How does Gmail's compliance status dashboard aggregate spam rate data for root domains and subdomains?

Summary

Gmail's compliance status dashboard primarily aggregates spam rate data at the root domain level, although Google Postmaster Tools (GPT) might offer more granular views, potentially including subdomain-level information. Strategically using subdomains is crucial for isolating reputation issues, segmenting email types (transactional vs. marketing), and safeguarding the primary domain's reputation. While subdomains possess individual reputations, the root domain's overall reputation still influences their deliverability. Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) for each subdomain is essential, and continuous monitoring of deliverability metrics for both root domains and subdomains helps identify and resolve issues promptly. Using dedicated IP addresses for different subdomains provides more granular control over sending reputation, and warming up subdomains gradually enhances deliverability rates. Mailbox providers evaluate sender reputation based on various factors across both root domains and subdomains, and understanding the specific policies of each provider is important.

Key findings

  • Root Domain Focus: Gmail's compliance dashboard mainly aggregates spam rate data at the root domain level.
  • Subdomain Strategy: Strategic use of subdomains isolates reputation issues and segments email traffic.
  • Authentication Importance: Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) for each subdomain is critical for deliverability.
  • Reputation Interdependence: Subdomain reputation is influenced by the root domain's reputation.
  • GPT Granularity Potential: Google Postmaster Tools (GPT) might provide more granular subdomain-level data.

Key considerations

  • Proactive Monitoring: Continuously monitor deliverability metrics for both root domains and subdomains.
  • Dedicated IPs: Consider dedicated IP addresses for subdomains to enhance reputation control.
  • Subdomain Warm-up: Gradually warm up subdomains to improve deliverability rates.
  • Provider Policies: Understand and adhere to the specific email provider's policies regarding subdomains.
  • Domain SetUp: Ensure domain authentication and proper setup including all domain and subdomain authentication.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

Gmail's compliance status dashboard aggregates spam rate data primarily at the root domain level. However, Google Postmaster Tools (GPT) may offer more granular views, including subdomain-level data, depending on the version. Using subdomains strategically can help isolate reputation issues, especially when segmenting different email types (transactional vs. marketing). Dedicated IP addresses enhance control over subdomain reputation. While subdomains possess independent reputations, the root domain's reputation still influences deliverability. Continuous monitoring of both root domains and subdomains is crucial for identifying and mitigating deliverability problems.

Key opinions

  • Root Domain Aggregation: Gmail's compliance dashboard mainly displays spam rate data aggregated at the root domain level.
  • GPT Granularity: Google Postmaster Tools (GPT) may provide subdomain-level data, allowing for more granular monitoring.
  • Subdomain Isolation: Using subdomains can help isolate deliverability issues, preventing a negative reputation on one subdomain from affecting others.
  • Reputation Influence: While subdomains have individual reputations, the root domain's reputation can still impact subdomain deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Strategic Subdomains: Use subdomains to segment email types (transactional, marketing) to protect the primary domain's reputation.
  • Dedicated IPs: Consider using dedicated IP addresses for different subdomains for enhanced reputation control.
  • Continuous Monitoring: Regularly monitor deliverability metrics for both root domains and subdomains to identify and address issues promptly.
  • Warming Up Subdomains: Warming up subdomains helps build a positive sending reputation over time, improving deliverability rates.
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains how warming up subdomains helps build a positive sending reputation over time, improving deliverability rates and preventing emails from landing in the spam folder.

July 2023 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel Digital shares that using subdomains can help isolate deliverability issues. If one subdomain has a poor sending reputation, it won't necessarily impact the reputation of the root domain or other subdomains.

March 2024 - Neil Patel Digital
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that using a dedicated subdomain for marketing emails helps protect your primary domain's reputation, ensuring important transactional emails are delivered reliably.

June 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Validity (formerly Return Path) shares insights on how mailbox providers evaluate sender reputation based on various factors, including spam complaints, engagement metrics, and authentication practices, across both root domains and subdomains.

September 2022 - Validity
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that while subdomains can have their own reputation, they are still somewhat linked to the root domain. If the root domain is blacklisted, it can impact the subdomain's deliverability as well.

April 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares strategies of using subdomains for different types of emails (transactional, marketing) can help segment sending reputation and protect the primary domain's reputation.

