How effective are RBLs and blocklists for preventing spam in 2022?

Summary

The effectiveness of RBLs and blocklists in preventing spam in 2022 is multifaceted. While sources like Spamhaus highlight their effectiveness in identifying and blocking spam sources, there's a consensus that RBLs are not a perfect solution and are becoming less effective over time due to spammers adapting and evading them. They are now considered part of a multi-layered approach, where advanced techniques like machine learning and behavioral analysis are increasingly essential. Key concerns include the potential for false positives, the varying accuracy of different RBLs, and the difficulty in obtaining detailed information about why a sender is blocked. Maintaining a good sender reputation, authenticated emails, high-quality content, and clean email lists are crucial to avoid blocklisting. Monitoring RBL presence, using multiple RBLs in combination with other filtering techniques, and proactively preventing listings are also recommended.

Key findings

  • Declining Effectiveness: RBLs are becoming less effective due to spammers adapting and evading them.
  • Multi-layered Approach: RBLs are now part of a broader, multi-layered spam filtering system including AI and other advanced techniques.
  • False Positives: RBLs can be inaccurate, leading to false positives and blocking legitimate email.
  • RBL Accuracy Varies: The accuracy and quality of different RBLs can vary significantly.
  • Limited Information: RBLs often lack detailed information about why a sender is blocked.
  • Useful for Identification: RBLs remain useful for identifying known spam sources.

Key considerations

  • Sender Reputation: Maintain a good sender reputation to avoid being blocklisted.
  • Email Quality: Focus on email authentication and high-quality content.
  • Clean Lists: Maintain clean and updated email lists.
  • Monitoring: Regularly monitor your IP/domain reputation and RBL presence.
  • Multi-RBL Usage: Use multiple RBLs in combination with other filtering techniques for improved accuracy.
  • Proactive Prevention: Take proactive steps to prevent being listed on RBLs.
  • Listing criteria: Evaluate blocklist professionalism based on listing criteria

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

RBLs and blocklists play a role in preventing spam, but they have limitations. They are useful for identifying known spam sources and bulk spam, serving as indicators of IP/domain reputation. However, RBLs are not perfect; they can be inaccurate, leading to false positives and blocking legitimate email. Spammers are also adapting to evade them. Combining multiple RBLs with other filtering techniques, monitoring your RBL presence, proactively preventing listings, and regularly checking your IP address are recommended. High quality RBL's are crucial to be effective.

Key opinions

  • Usefulness: RBLs help in identifying known spam sources and bulk spam.
  • Limitations: RBLs are not always accurate and can result in false positives.
  • Evasion: Spammers are adapting to evade RBLs, reducing their effectiveness over time.
  • Information Scarcity: They often lack detailed information about why a sender is blocked.

Key considerations

  • Multiple RBLs: Use multiple RBLs in combination with other filtering techniques for better results.
  • Monitoring: Monitor your IP/domain reputation and RBL presence regularly.
  • Proactive Prevention: Take proactive steps to prevent being listed on RBLs.
  • Accuracy Variation: RBL accuracy varies; monitor across multiple RBLs to address false positives.
  • High Quality RBL's: Ensure you use high quality RBL's, due to the overwhelming amount of blocklists available
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that RBLs are a good indicator of your IP/domain reputation, so monitor your RBL presence and delist as quickly as possible if listed. Also, proactively working to prevent future listings is key.

June 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange highlights that RBL accuracy can vary significantly. Some RBLs are more aggressive than others, leading to false positives. Regularly monitoring your IP address across multiple RBLs is crucial.

July 2021 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from MXToolbox explains that RBLs are effective for bulk spam detection, they may have limitations in detecting sophisticated, targeted attacks or rapidly changing spam tactics.

November 2021 - MXToolbox
Marketer view

Email marketer from Snov.io shares that blocklists are still a crucial element in the email marketers toolbox for identifying bad IPs and domains, but they can be very frustrating due to false positives.

April 2023 - Snov.io
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit states that RBLs are not a perfect solution, but they are a useful tool in the fight against spam. They advise using multiple RBLs and combining them with other spam filtering techniques for best results.

December 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that UCEPROTECT's pay for delisting is a ransom scheme.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares their biggest issues with RBLs: they don't help find the bad actor or a great sender that went off the rails. They just say "You're blocked!" without providing further information.

October 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerQ shares that with so many blocklists available, it can be confusing which to listen to and which to ignore. Not all RBLs are of high quality and that's something to consider.

