounce notifications to identify persistent 'mailbox full' errors.
  • Automated Removal Processes: Implement automated systems to remove consistently bouncing addresses from sending lists.
  • Soft to Hard Bounce Conversion: Define a specific threshold (attempts/timeframe) for converting soft bounces to hard bounces for suppression.
  • Handling: These bounces should have a certain set of soft bounce attempts before converting to hard bounces.
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that a 'mailbox full' bounce indicates the recipient's inbox has reached its storage limit and cannot accept new messages. Persistent bounces suggest the address is inactive or abandoned.

October 2023 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost notes that 'mailbox full' errors are classified as soft bounces, but repeated occurrences indicate a more permanent issue and should be handled accordingly with the goal of suppression.

August 2024 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from Mailjet explains that mailbox full bounces should be treated as soft bounces initially, but after a certain number of attempts or a specific time frame, they should be converted to hard bounces for suppression.

November 2021 - Mailjet
Technical article

Documentation from AWS provides guidance on handling bounces in SES, explaining how to set up bounce notifications and automatically remove bouncing addresses from your sending list. They recommend treating 'mailbox full' as a temporary failure initially, but monitoring for persistence.

October 2024 - AWS
Technical article

Documentation from RFC states that SMTP error code 552 indicates that the mailbox has exceeded its storage allocation. Receiving this error repeatedly means the mailbox is not accepting emails.

January 2025 - RFC