January 2025 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares information regarding the compliance status dashboard, explaining it shows results aggregated to the root domain, not subdomains. This raises the possibility that the "/v2/" dashboard with spam rates may also be showing data for the primary domain, not the subdomain, as per Google's documentation.

September 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stackoverflow mentions that Google Postmaster Tools provides separate dashboards for the root domain and subdomains, allowing you to monitor spam rates and reputation for each individually.

December 2023 - Stackoverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendgrid answers that using dedicated IP addresses for different subdomains allows for more granular control over sending reputation, as each subdomain's sending practices won't directly affect others.

August 2022 - Sendgrid
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that for v1, subdomain data rolls up to the root domain, and subdomain sending data is visible both at the subdomain level and root domain level in GPT (presumably Google Postmaster Tools).

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares the importance of monitoring email deliverability across both root domains and subdomains to identify and address any potential issues early on, preventing long-term damage to sender reputation.

September 2022 - Email on Acid

What the experts say
2Expert opinions

Experts emphasize the importance of using subdomains strategically to separate email traffic types and isolate reputation issues. Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is critical for each subdomain. Monitoring the sending reputation for both the root domain and subdomains is essential for maintaining deliverability. Different providers may have varying policies regarding subdomains, necessitating an understanding of each provider's specific guidelines.

Key opinions

  • Strategic Subdomains: Using subdomains effectively separates different types of email traffic, such as marketing and transactional emails.
  • Authentication is Key: Properly configuring authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) for each subdomain is crucial.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Monitoring the sending reputation of both the root domain and subdomains is essential for maintaining good deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Provider Policies: Understand and adhere to the specific policies of each email provider regarding subdomains, as they may vary.
  • Domain Setup: Ensure a proper domain setup to include domain authetication.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Laura Atkins, explains that proper domain setup including authentication, and monitoring of sending reputation for both the root domain and any subdomains is critical for maintain deliverability. She also mentions that some providers may treat subdomains differently, so it's essential to understand the specific policies of each provider.

February 2025 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource, John Levine, explains that using subdomains can be a good strategy for separating different types of email traffic (e.g., marketing vs. transactional) and isolating reputation issues. However, it's crucial to properly configure authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) for each subdomain.

December 2023 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Official documentation clarifies that Gmail's Compliance status dashboard aggregates spam rate data at the root domain level, not subdomains. While subdomains can have independent reputations, a significantly damaged root domain reputation can negatively affect them. Each subdomain requires its own SPF record for authentication, and DKIM signatures can be configured independently per subdomain. DMARC policies can be applied to both root domains and subdomains, offering granular control over email authentication enforcement.

Key findings

  • Root Domain Aggregation (Gmail): Gmail's Compliance dashboard displays spam data at the root domain level.
  • Root Domain Impact: A damaged root domain reputation can negatively impact subdomains.
  • Individual SPF Records: Each subdomain requires its own SPF record for proper authentication.
  • DKIM Configuration: DKIM signatures can be configured independently for each subdomain.
  • DMARC Flexibility: DMARC policies apply to both root domains and subdomains.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Root Domain: Keep a close watch on the root domain reputation due to its influence on subdomains.
  • Implement SPF: Ensure each subdomain has a properly configured SPF record.
  • Customize DKIM: Tailor DKIM signatures for each subdomain based on its sending sources and policies.
  • Enforce DMARC: Establish and enforce DMARC policies at both the root domain and subdomain levels.
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org specifies that Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting & Conformance (DMARC) policies can be applied to both root domains and subdomains, allowing for granular control over email authentication enforcement.

June 2024 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that the Compliance status dashboard data applies to primary domains only, not to subdomains. This means spam rate data displayed in the dashboard is aggregated at the root domain level.

October 2021 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor (RFC 4408) specifies how Sender Policy Framework (SPF) records work with subdomains. Each subdomain needs its own SPF record to properly authenticate email sending from that subdomain.

August 2024 - RFC 4408
Technical article

Documentation from DKIM.org explains that DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM) signatures can be configured independently for each subdomain, allowing for specific authentication keys and policies for different sending sources.

April 2022 - DKIM.org
Technical article

Documentation from Postmark explains that domain reputation is crucial for email deliverability. While subdomains can have independent reputations, a severely damaged root domain reputation can negatively impact all subdomains.

April 2024 - Postmark