May 2022 - MailerQ
Marketer view

Email marketer from ZeroBounce shares that if you suspect your IP address has been blocklisted, you can use various online tools to check your status against multiple RBLs.

August 2021 - ZeroBounce
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailToolTester explains that while RBLs can be effective at blocking IPs or domains sending a lot of email, they also sometimes block legitimate senders. Make sure you aren't listed on one to ensure your deliverability rate remains high.

March 2023 - EmailToolTester

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Experts generally agree that RBLs and blocklists have limitations in preventing spam. Their effectiveness is declining due to spammers' adaptation and evasion tactics. While useful as canary indicators and providing leverage for ESPs to encourage good behavior, they are often poor direct filters and not always accurate, leading to false positives. Evaluating blocklist professionalism based on listing criteria and communication is essential, and combining multiple blocklists with other spam filtering techniques is recommended.

Key opinions

  • Declining Effectiveness: RBLs are becoming less effective due to spammers adapting and evading them.
  • Limited Direct Filtering: Most blocklists serve as canary indicators but are poor as direct filters.
  • Inaccuracy: Blacklists are not always accurate and can block legitimate email.
  • IP-Based Limitations: IP-based blacklists are less effective against sophisticated spam.
  • Primary User is Senders: The primary user of blocklist feedback is senders more than ISPs.

Key considerations

  • Professionalism Evaluation: Evaluate blocklist professionalism based on listing criteria and communication/actions.
  • Multi-Layered Approach: Combine multiple blocklists with other spam filtering techniques.
  • Encourage Good Behavior: RBLs provide leverage for ESPs to encourage good behavior.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that blacklists are useful for identifying spam, but they are not always accurate and can sometimes block legitimate email. Using multiple blacklists and other spam filtering techniques is recommended.

April 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that most blocklists are a good canary indicator but poor as direct filters, and that the primary user of blocklist feedback is senders more than ISPs.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that IP-based blacklists aren’t particularly effective at stopping spam that’s not trivially recognized by content filters and that spammers have adapted. They provide leverage to encourage good behaviour by generally well-meaning ESPs.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that blocklist professionalism should be measured by listing criteria and the communication/actions/words of those in charge, and some blocklists fail the test on both ends.

November 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource (Halon) explains that RBLs are becoming less effective for a number of reasons including spammers have become better at evading them.

February 2025 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Documentation sources suggest that RBLs and blocklists are still valuable for preventing spam, with Spamhaus highlighting their effectiveness in identifying and blocking spam sources, and SURBL focusing on blocking spam via URLs. However, a consensus emerges that RBLs are now part of a multi-layered approach, with advanced techniques like machine learning and behavioral analysis becoming increasingly essential. Maintaining a good email reputation, authenticated emails, high-quality content, and clean email lists are also crucial to avoid blocklisting.

Key findings

  • Spamhaus Effectiveness: Spamhaus RBLs effectively identify and block spam sources.
  • SURBL Focus: SURBLs target spam by identifying malicious websites in email links.
  • Multi-layered Approach: RBLs are now part of a broader, multi-layered spam filtering system.
  • Advanced Techniques: Machine learning, behavioral analysis, and reputation analysis are increasingly important.

Key considerations

  • Good Reputation: Maintain a good email sender reputation to avoid being blocklisted.
  • Email Quality: Focus on email authentication and high-quality content.
  • Clean Lists: Maintain clean and updated email lists.
  • AI-Powered Filtering: Consider AI-powered filtering and reputation management
Technical article

Documentation from Proofpoint shares that while RBLs are a valuable component, advanced techniques such as machine learning, behavioral analysis, and reputation analysis are increasingly essential for effective spam filtering in today's landscape.

October 2021 - Proofpoint
Technical article

Documentation from Barracuda Networks responds that while RBLs are still used, they are part of a multi-layered approach including AI-powered filtering.

January 2022 - Barracuda Networks
Technical article

Documentation from SURBL.org explains that SURBLs (Spam URI Real-time Blocklists) focus on identifying websites that appear in spam messages, helping to block spam based on the links contained within the emails.

August 2021 - SURBL.org
Technical article

Documentation from Cisco Talos explains that maintaining a good email reputation is key to avoid getting on blocklists. Senders should focus on authenticated emails, high quality content, and clean email lists.

October 2023 - Cisco Talos
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that their RBLs are highly effective at identifying and blocking spam sources, significantly reducing the amount of unwanted email reaching users. They actively maintain lists of known spam senders, compromised devices, and other malicious entities.

November 2024 - Spamhaus